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 וְלִשְׁנַ֨יִם הָאֲנָשִׁ֜ים הַֽמְרַגְּלִ֤ים אֶת־הָאָ֙רֶץ֙ אָמַ֣ר יְהוֹשֻׁ֔עַ בֹּ֖אוּ בֵּית־הָאִשָּׁ֣ה הַזּוֹנָ֑ה וְהוֹצִ֨יאוּ מִשָּׁ֤ם אֶת־הָֽאִשָּׁה֙ וְאֶת־כָּל־אֲשֶׁר־לָ֔הּ כַּאֲשֶׁ֥ר נִשְׁבַּעְתֶּ֖ם לָֽהּ׃ 23 וַיָּבֹ֜אוּ הַנְּעָרִ֣ים הַֽמְרַגְּלִ֗ים וַיֹּצִ֡יאוּ אֶת־רָ֠חָב וְאֶת־אָבִ֨יהָ וְאֶת־אִמָּ֤הּ וְאֶת־אַחֶ֙יהָ֙ וְאֶת־כָּל־אֲשֶׁר־לָ֔הּ וְאֵ֥ת כָּל־מִשְׁפְּחוֹתֶ֖יהָ הוֹצִ֑יאוּ וַיַּ֨נִּיח֔וּם מִח֖וּץ לְמַחֲנֵ֥ה יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ 24 וְהָעִ֛יר שָׂרְפ֥וּ בָאֵ֖שׁ וְכָל־אֲשֶׁר־בָּ֑הּ רַ֣ק ׀ הַכֶּ֣סֶף וְהַזָּהָ֗ב וּכְלֵ֤י הַנְּחֹ֙שֶׁת֙ וְהַבַּרְזֶ֔ל נָתְנ֖וּ אוֹצַ֥ר בֵּית־יְהוָֽה׃ 25 וְֽאֶת־רָחָ֣ב הַ֠זּוֹנָה וְאֶת־בֵּ֨ית אָבִ֤יהָ וְאֶת־כָּל־אֲשֶׁר־לָהּ֙ הֶחֱיָ֣ה יְהוֹשֻׁ֔עַ וַתֵּ֙שֶׁב֙ בְּקֶ֣רֶב יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל עַ֖ד הַיּ֣וֹם הַזֶּ֑ה כִּ֤י הֶחְבִּ֙יאָה֙ אֶת־הַמַּלְאָכִ֔ים אֲשֶׁר־שָׁלַ֥ח יְהוֹשֻׁ֖עַ לְרַגֵּ֥ל אֶת־יְרִיחֽוֹ׃ פ
26 וַיַּשְׁבַּ֣ע יְהוֹשֻׁ֔עַ בָּעֵ֥ת הַהִ֖יא לֵאמֹ֑ר אָר֨וּר הָאִ֜ישׁ לִפְנֵ֣י יְהוָ֗ה אֲשֶׁ֤ר יָקוּם֙ וּבָנָ֞ה אֶת־הָעִ֤יר הַזֹּאת֙ אֶת־יְרִיח֔וֹ בִּבְכֹר֣וֹ יְיַסְּדֶ֔נָּה וּבִצְעִיר֖וֹ יַצִּ֥יב דְּלָתֶֽיהָ׃ 27 וַיְהִ֥י יְהוָ֖ה אֶת־יְהוֹשֻׁ֑עַ וַיְהִ֥י שָׁמְע֖וֹ בְּכָל־הָאָֽרֶץ׃

Vocabulary

Verse 22

            רגל  verb (Piel participle mpl): “spy” (BDB,920)

            זונה  “harlot” (BDB, 275)

Syntax & Miscellaneous

• Concerning the lack of the definite article with שׁנים GKC states: “In apposition with any determinate substantive the cardinal number is used without the article, not only when it precedes the substantive…but also when it follows the substantive” (134k).
• The participle, הַֽמְרַגְּלִ֤ים, is functioning as an attributive adjective agreeing in gender, number and definiteness (see GKC, 35b for a note on the lack of dagesh in mem).
• The object clause (לִשְׁנַ֨יִם הָאֲנָשִׁ֜ים הַֽמְרַגְּלִ֤ים אֶת־הָאָ֙רֶץ֙) for the verb אמר is fronted.
• The combination of the preposition מִן and שָׁם is מִשָּׁ֤ם (the dagesh in the shin is the assimilated final nun of the preposition).
• The Niphal verb, נִשְׁבַּעְתֶּ֖ם, is passive.

Vocabulary

Verse 23

            רגל  verb: “spy” (BDB,920)

            אֵם  “mother”

            משׁפח  “family, clan”

            נוח  verb (Hiphil waw-consecutive imperfect 3mpl w/ 3mpl suffix): “rest”

Verse 24

            שׁרף  verb: “burn”

            נחשׁת  “copper”

            ברזל  “iron”

            אוצר  “treasury”

Verse 25

            זונה  “harlot” (BDB, 275)

            חיה  verb (Hiphil perfect 3ms): “give life”

            חבא  verb (Hiphil perfect 3fs): “hide” (BDB, 285)

            רגל  verb: “spy” (BDB, 920)

            יריחו  name: “Jericho”

Verse 26

            עֵת  “time”

            ארר  verb (Qal passive participle ms): “cursed”

            בכור  “firstborn”

            יסד  verb: “establish, found” (BDB, 413)

צעיר  “young” (BDB, 859)

נצב  verb: “set up”

דלת  “gates (of a city)”

Verse 27

            שׁמע  noun: “report” (BDB, 1035)

Syntax & Misc.

Verse 23

• The word, אִמָּ֤הּ, consists of the noun, אֵם, with the 3fs pronominal suffix.
• The designation of אַחֶ֨יהָ֙ probably refers to all Rahab’s siblings regardless of gender.
• The final asyndetic clause, הוֹצִ֑יאוּ וַיַּ֨נִּיח֔וּם מִח֖וּץ לְמַחֲנֵ֥ה יִשְׂרָאֵֽל, explicates the locality to where the family was brought.

Verse 24

• The second part of this verse beginning with the adverb רַק consists of a positive explanation as to what was saved from destruction.
• The compound object clause of נתן is fronted,הַכֶּ֣סֶף וְהַזָּהָ֗ב וּכְלֵ֤י הַנְּחֹ֙שֶׁת֙ וְהַבַּרְזֶ֔ל.

Verse 25

• Many commentators have noted that Rahab’s name is consistently appositional to a description of her occupation, רָחָ֣ב הַ֠זּוֹנָה.

Verse 26

• The final parallel clauses are בִּבְכֹר֣וֹ and וּבִצְעִיר֖וֹ meaning “with [the death of] his firstborn (or youngest).”
• The 3fs suffix is used to refer to Jericho, the city.  In Hebrew, cities have feminine gender.

וְהָיְתָ֨ה הָעִ֥יר חֵ֛רֶם הִ֥יא וְכָל־אֲשֶׁר־בָּ֖הּ לַֽיהוָ֑ה רַק֩ רָחָ֨ב הַזּוֹנָ֜ה תִּֽחְיֶ֗ה הִ֚יא וְכָל־אֲשֶׁ֣ר אִתָּ֣הּ בַּבַּ֔יִת כִּ֣י הֶחְבְּאַ֔תָה אֶת־הַמַּלְאָכִ֖ים אֲשֶׁ֥ר שָׁלָֽחְנוּ׃ 18 וְרַק־אַתֶּם֙ שִׁמְר֣וּ מִן־הַחֵ֔רֶם פֶּֽן־תַּחֲרִ֖ימוּ וּלְקַחְתֶּ֣ם מִן־הַחֵ֑רֶם וְשַׂמְתֶּ֞ם אֶת־מַחֲנֵ֤ה יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ לְחֵ֔רֶם וַעֲכַרְתֶּ֖ם אוֹתֽוֹ׃ 19 וְכֹ֣ל ׀ כֶּ֣סֶף וְזָהָ֗ב וּכְלֵ֤י נְחֹ֙שֶׁת֙ וּבַרְזֶ֔ל קֹ֥דֶשׁ ה֖וּא לַֽיהוָ֑ה אוֹצַ֥ר יְהוָ֖ה יָבֽוֹא׃ 20 וַיָּ֣רַע הָעָ֔ם וַֽיִּתְקְע֖וּ בַּשֹּֽׁפָר֑וֹת וַיְהִי֩ כִשְׁמֹ֨עַ הָעָ֜ם אֶת־ק֣וֹל הַשּׁוֹפָ֗ר וַיָּרִ֤יעוּ הָעָם֙ תְּרוּעָ֣ה גְדוֹלָ֔ה וַתִּפֹּ֨ל הַֽחוֹמָ֜ה תַּחְתֶּ֗יהָ וַיַּ֨עַל הָעָ֤ם הָעִ֙ירָה֙ אִ֣ישׁ נֶגְדּ֔וֹ וַֽיִּלְכְּד֖וּ אֶת־הָעִֽיר׃ 21 וַֽיַּחֲרִ֙ימוּ֙ אֶת־כָּל־אֲשֶׁ֣ר בָּעִ֔יר מֵאִישׁ֙ וְעַד־אִשָּׁ֔ה מִנַּ֖עַר וְעַד־זָקֵ֑ן וְעַ֨ד שׁ֥וֹר וָשֶׂ֛ה וַחֲמ֖וֹר לְפִי־חָֽרֶב׃

Vocabulary

Verse 17

            חרם  “devoted thing, ban” (BDB, 356)

            רחב  name: “Rahab”

            זונה  “harlot” (BDB, 275)

            חבא  verb (Hiphil perfect 2fs): “hide” (BDB, 285)

Syntax & Miscellaneous

• The asyndetic clause, הִ֥יא וְכָל־אֲשֶׁר־בָּ֖הּ לַֽיהוָ֑ה, is explaining what it means to be put to חרם.
• In the first clause, the feminine singular pronoun, היא, is referring to the city, עיר; whereas in the second it is referring to Rahab, the prostitute.
• The final he of the verb הֶחְבְּאַ֔תָה is a paragogic he.

Vocabulary

Verse 18

            חרם  “devoted thing” (BDB, 356)

            חרם  verb (Hiphil imperfect 2mpl): “devote to destruction” (BDB, 355)      

            עכר  verb: “disturb, trouble” (BDB, 747)

Verse 19

            נחשׁת  “copper”

            ברזל  “iron”

            אוצר  “treasure”

Verse 20

            רוע  verb: “shout a war cry” (BDB, 929)

            תקע  verb: “blow [on trumpet]”

            תרועה  noun: “war cry” (BDB, 929)

            חומה  “wall”

            נגד  “in front of, opposite”

            לכד  verb: “seize, capture”

Verse 21

            חרם  verb: “devote to destruction” (BDB, 355) 

            שׁור  “cattle, ox”

            שֹה  “sheep” (BEB, 961)

            חמור  “donkey”

Syntax & Misc.

Verse 18

• The final pronoun refers to the camp, מחנה.

Verse 19

• The fronted clause is replaced in the sentence by the pronoun הוא in the verbless clause, קֹ֥דֶשׁ ה֖וּא לַֽיהוָ֑ה.
• The final clause is explanative (notice the asyndeton). 

Verse 20

• The construction, ויהי כ, is used as a temporal marker: “And it happened when.”
• The final he, הָעִ֙ירָה֙, is a directive he.

Verse 21

• The idiom, לְפִי־חָֽרֶב “to the mouth of the sword,” means all were killed “with [the edge of] the sword.”

וַיַּשְׁכֵּ֥ם יְהוֹשֻׁ֖עַ בַּבֹּ֑קֶר וַיִּשְׂא֥וּ הַכֹּהֲנִ֖ים אֶת־אֲר֥וֹן יְהוָֽה׃ 13 וְשִׁבְעָ֣ה הַכֹּהֲנִ֡ים נֹשְׂאִים֩ שִׁבְעָ֨ה שׁוֹפְר֜וֹת הַיֹּבְלִ֗ים לִפְנֵי֙ אֲר֣וֹן יְהוָ֔ה הֹלְכִ֣ים הָל֔וֹךְ וְתָקְע֖וּ בַּשּׁוֹפָר֑וֹת וְהֶחָלוּץ֙ הֹלֵ֣ךְ לִפְנֵיהֶ֔ם וְהַֽמְאַסֵּ֗ף הֹלֵךְ֙ אַֽחֲרֵי֙ אֲר֣וֹן יְהוָ֔ה [הוֹלֵךְ] וְתָק֥וֹעַ בַּשּׁוֹפָרֽוֹת׃ 14 וַיָּסֹ֨בּוּ אֶת־הָעִ֜יר בַּיּ֤וֹם הַשֵּׁנִי֙ פַּ֣עַם אַחַ֔ת וַיָּשֻׁ֖בוּ הַֽמַּחֲנֶ֑ה כֹּ֥ה עָשׂ֖וּ שֵׁ֥שֶׁת יָמִֽים׃ 15 וַיְהִ֣י ׀ בַּיּ֣וֹם הַשְּׁבִיעִ֗י וַיַּשְׁכִּ֙מוּ֙ כַּעֲל֣וֹת הַשַּׁ֔חַר וַיָּסֹ֧בּוּ אֶת־הָעִ֛יר כַּמִּשְׁפָּ֥ט הַזֶּ֖ה שֶׁ֣בַע פְּעָמִ֑ים רַ֚ק בַּיּ֣וֹם הַה֔וּא סָבְב֥וּ אֶת־הָעִ֖יר שֶׁ֥בַע פְּעָמִֽים׃ 16 וַיְהִי֙ בַּפַּ֣עַם הַשְּׁבִיעִ֔ית תָּקְע֥וּ הַכֹּהֲנִ֖ים בַּשּׁוֹפָר֑וֹת וַיֹּ֨אמֶר יְהוֹשֻׁ֤עַ אֶל־הָעָם֙ הָרִ֔יעוּ כִּֽי־נָתַ֧ן יְהוָ֛ה לָכֶ֖ם אֶת־הָעִֽיר׃

Vocabulary

Verse 12

            שׁכם  verb: “arise, rise”

Syntax & Miscellaneous

• The form, וַיִּשְׂא֥וּ, lacks a dagesh (assimilated nun) in the שֹ because of the addition of the 3mpl vocalic suffix and the reduction of the previous vowel to shewa.

Vocabulary

Verse 13

            שׁופר  noun: “horn”

            יובל  noun: “ram” (BDB, 385)

            הלוץ  noun: “warrior” (BDB, 323)

            תקע  verb: “blow”

            מאסף  verb: (Piel participle ms with definite article): “rear guard” (substantive)

Verse 14

            פַּ֣עַם אַחַ֔ת  idiom: “one time”

Verse 15

            שׁחר  noun: “dawn” (BDB, 1007)

            רק  adverb: “only, altogether”

Verse 16

            פעם  “occurrence”

            רוע  verb (Hiphil imperative mpl): “shout a war cry” (BDB, 929)

Syntax & Misc.

Verse 13

• This verse is discontinuous with the rest of the narrative providing supplemental information outside of the typical narrative framework.  This is marked by the use of x-v clauses (or non-verb clause initial, also called fronting of a non verb).
• The periphrastic verbal construction lacks the copula (נֹשְׂאִים֩).
• Qere: הָל֖וֹךְ.  The Kethib is a Qal infinitive absolute; whereas the Qere is a Qal participle.

Verse 14

• The narrative continues from verse 12 with a waw-consecutive imperfect.
• The phrase, בַּיּ֤וֹם הַשֵּׁנִי, functions adverbially—“on the next day [literally: ‘second day’].”

Verse 15

• The early morning is indicated by this idiom, כַּעֲל֣וֹת הַשַּׁ֔חַר (cf. 1 Samuel 9:26).

 וַיִּקְרָ֞א יְהוֹשֻׁ֤עַ בִּן־נוּן֙ אֶל־הַכֹּ֣הֲנִ֔ים וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֲלֵהֶ֔ם שְׂא֖וּ אֶת־אֲר֣וֹן הַבְּרִ֑ית וְשִׁבְעָ֣ה כֹֽהֲנִ֗ים יִשְׂאוּ֙ שִׁבְעָ֤ה שֽׁוֹפְרוֹת֙ יוֹבְלִ֔ים לִפְנֵ֖י אֲר֥וֹן יְהוָֽה׃ 7  [וַיֹּאמְרוּ] אֶל־הָעָ֔ם עִבְר֖וּ וְסֹ֣בּוּ אֶת־הָעִ֑יר וְהֶ֣חָל֔וּץ יַעֲבֹ֕ר לִפְנֵ֖י אֲר֥וֹן יְהוָֽה׃ 8 וַיְהִ֗י כֶּאֱמֹ֣ר יְהוֹשֻׁעַ֮ אֶל־הָעָם֒ וְשִׁבְעָ֣ה הַכֹּהֲנִ֡ים נֹשְׂאִים֩ שִׁבְעָ֨ה שׁוֹפְר֤וֹת הַיּֽוֹבְלִים֙ לִפְנֵ֣י יְהוָ֔ה עָבְר֕וּ וְתָקְע֖וּ בַּשּֽׁוֹפָר֑וֹת וַֽאֲרוֹן֙ בְּרִ֣ית יְהוָ֔ה הֹלֵ֖ךְ אַחֲרֵיהֶֽם׃ 9 וְהֶחָל֣וּץ הֹלֵ֔ךְ לִפְנֵי֙ הַכֹּ֣הֲנִ֔ים [תָּקְעוּ] הַשּֽׁוֹפָר֑וֹת וְהַֽמְאַסֵּ֗ף הֹלֵךְ֙ אַחֲרֵ֣י הָאָר֔וֹן הָל֖וֹךְ וְתָק֥וֹעַ בַּשּׁוֹפָרֽוֹת׃ 10 וְאֶת־הָעָם֩ צִוָּ֨ה יְהוֹשֻׁ֜עַ לֵאמֹ֗ר לֹ֤א תָרִ֙יעוּ֙ וְלֹֽא־תַשְׁמִ֣יעוּ אֶת־קוֹלְכֶ֔ם וְלֹא־יֵצֵ֥א מִפִּיכֶ֖ם דָּבָ֑ר עַ֠ד י֣וֹם אָמְרִ֧י אֲלֵיכֶ֛ם הָרִ֖יעוּ וַהֲרִיעֹתֶֽם׃ 11 וַיַּסֵּ֤ב אֲרוֹן־יְהוָה֙ אֶת־הָעִ֔יר הַקֵּ֖ף פַּ֣עַם אֶחָ֑ת וַיָּבֹ֙אוּ֙ הַֽמַּחֲנֶ֔ה וַיָּלִ֖ינוּ בַּֽמַּחֲנֶֽה׃ פ

Vocabulary

Verse 6

            נון  name: “Nun (Joshua’s father)”

            שׁופר  “horn”

            יובל  noun: “ram” (BDB, 385)

Syntax & Miscellaneous

• First nun imperatives in the Qal stem lose the first root radical, שְׂא֖וּ (root: נשֹא).
• Parenthetically, the narrative inserts the clause: וְשִׁבְעָ֣ה כֹֽהֲנִ֗ים יִשְׂאוּ֙ שִׁבְעָ֤ה שֽׁוֹפְרוֹת֙ יוֹבְלִ֔ים לִפְנֵ֖י אֲר֥וֹן יְהוָֽה.

Vocabulary

Verse 7

            חלוץ  noun: “warrior” (BDB, 323)

            סבב  verb (Qal imperative mp): “go around, surround”

Verse 8

            שׁופר  “horn”

            יובל  noun: “ram” (BDB, 385)

            תקע  verb: “blow, give a blast”

Verse 9

            חלוץ  noun: “warrior” (BDB, 323)

            מְאַסֵּ֗ף  verb (Piel participle ms): “rear guard”

Verse 10

            רוע  verb (Hiphil imperfect 2mpl): “shout a war cry” (BDB, 929)

Verse 11

            נקף  verb: “go around” (BDB, 668)

            לון  verb (Hiphil waw-consecutive imperfect 3mpl): “spend the night, lodge”

Syntax & Misc.

Verse 7

• Qere: וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙.  The Kethib says that they (priests) said; the Qere continues with Joshua as the subject (“He said”).

Verse 8

• The phrase, ַאֲרוֹן֙ בְּרִ֣ית יְהוָ֔ה, is a three-member construct phrase.
• The obedience of the people to God’s command is authenticated by the near exact repetition of verse four.

Verse 9

• Qere: תֹּקְעֵ֖י.  The Kethib is a finite verb; the Qere is a participle form in construct.
• The participle מְאַסֵּ֗ף is a substantive.
• The infinitive absolute can function as an adverb meaning “continually” (GKC 113u).

Verse 10

• The direct object of the first clause is fronted.  This sequence places the verb in the non-initial position functioning as an adversative “but.”
• The Hiphil of שׁמע is causative: “Do not let (your voice) be heard.”

Verse 11

• The asyndetic clause, הַקֵּ֖ף פַּ֣עַם אֶחָ֑ת, functions to explain the previous statement (epexegesis).
• The idiom, פַּ֣עַם אֶחָ֑ת, means “one time (occurrence).”

וִֽירִיחוֹ֙ סֹגֶ֣רֶת וּמְסֻגֶּ֔רֶת מִפְּנֵ֖י בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל אֵ֥ין יוֹצֵ֖א וְאֵ֥ין בָּֽא׃ ס     2 וַיֹּ֤אמֶר יְהוָה֙ אֶל־יְהוֹשֻׁ֔עַ רְאֵה֙ נָתַ֣תִּי בְיָֽדְךָ֔ אֶת־יְרִיח֖וֹ וְאֶת־מַלְכָּ֑הּ גִּבּוֹרֵ֖י הֶחָֽיִל׃ 3 וְסַבֹּתֶ֣ם אֶת־הָעִ֗יר כֹּ֚ל אַנְשֵׁ֣י הַמִּלְחָמָ֔ה הַקֵּ֥יף אֶת־הָעִ֖יר פַּ֣עַם אֶחָ֑ת כֹּ֥ה תַעֲשֶׂ֖ה שֵׁ֥שֶׁת יָמִֽים׃ 4 וְשִׁבְעָ֣ה כֹהֲנִ֡ים יִשְׂאוּ֩ שִׁבְעָ֨ה שׁוֹפְר֤וֹת הַיּֽוֹבְלִים֙ לִפְנֵ֣י הָאָר֔וֹן וּבַיּוֹם֙ הַשְּׁבִיעִ֔י תָּסֹ֥בּוּ אֶת־הָעִ֖יר שֶׁ֣בַע פְּעָמִ֑ים וְהַכֹּ֣הֲנִ֔ים יִתְקְע֖וּ בַּשּׁוֹפָרֽוֹת׃ 5 וְהָיָ֞ה בִּמְשֹׁ֣ךְ ׀ בְּקֶ֣רֶן הַיּוֹבֵ֗ל [בְּשָׁמְעֲכֶם] אֶת־ק֣וֹל הַשּׁוֹפָ֔ר יָרִ֥יעוּ כָל־הָעָ֖ם תְּרוּעָ֣ה גְדוֹלָ֑ה וְנָ֨פְלָ֜ה חוֹמַ֤ת הָעִיר֙ תַּחְתֶּ֔יהָ וְעָל֥וּ הָעָ֖ם אִ֥ישׁ נֶגְדּֽוֹ׃

Vocabulary

Verse 1

            יריחו  name (of place): “Jericho”

            סגר  verb: “shut up”

Syntax & Miscellaneous

• The initial waw + non-verb construction breaks the narrative from the previous section.  This relationship can be marked by using a transition such as “now.”
• The sequencing of the participles with the same root (סגר) is translated in most English versions as intensive—“shut up tightly (or securely)”—similar to the infinitive absolute + finite verb construction.  That being said, this translation is faulty on several counts.  First, no other example of this sequencing with participles functioning periphrastically is found in the MT.  Second, the words are separated by a waw, which never occurs in the infinitive absolute + finite verb construction.  Third, even though the root and form are the same, the stems change (out of 440 occurrences of the infinitive absolute + finite verb construction, nearly all of them, eighty-seven percent, share the same stem).  Not only this, the meanings of the stems are different.  The Qal stem of סגר connotes the shutting or closing of a gate, whereas the Pual (passive) can mean the locking of a gate (cf. Jeremiah 13:19).  Thus, the suggested translation would be: “Now Jericho was shut up and locked” (The RSV gives a similar translation).
• This suggested translation (see note above) is further authenticated by the following epexegetical clause: “No one left and no one entered” corresponding to “shut up (keeping the inhabitants inside) and locked (keeping foreigners out).”

Vocabulary

Verse 2

            גִּבּוֹרֵ֖י הֶחָֽיִל  idiom: “mighty men, valiant warriors”

Verse 3

            סבב  verb: “surround”

            נקף  verb (Hiphil infinitive absolute): “go around” (BDB, 668)

            פעם  “occurrence”

            יָמִים  plural of יום

Verse 4

            שׁופר  “horn”

            יובל  noun: “ram” (BDB, 385)

            תקע  verb: “blow”

Verse 5

            משׁך  verb: “[hear] a loud sound” (BDB, 604)

            קרן  “horn”

            יובל  noun: “ram” (BDB, 385)

            רוע  verb (Hiphil imperfect 3mpl): “shout a war cry” (BDB, 929)

            תרועה  noun: “war cry” (BDB, 929)

            חומה  “wall”

            נגד  “straight”

Syntax & Misc.

Verse 2

• The final mappiq, similar to a dagesh (GKC 14), distinguishes the noun, מַלְכָּהּ “her king,” from מַלְכָּה “queen.”  The 3fs pronominal suffix in the former refers to the city of Jericho (In Hebrew, cities are feminine).

Verse 3

• The phrase, פַּ֣עַם אֶחָ֑ת, means “one time” (cf. Joshua 6:11, 14, 10:42; 1 Samuel 26:8; Isaiah 66:8).

Verse 4

• Notice the difference between the cardinal number seven, שֶׁבַע, and the ordinal number seventh, שְׁבִיעִי.

Verse 5

• Qere: כְּשָׁמְעֲכֶם֙.
• The prepositional phrase, תַּחְתֶּ֔יהָ, functions as a reflexive, “inside itself” or “below itself.”