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תָּקְע֤וּ בַתָּק֙וֹעַ֙ וְהָכִ֣ין הַכֹּ֔ל וְאֵ֥ין הֹלֵ֖ךְ לַמִּלְחָמָ֑ה כִּ֥י חֲרוֹנִ֖י אֶל־כָּל־הֲמוֹנָֽהּ׃ 15 הַחֶ֣רֶב בַּח֔וּץ וְהַדֶּ֥בֶר וְהָרָעָ֖ב מִבָּ֑יִת אֲשֶׁ֤ר בַּשָּׂדֶה֙ בַּחֶ֣רֶב יָמ֔וּת וַאֲשֶׁ֣ר בָּעִ֔יר רָעָ֥ב וָדֶ֖בֶר יֹאכֲלֶֽנּוּ׃ 16 וּפָֽלְטוּ֙ פְּלִ֣יטֵיהֶ֔ם וְהָי֣וּ אֶל־הֶהָרִ֗ים כְּיוֹנֵ֧י הַגֵּאָי֛וֹת כֻּלָּ֖ם הֹמ֑וֹת אִ֖ישׁ בַּעֲוֹנֽוֹ׃ 17 כָּל־הַיָּדַ֖יִם תִּרְפֶּ֑ינָה וְכָל־בִּרְכַּ֖יִם תֵּלַ֥כְנָה מָּֽיִם׃

Vocabulary

Verse 14

            תקע  verb (Qal perfect 3cpl): “blow”

            תקוע  “a wind instrument (perhaps a trumpet)” (BDB, 1075)

            חרון  “anger” (BDB, 354)

            המון  “multitude, crowd”

Syntax & Miscellaneous

• The Hiphil of כון can mean “fix” or “prepare.”
• The participle, הֹלֵ֖ךְ, is a substantive.

Vocabulary

Verse 15

            חוץ  “outside”

            דֶּבֶר  “plague” (BDB, 184)

Verse 16

            פלט  verb: “escape” (BDB, 812)

            פליט  “fugitive” (BDB, 812)

            יונה  “dove” (BDB, 401)

            גיא  “valley” (BDB, 161)

            המה  verb (Qal participle fpl): “groan, be in a stir or commotion” (BDB, 242)

Verse 17

            רפה  verb: “sink, relax, go limp, lose heart” (BDB, 951)

            ברך  “knee” (BDB, 139)

Syntax & Misc.

Verse 15

• This provides a vivid description of siege warfare.  There is no escape: הַחֶ֣רֶב בַּח֔וּץ וְהַדֶּ֥בֶר וְהָרָעָ֖ב מִבָּ֑יִת   “the sword (figurative of armed men) is outside and plague and famine are within the house.”
• The word, אשׁר, serves as a relative particle—“who, what, where, that, which, etc.”

Verse 17

• The word pair, יד and ברך, is used to say that all human attempts/efforts will be thwarted and rendered useless in light of the coming day of judgment.

הִנֵּ֥ה הַיּ֖וֹם הִנֵּ֣ה בָאָ֑ה יָֽצְאָה֙ הַצְּפִרָ֔ה צָ֚ץ הַמַּטֶּ֔ה פָּרַ֖ח הַזָּדֽוֹן׃ 11 הֶחָמָ֥ס ׀ קָ֖ם לְמַטֵּה־רֶ֑שַׁע לֹא־מֵהֶ֞ם וְלֹ֧א מֵהֲמוֹנָ֛ם וְלֹ֥א מֶהֱמֵהֶ֖ם וְלֹא־נֹ֥הַּ בָּהֶֽם׃ 12 בָּ֤א הָעֵת֙ הִגִּ֣יעַ הַיּ֔וֹם הַקּוֹנֶה֙ אַל־יִשְׂמָ֔ח וְהַמּוֹכֵ֖ר אַל־יִתְאַבָּ֑ל כִּ֥י חָר֖וֹן אֶל־כָּל־הֲמוֹנָֽהּ׃ 13 כִּ֣י הַמּוֹכֵ֗ר אֶל־הַמִּמְכָּר֙ לֹ֣א יָשׁ֔וּב וְע֥וֹד בַּחַיִּ֖ים חַיָּתָ֑ם כִּֽי־חָז֤וֹן אֶל־כָּל־הֲמוֹנָהּ֙ לֹ֣א יָשׁ֔וּב וְאִ֧ישׁ בַּעֲוֹנ֛וֹ חַיָּת֖וֹ לֹ֥א יִתְחַזָּֽקוּ׃

Vocabulary

Verse 10

            צפירה  “doom” (BDB, 862)

            צוץ  verb: “blossom” (BDB, 847)

            פרח  verb: “bud, sprout” (BDB, 827)

            זדון  “insolence, arrogance” (BDB, 268)

Syntax & Miscellaneous

• See comment on Ezekiel 7:6 concerning the phrase, הִנֵּ֣ה בָאָ֑ה.
• The final four words make up two verbless clauses of two words each with typologies P-S.
• Asyndeton is used either to be explanative (or in a poetic structure).

Vocabulary

Verse 11

            חמס  “violence”

            רשׁע  “wickedness” (BDB, 957)

            מהמון  “abundance, wealth, murmur, crowd”

            מהמהם  “wealth” (BDB, 241)

            נה  “distinction” (BDB, 627)

Verse 12

            נגע  verb (Hiphil perfect 3ms): “arrive, reach”

            קנה  “owner” (BDB, 888)

            שֹמח  verb (Qal jussive 3ms): “be glad, rejoice”

            מוכר  “seller”

            אבל  verb (Hithpael jussive 3ms): “mourn” (BDB, 5)

            חרון  “anger” (BDB, 354)

Verse 13

            ממץר  “merchandise” (BDB, 569)

            חיה  “life” (BDB, 312)

            חזון  “vision” (BDB, 302)

            חזק  verb (Hithpaal imperfect 3mpl): “strengthen oneself”

Syntax & Misc.

Verse 11

• The verbal idea of the second half of this verse is “there will not be לֹא־מֵהֶ֞ם וְלֹ֧א מֵהֲמוֹנָ֛ם וְלֹ֥א מֶהֱמֵהֶ֖ם וְלֹא־נֹ֥הַּ בָּהֶֽם among them.”

Verse 12

• The negative, לֹא, is used with indicative verbs; whereas, the negative, אַל, is used with jussives only.

Verse 13

• The conjunctive, וְע֥וֹד, is used temporally “while, when.”
• The beth preposition, בַּחַיִּ֖ים, can mean “among.”
• The final verb, יִתְחַזָּֽקוּ, takes a (possibly collective) singular subject, אִישׁ.

 כֹּ֥ה אָמַ֖ר אֲדֹנָ֣י יְהוִ֑ה רָעָ֛ה אַחַ֥ת רָעָ֖ה הִנֵּ֥ה בָאָֽה׃ 6 קֵ֣ץ בָּ֔א בָּ֥א הַקֵּ֖ץ הֵקִ֣יץ אֵלָ֑יִךְ הִנֵּ֖ה בָּאָֽה׃ 7 בָּ֧אָה הַצְּפִירָ֛ה אֵלֶ֖יךָ יוֹשֵׁ֣ב הָאָ֑רֶץ בָּ֣א הָעֵ֗ת קָר֛וֹב הַיּ֥וֹם מְהוּמָ֖ה וְלֹא־הֵ֥ד הָרִֽים׃ 8 עַתָּ֣ה מִקָּר֗וֹב אֶשְׁפּ֤וֹךְ חֲמָתִי֙ עָלַ֔יִךְ וְכִלֵּיתִ֤י אַפִּי֙ בָּ֔ךְ וּשְׁפַטְתִּ֖יךְ כִּדְרָכָ֑יִךְ וְנָתַתִּ֣י עָלַ֔יִךְ אֵ֖ת כָּל־תּוֹעֲבוֹתָֽיִךְ׃ 9 וְלֹא־תָח֥וֹס עֵינִ֖י וְלֹ֣א אֶחְמ֑וֹל כִּדְרָכַ֜יִךְ עָלַ֣יִךְ אֶתֵּ֗ן וְתוֹעֲבוֹתַ֙יִךְ֙ בְּתוֹכֵ֣ךְ תִּֽהְיֶ֔יןָ וִֽידַעְתֶּ֕ם כִּ֛י אֲנִ֥י יְהוָ֖ה מַכֶּֽה׃

Vocabulary

Verse 5

            אחת  adjective (feminine form of אחד): “one, each, first, a (as indefinite article)”

Syntax & Miscellaneous

• See grammar note on Exodus 5:1 for further discussion of the introductory phrase, כֹּ֥ה אָמַ֖ר אֲדֹנָ֣י יְהוִ֑ה.

Vocabulary

Verse 6

            קץ  noun: “disaster, evil”

            קיץ  verb (Hiphil perfect 3ms): “awake” (BDB, 884)

Verse 7

            צפירה  uncertain meaning, perhaps “doom” (BDB, 862)

            קרוב  “near”

            מהומה  “tumult, panic” (BDB, 223)

            הד  “shouting, cheer” (BDB, 212)

Verse 8

            שׁפך  verb (Hiphil imperfect 1cs): “pour out”

            חמה  noun: “wrath, anger”

            כלה  verb (Piel waw-consecutive perfect 1cs): “bring to an end (my anger)”

Verse 9

            חוס  verb: “pity, look with compassion upon” (BDB, 299)

            חמל  verb: “have compassion” (BDB, 328)

Syntax & Misc.

Verse 6

• Verse five and six end with the same two words, הִנֵּ֖ה בָּאָֽה.  This is a common idiom in Ezekiel that guarantees the surety of a future event (Ezekiel 7:10, 21:12, 30:9, 33:33, 39:8; also Jeremiah 10:22).
• The fs participle, בָּאָֽה, refers to the feminine pharse אַחַ֥ת רָעָ֖ה.

Verse 7

• The participial phrase is substantive, יוֹשֵׁ֣ב הָאָ֑רֶץ “dwellers of the land.”
• The last two clauses are verbless, קָר֛וֹב הַיּ֥וֹם  “the day is near” and מְהוּמָ֖ה וְלֹא־הֵ֥ד הָרִֽים “tumult rather than cheer will be [on] the mountains.”

Verse 8

• The adverbial, מִקָּר֗וֹב, could be understood temporally (“shortly”) or spatially (“from near-by”).
• See comment on אף from Ezekiel 7:3.

Verse 9

• This verse is exactly parallel to verse four with the exception of three words:  (1) v. 4 specifies on whom the Lord compassion will not be, עָלַ֖יִךְ, (2) v. 4 uses the word כִּ֣י instead of a kaf preposition and (3) v. 9 adds the Hiphil participle,מַכֶּֽה.

וַיְהִ֥י דְבַר־יְהוָ֖ה אֵלַ֥י לֵאמֹֽר׃ 2 וְאַתָּ֣ה בֶן־אָדָ֗ם כֹּה־אָמַ֞ר אֲדֹנָ֧י יְהוִ֛ה לְאַדְמַ֥ת יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל קֵ֑ץ בָּ֣א הַקֵּ֔ץ עַל־[אַרְבַּעַת] כַּנְפ֥וֹת הָאָֽרֶץ׃ 3 עַתָּה֙ הַקֵּ֣ץ עָלַ֔יִךְ וְשִׁלַּחְתִּ֤י אַפִּי֙ בָּ֔ךְ וּשְׁפַטְתִּ֖יךְ כִּדְרָכָ֑יִךְ וְנָתַתִּ֣י עָלַ֔יִךְ אֵ֖ת כָּל־תּוֹעֲבֹתָֽיִךְ׃ 4 וְלֹא־תָח֥וֹס עֵינִ֛י עָלַ֖יִךְ וְלֹ֣א אֶחְמ֑וֹל כִּ֣י דְרָכַ֜יִךְ עָלַ֣יִךְ אֶתֵּ֗ן וְתוֹעֲבוֹתַ֙יִךְ֙ בְּתוֹכֵ֣ךְ תִּֽהְיֶ֔יןָ וִידַעְתֶּ֖ם כִּֽי־אֲנִ֥י יְהוָֽה׃ פ

Vocabulary

Verse 1 & 2

            קץ  noun: “end”

            כנף  noun: “wing, extremity”

Syntax & Miscellaneous

• The first verse is the typical Ezekielian formula to initiate a divine revelatory word or sign act (cf. 3:16, 6:1, 7:1, 11:14, 12:1, 17, 21, 26, 13:1, 14:2, 12, 15:1,16:1, 17:1, 11;,18:1, 20:2, 21:1, 6, 13, 23, 22:1, 17, 23, 23:1, 24:15, 25:1, 27:1, 28:1, 11, 20, 30:1, 33:1, 23, 34:1, 35:1, 36:16, 37:15, 38:1; also in Jeremiah 1:4, 11, 2:1, 13:8, 16:1, 24:4; Zechariah 4:8, 6:9).
• The lamed, לְאַדְמַ֥ת, is adversative, “against the land of.”
• The message is initiated by a one word condemnation: קֵץ “end.”  The phrase following is asyndetically connected to this pronouncement as explanative of this degree (epexegetical).
• Qere: אַרְבַּ֖ע.  The Kethib witnesses a construct form; whereas, the Qere is simply an adjective.

Vocabulary

Verse 3

            תועבה  noun (fs construct with 2fs suffix): “abomination”

Verse 4

            חוס  verb: “pity, look upon with compassion” (BDB, 299)

            חמל  verb: “spare, have compassion upon” (BDB, 328)

            תהיין  verb (Qal imperfect 3fpl from היה)

Syntax & Misc.

Verse 3

• The phrase, הַקֵּ֣ץ עָלַ֔יִךְ, is a verbless clause of the typology, S-P.
• The word אף literally refers to one’s nose or nostril.  However, in light of several  idioms that reference the nose as the indicator of anger [to be patient or not easily angered is to be  אֶ֥רֶךְ אַפַּ֖יִם “long of nose” (Exodus 34:6; Numbers 14:18; Nehemiah 9:17; Psalms 86:15, 103:8, 145:8; Proverb 14:29; 16:32; Joel 2:13; Jonah 4:2; Nahum 1:3); to burn with anger is חֲר֥וֹן אַף “burning of nose” (Genesis 30:2, 39:19; Exodus 4:14, 22:23, 32:10, 32:11); to be prone to anger is בַּ֣עַל אָ֑ף “owner of nose” (Proverbs 22:24)], it figuratively can mean “anger.”

Verse 4

• Be careful not to conflate the vowel and accent of the last syllable of עֵינִ֛י.  The final vowel is not a sere, but a hireq with the disjunctive accent tebir.  Hence, it is the subject of the clause.

כֹּֽה־אָמַ֞ר אֲדֹנָ֣י יְהוִ֗ה הַכֵּ֨ה בְכַפְּךָ֜ וּרְקַ֤ע בְּרַגְלְךָ֙ וֶֽאֱמָר־אָ֔ח אֶ֛ל כָּל־תּוֹעֲב֥וֹת רָע֖וֹת בֵּ֣ית יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל אֲשֶׁ֗ר בַּחֶ֛רֶב בָּרָעָ֥ב וּבַדֶּ֖בֶר יִפֹּֽלוּ׃ 12 הָרָח֞וֹק בַּדֶּ֣בֶר יָמ֗וּת וְהַקָּרוֹב֙ בַּחֶ֣רֶב יִפּ֔וֹל וְהַנִּשְׁאָר֙ וְהַנָּצ֔וּר בָּרָעָ֖ב יָמ֑וּת וְכִלֵּיתִ֥י חֲמָתִ֖י בָּֽם׃ 13 וִֽידַעְתֶּם֙ כִּֽי־אֲנִ֣י יְהוָ֔ה בִּֽהְי֣וֹת חַלְלֵיהֶ֗ם בְּתוֹךְ֙ גִּלּ֣וּלֵיהֶ֔ם סְבִיב֖וֹת מִזְבְּחֽוֹתֵיהֶ֑ם אֶל֩ כָּל־גִּבְעָ֨ה רָמָ֜ה בְּכֹ֣ל ׀ רָאשֵׁ֣י הֶהָרִ֗ים וְתַ֨חַת כָּל־עֵ֤ץ רַֽעֲנָן֙ וְתַ֙חַת֙ כָּל־אֵלָ֣ה עֲבֻתָּ֔ה מְק֗וֹם אֲשֶׁ֤ר נָֽתְנוּ־שָׁם֙ רֵ֣יחַ נִיחֹ֔חַ לְכֹ֖ל גִּלּוּלֵיהֶֽם׃ 14 וְנָטִ֤יתִי אֶת־יָדִי֙ עֲלֵיהֶ֔ם וְנָתַתִּ֨י אֶת־הָאָ֜רֶץ שְׁמָמָ֤ה וּמְשַׁמָּה֙ מִמִּדְבַּ֣ר דִּבְלָ֔תָה בְּכֹ֖ל מוֹשְׁבֽוֹתֵיהֶ֑ם וְיָדְע֖וּ כִּֽי־אֲנִ֥י יְהוָֽה׃ פ

Vocabulary

Verse 11

            רקע  verb: “stomp down” (BDB, 222)

            אח  interjection: “Ah, Alas” (BDB, 25)

            דבר  noun: “plague” (BDB, 184)

Syntax & Miscellaneous

•  The Hiphil imperative נכה usually refers to hitting or smiting something or someone; however with the word hands/palms in this context as well as other places in Ezekiel it means “to clap.”
• The preposition אֶל is causal “because of.”

Vocabulary

Verse 12

            רחק  adjective: “distant”

            כלה  verb: “complete”

            חמה  “wrath”

Verse 13

            גלול  noun: “idol” (BDB, 165)

            גבעה  “hill”

            רם  “high” (BDB, 926)

            רענן  “fresh” (BDB, 947)

            אלה  “terebinth” (BDB, 18)

            עבות  “leafy” (BDB, 721)

            ניחח  “soothing” (BDB, 629)

Verse 14

            נטה  verb: “stretch out”

            משׁמה  “destruction” (BDB, 1031)

            דבלתה  name: “Diblah”

            מושׁב  “dwelling place” (BDB, 44)

Syntax & Misc.

Verse 12

• The adjectives, רחק and קרב, are substantives.

Verse 13

• Compare, וִֽידַעְתֶּם֙ כִּֽי־אֲנִ֣י יְהוָ֔ה, to verse seven and ten and fourteen.
• The phrase, רָאשֵׁ֣י הֶהָרִ֗ים, refers to the top of the mountains.
• This verse describes the place on which they sacrificed their offerings.
• See Leviticus (1:13, 17; 2:2, 9; 3:5; 6:8, 14; 23:13, 18) for more references to רֵ֣יחַ נִיחֹ֔חַ “soothing aroma.”