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וְנָתַתִּ֗י אֶת־פִּגְרֵי֙ בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל לִפְנֵ֖י גִּלּֽוּלֵיהֶ֑ם וְזֵרִיתִי֙ אֶת־עַצְמ֣וֹתֵיכֶ֔ם סְבִיב֖וֹת מִזְבְּחוֹתֵיכֶֽם׃ 6 בְּכֹל֙ מוֹשְׁב֣וֹתֵיכֶ֔ם הֶעָרִ֣ים תֶּחֱרַ֔בְנָה וְהַבָּמ֖וֹת תִּישָׁ֑מְנָה לְמַעַן֩ יֶחֶרְב֨וּ וְיֶאְשְׁמ֜וּ מִזְבְּחֽוֹתֵיכֶ֗ם וְנִשְׁבְּר֤וּ וְנִשְׁבְּתוּ֙ גִּלּ֣וּלֵיכֶ֔ם וְנִגְדְּעוּ֙ חַמָּ֣נֵיכֶ֔ם וְנִמְח֖וּ מַעֲשֵׂיכֶֽם׃ 7 וְנָפַ֥ל חָלָ֖ל בְּתֽוֹכְכֶ֑ם וִֽידַעְתֶּ֖ם כִּֽי־אֲנִ֥י יְהוָֽה׃ 8 וְהוֹתַרְתִּ֗י בִּהְי֥וֹת לָכֶ֛ם פְּלִ֥יטֵי חֶ֖רֶב בַּגּוֹיִ֑ם בְּהִזָּרֽוֹתֵיכֶ֖ם בָּאֲרָצֽוֹת׃ 9 וְזָכְר֨וּ פְלִֽיטֵיכֶ֜ם אוֹתִ֗י בַּגּוֹיִם֮ אֲשֶׁ֣ר נִשְׁבּוּ־שָׁם֒ אֲשֶׁ֨ר נִשְׁבַּ֜רְתִּי אֶת־לִבָּ֣ם הַזּוֹנֶ֗ה אֲשֶׁר־סָר֙ מֵֽעָלַ֔י וְאֵת֙ עֵֽינֵיהֶ֔ם הַזֹּנ֕וֹת אַחֲרֵ֖י גִּלּֽוּלֵיהֶ֑ם וְנָקֹ֙טּוּ֙ בִּפְנֵיהֶ֔ם אֶל־הָֽרָעוֹת֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר עָשׂ֔וּ לְכֹ֖ל תּוֹעֲבֹתֵיהֶֽם׃ 10 וְיָדְע֖וּ כִּֽי־אֲנִ֣י יְהוָ֑ה לֹ֤א אֶל־חִנָּם֙ דִּבַּ֔רְתִּי לַעֲשׂ֥וֹת לָהֶ֖ם הָרָעָ֥ה הַזֹּֽאת׃ פ

Vocabulary

Verse 5

            פגר noun: “corpse” (BDB, 803)

            גלול  noun: “idol” (BDB, 165)

            זרה  verb: “scatter” (BDB, 279)

            עצם  noun: “bone”

Syntax & Miscellaneous

• The semantic domain of נתן is broad from give to place to set.
• Notice the parallel features of the two clauses in this verse.  The perfect 1cs verb in initial position, the words “corpse” and “bones” are similar and “before the idols” and “around your altars” are similar phrases.

Vocabulary

Verse 6

            מושׁב  noun: “dwelling” (BDB, 444)

            חרב  verb: “be waste, desolate” (BDB, 351)

            במה  “high places”

            ישׁם  verb: “desolate”

            אשׁם  verb: “be held guilty” (BDB, 79)

            גלול  noun: “idol” (BDB, 165)

            גדע  verb (Niphal waw-consecutive perfect 3cpl): “be hewn off” (BDB, 154)

            חמן  noun: “sun pillar” (BDB, 329)

            מחה  verb: “be exterminated” (BDB, 562)

Verse 7

            חלל  “slain”

Verse 8

            יתר  verb (Hiphil waw-consecutive perfect 1cs): “spare, remain”

            פליט  “fugitive” (BDB, 812)

            זרה  verb: “be scattered” (BDB, 279)

Verse 9

            פליט  “fugitive” (BDB, 812)

            שׁבה  verb: “be taken captive” (BDB, 985)

            זנה  verb (Qal participle): “fornication”

            סר  verb (from סור): “turn aside”

            גלול  noun: “idol” (BDB, 165)

            קוט  verb: “feel loathing” (BDB, 876)

            בפני  “against” (BDB, 816)

Verse 10

            חנם  “in vain” (BDB, 336)

Syntax & Misc.

Verse 7

• The verbless clause, אֲנִ֥י יְהוָֽה, is functioning as the object of ידע.

Verse 8

• The initial finite verb plus infinitive construction is understood as causing something/someone to do/be something.

Verse 9

• The relative particle, אֲשֶׁ֣ר, along with שַׁם should be understood as “where.”
• Notice the shift from 2mpl suffixes (פְלִֽיטֵיכֶ֜ם) to 3mpl suffix (לִבָּ֣ם).
• The substantive participle, הַזּוֹנֶ֗ה, is functioning as the second member of a construct phrase.
• The verb, נִשְׁבַּ֜רְתִּי, has a compound direct object, אֶת־לִבָּ֣ם הַזּוֹנֶ֗ה and וְאֵת֙ עֵֽינֵיהֶ֔ם הַזֹּנ֕וֹת.
• The syntactic value of the final clause, לְכֹ֖ל תּוֹעֲבֹתֵיהֶֽם, is dubious.  Perhaps the lamed should be understood as causal.  Another suggestion is that it is conjunctive to the previous phrase, אֶל־הָֽרָעוֹת֙ (however it lacks the typical waw).

Verse 10

• Repetition from verse seven, וְיָדְע֖וּ כִּֽי־אֲנִ֣י יְהוָ֑ה.
• Adverbial phrase: אֶל־חִנָּם֙.

וַיְהִ֥י דְבַר־יְהוָ֖ה אֵלַ֥י לֵאמֹֽר׃ 2 בֶּן־אָדָ֕ם שִׂ֥ים פָּנֶ֖יךָ אֶל־הָרֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וְהִנָּבֵ֖א אֲלֵיהֶֽם׃ 3 וְאָ֣מַרְתָּ֔ הָרֵי֙ יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל שִׁמְע֖וּ דְּבַר־אֲדֹנָ֣י יְהוִ֑ה כֹּה־אָמַ֣ר אֲדֹנָ֣י יְ֠הוִה לֶהָרִ֨ים וְלַגְּבָע֜וֹת לָאֲפִיקִ֣ים [וְלַגֵּאָיֹת] הִנְנִ֨י אֲנִ֜י מֵבִ֤יא עֲלֵיכֶם֙ חֶ֔רֶב וְאִבַּדְתִּ֖י בָּמֽוֹתֵיכֶֽם׃ 4 וְנָשַׁ֙מּוּ֙ מִזְבְּח֣וֹתֵיכֶ֔ם וְנִשְׁבְּר֖וּ חַמָּֽנֵיכֶ֑ם וְהִפַּלְתִּי֙ חַלְלֵיכֶ֔ם לִפְנֵ֖י גִּלּוּלֵיכֶֽם׃

Vocabulary

Verse 2

            נבא  verb (Niphal imperative 3ms): “prophesy”

Syntax & Miscellaneous

• The Ezekielian phrase, “set your face against,” usually is parallel to a command to prophesy (cf. Ezek. 6:2; 13:17; 21:7; 25:2; 28:21; 38:2).
• The construct phrase, הרי ישראל, occurs only in the Book of Ezekiel (Ezek. 6:2-3; 19:9; 33:28; 34:13-4; 35:12; 36:1, 4, 8; 38:8; 39:2, 4, 17).

Vocabulary

Verse 3

            גבע  noun (fpl): “hill”

            אפיק  noun: “channel” (BDB, 67)

            גיא  noun: “valley” (BDB, 161)

            אבד  verb (Piel waw-consecutive perfect 1cs): “destroy”

            במה  (plural: במות): “high places (of worship)”

Verse 4

            שׁמם  verb (Niphal waw-consecutive perfect 3mpl): “to be desolate”

            חמן  “sun pillar (used in idolatrous worship)” (BDB, 329)ח

            חלל  noun: “slain”

            גלול  idiomatic: “idol” (BDB, 165)

Syntax & Misc.

Verse 3

• The lamed, לֶהָרִ֨ים וְלַגְּבָע֜וֹת, either marks the object “to” or is adversative “against.”
• The four element list is broken into two groups of two each connected by waw: לֶהָרִ֨ים וְלַגְּבָע֜וֹת לָאֲפִיקִ֣ים וְלַגֵּאָיֹת.
• The clause, אֲנִ֜י מֵבִ֤יא, is periphrastic without an extant copulative.
• The word, חֶ֔רֶב “sword,” is an adverbial modifier (“I am coming with a sword”).
• Qere וְלַגֵּאָי֗וֹת.  This is a more regular suffix pattern.

Verse 4

• The dagesh in the mem of וְנָשַׁ֙מּוּ֙ represents an assimilated mem from the root.
• The typology of the first two clauses is V-S.
• The verb וְהִפַּלְתִּי֙ is a Hiphil (causative) from פלל “fall.”
• The word, גִּלּוּלֵיכֶֽם, is worthy of a word study.  Of its forty-eight occurrences in the MT, thirty-nine are found in Ezekiel.  It literally refers to refuse or dung, but is used by Ezekiel to refer to idols.

וְֽהָ֨יְתָ֜ה חֶרְפָּ֤ה וּגְדוּפָה֙ מוּסָ֣ר וּמְשַׁמָּ֔ה לַגּוֹיִ֖ם אֲשֶׁ֣ר סְבִיבוֹתָ֑יִךְ בַּעֲשׂוֹתִי֩ בָ֨ךְ שְׁפָטִ֜ים בְּאַ֤ף וּבְחֵמָה֙ וּבְתֹכְח֣וֹת חֵמָ֔ה אֲנִ֥י יְהוָ֖ה דִּבַּֽרְתִּי׃ 16 בְּֽשַׁלְּחִ֡י אֶת־חִצֵּי֩ הָרָעָ֨ב הָרָעִ֤ים בָּהֶם֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר הָי֣וּ לְמַשְׁחִ֔ית אֲשֶׁר־אֲשַׁלַּ֥ח אוֹתָ֖ם לְשַֽׁחֶתְכֶ֑ם וְרָעָב֙ אֹסֵ֣ף עֲלֵיכֶ֔ם וְשָׁבַרְתִּ֥י לָכֶ֖ם מַטֵּה־לָֽחֶם׃ 17 וְשִׁלַּחְתִּ֣י עֲ֠לֵיכֶם רָעָ֞ב וְחַיָּ֤ה רָעָה֙ וְשִׁכְּלֻ֔ךְ וְדֶ֥בֶר וָדָ֖ם יַעֲבָר־בָּ֑ךְ וְחֶ֙רֶב֙ אָבִ֣יא עָלַ֔יִךְ אֲנִ֥י יְהוָ֖ה דִּבַּֽרְתִּי׃ פ

Vocabulary

Verse 15

            חרפה  noun: “reproach”

גדופה  noun: “taunt” (BDB, 154)

מוסר  noun: “discipline (warning of)” (BDB, 416)

משׁמה  “horror” (BDB, 1031)

שׁפט  noun: “judgment” (BDB, 1048)

חמה  noun: “wrath”

תוכחת  noun: “rebuke” (BDB, 407)

Syntax & Miscellaneous

• The preposition beth (בַּעֲשׂוֹתִי֩) marks a subordinate temporal clause.
• The term, אַף “nose,” connotes the figurative meaning of “anger” in this context in conjunction with the other terms for wrath and rebuke.
• The final clause, דִּבַּֽרְתִּי, is an asyndetic relative clause modifying the previous verbless clause with the divine name.

Vocabulary

Verse 16

            חץ  “arrow”

            משׁחית  noun: “ruin, destruction” (BDB, 1008)

            יסף  verb (Hiphil imperative 1cs apocopate): “add”

Verse 17

שׁכל  verb (Piel waw-consecutive perfect 3cpl with 2ms suffix): “make childless” (BDB, 1013)

            דבר  “plague” (BDB, 184)  

Syntax & Misc.

Verse 16

• In the phrase, חִצֵּי֩ הָרָעָ֨ב הָרָעִ֤ים, the final adjective (mpl) modifies the first noun (mpl) that is in construct with the second element, “famine.”
• The LXX demonstrates the Vorlage חִצַּי (τας βολιδας μου), “my arrows.”
• See my comment on מַטֵּה־לָֽחֶם at Ezekiel 4:16.

Verse 17

• The noun phrase, חַיָּ֤ה רָעָה֙, probably means “wild beasts.”  This idea of wild beasts inheriting the land has deep roots in the MT (cf. Gen. 37:20, 33; Lev. 26:6; Ezek. 14:15; 34:25).

לָכֵ֣ן חַי־אָ֗נִי נְאֻם֮ אֲדֹנָ֣י יְהוִה֒ אִם־לֹ֗א יַ֚עַן אֶת־מִקְדָּשִׁ֣י טִמֵּ֔את בְּכָל־שִׁקּוּצַ֖יִךְ וּבְכָל־תּוֹעֲבֹתָ֑יִךְ וְגַם־אֲנִ֤י אֶגְרַע֙ וְלֹא־תָח֣וֹס עֵינִ֔י וְגַם־אֲנִ֖י לֹ֥א אֶחְמֽוֹל׃ 12 שְׁלִשִׁתֵ֞יךְ בַּדֶּ֣בֶר יָמ֗וּתוּ וּבָֽרָעָב֙ יִכְל֣וּ בְתוֹכֵ֔ךְ וְהַ֨שְּׁלִשִׁ֔ית בַּחֶ֖רֶב יִפְּל֣וּ סְבִיבוֹתָ֑יִךְ וְהַשְּׁלִישִׁית֙ לְכָל־ר֣וּחַ אֱזָרֶ֔ה וְחֶ֖רֶב אָרִ֥יק אַחֲרֵיהֶֽם׃ 13 וְכָלָ֣ה אַפִּ֗י וַהֲנִחוֹתִ֧י חֲמָתִ֛י בָּ֖ם וְהִנֶּחָ֑מְתִּי וְֽיָדְע֞וּ כִּי־אֲנִ֣י יְהוָ֗ה דִּבַּ֙רְתִּי֙ בְּקִנְאָתִ֔י בְּכַלּוֹתִ֥י חֲמָתִ֖י בָּֽם׃ 14 וְאֶתְּנֵךְ֙ לְחָרְבָּ֣ה וּלְחֶרְפָּ֔ה בַּגּוֹיִ֖ם אֲשֶׁ֣ר סְבִיבוֹתָ֑יִךְ לְעֵינֵ֖י כָּל־עוֹבֵֽר׃

Vocabulary

Verse 11

            יען  “because” (purpose)

            שׁקוץ  noun: “detestable thing” (BDB, 1055)

            תועבה  “abomination”

            גרע  verb: “withdraw” (BDB, 175)

            חוס  verb: “have pity” (BDB, 299)

            חמל  verb: “have compassion” (BDB, 328)

Syntax & Miscellaneous

• The expression, חַי־אָ֗נִי, is an oath formula usually rendered “As I live.”
• The subject of the verb, תָח֣וֹס, is עֵינִ֔י my eye (fs with 1cs suffix).

Vocabulary

Verse 12

            דבר  noun: “plague” (BDB, 184)

            זרה verb: “scatter” (BDB, 279)

            ריק  verb: “empty out, draw out (a sword)” (BDB, 937)

Verse 13

            נחם  verb (Hithpael perfect 1cs): “have compassion”

            קנאה  “anger” (BDB, 888)

Verse 14

            חרבה  noun: “ruin, waste” (BDB, 352)

            חרפה  noun: “reproach”

Syntax & Misc.

Verse 12

• GKC 91e states that the pronominal suffix (שְׁלִשִׁתֵ֞יךְ) is a deviant form of the 2fs suffix.

Verse 13

• The first clause, וְכָלָ֣ה אַפִּ֗י (literally meaning: “Then my nose will be spent”), is referring to the completion of God’s anger.
• The taw of the Hithpael assimilates to the nun (GKC 54c).
• The preposition beth, בְּכַלּוֹתִ֥י, is temporal “when.”

Verse 14

• The initial waw is a conjunctive and not a consecutive (cf. GKC 49).

????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ????? ?????????????? ????????? ?????????? ???????????? ???????????????? ?????????? 6 ????????? ???????????????? ??????????? ?????????????? ????????????????? ??????????????? ??????? ?????????????? ????? ?????????????? ???????? ???????????? ???????????? ??????? ?      7 ?????? ???????????? ? ???????? ??????? ?????? ?????????? ?????????????? ??????? ???????????????? ????????????? ???? ??????????? ?????????????????? ???? ?????????? ????????????????? ?????????? ??????? ??????????????? ???? ??????????? ?      8 ?????? ????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ????????? ??????????? ???????????? ?????????? ????????????? ????????? ??????????? 5:9 ???????????? ????? ???? ??????? ??????????????? ?????? ?????????????????????? ???????? ????? ?????? ????????????????????? ?      10 ?????? ??????? ????????? ??????? ??????????? ????????? ????????? ????????? ???????????? ????? ?????????? ??????????? ?????????????????????? ????????????? ?

Vocabulary

Verse 5

            ?????  verb (Qal perfect 1cs with 3fs suffix  ???): “put, set”

Syntax & Miscellaneous

•  The demonstrative pronoun, ?????, is in the predicative position; thus ????? ?????????????? is a verbless clause.
• The proper noun Jerusalem is spelled without a yod before the final mem, ??????????????.  This variance is common and referred to as Kethib Qere perpetuum.
• The last word, ?????????, is a metonymy for “the people in the lands” (i.e. the Canaanites).
• The last two clauses for a simple chiasm (A B – B A):

A                     B                   B                      A

????????? ?????????? ???????????? ???????????????? ?????????

Vocabulary

Verse 6

???  verb (Hiphil imperfect 2fs  ???): “be disobedient or rebellious” (BDB, 598)

?????  “wickedness” (BDB, 958)

???  verb: “reject”

Verse 7

            ???  adverb: “purpose, intention”

            ?????  verb (infinitive): “to rage, murmur” (BDB, 243)

Verse 8

            ?????  “judgments”

Verse 9

            ????  “as, like, when”

            ?????  “abomination”

Verse 10

            ????  “judgment” (BDB, 1048)

            ???  verb: “scatter” (BDB, 279)

            ??????  noun: “remnant”

Syntax & Misc.

Verse 6

• The first clause has a compound object marked by two direct object markers connected with waw.
• The phrase, ???????????, is gapped in the later object phrase.
• The ??? is used as a comparative min, “more than.”
• The antecedent of the 3mpl ?????? suffix is ???????????? ????????????.

Verse 7

• The 3mpl suffix is functioning as the subject of the infinitive, ??????????.
• The final clause, ????????????????? ?????????? ??????? ??????????????? ???? ??????????, provides insight into the extent of Israel’s depravity: “You have not obeyed even the laws of the nations surrounding you.”

Verse 8

• The phrase, ???????? ????????? ???????????, is emphatic: “I am against you.”
• The preposition ?? is used as an adversative.

Verse 9

• The compound objects are the relative clauses marked by the direct object marker, ?? ????  “that which.”

Verse 10

• The verb, ???, is used figuratively to mean “devour.”