Vocabulary

Verse 15

            תועבה  “abomination”

Syntax & Miscellaneous

• The מִן preposition is used as the comparative—“more than.”

Vocabulary

Verse 16

            חצר  “courtyard”

            פנימי  “inner” (BDB, 819)

            פתה  “door, opening”

            אולם  “porch” (BDB, 17)

            אחור  “back” (BDB, 30)

            קדם  “eastward” (BDB, 870)

            שׁמשׁ  “sun”

Verse 17

            קלל  verb (Niphal perfect 3ms): “too slight, too small” (sequenced with מִן)

            יהודה  name: “Judah”

            תועבה  “abomination”

            פה  “here” (BDB, 805)

            חמס  “violence”

כעס  verb (Hiphil infinitive construct w/ 1cs suffix): “be vexed, provoked to anger”

            זמורה  “small branch” (BDB, 274)

Verse 18

            חמה  noun: “wrath”

            חוס  verb (Qal imperfect 3fs): “look upon with compassion, pity” (BDB, 299)

            חמל  verb: “spare, have compassion” (BDB, 328)

Syntax & Misc.

Verse 16

• The adjective, הַפְּנִימִית֒, is modifying חצר.  Adjectives must agree in gender, number and definiteness.  חצר is mostly feminine in the MT, each is singular and it is considered definite because it is in construct with a proper noun בית־יהוה.
• The sequencing of בין …בין is used to mark between … and ….
• The meaning of the word, אולם “porch,” is obscure.  The Theological Wordbook of the Old Testament says it “occurs mainly in 1 Kings and Ezekiel as part of a temple or palace. Apparently it was an enclosed porch or entrance hall, since it could have windows (Ezekiel 41:26) and is compared to a palace (1 Kings 7:8)” (Harris, et al., TWOT, 45j).
• The kaf inseparable preposition can function to give approximate numbers, כְּעֶשְׂרִ֥ים וַחֲמִשָּׁ֖ה אִ֑ישׁ “about twenty-five men.”
• The final clause, וְהֵ֛מָּה מִשְׁתַּחֲוִיתֶ֥ם קֵ֖דְמָה לַשָּֽׁמֶשׁ, is periphrastic without an extant, finite היה verb.  קדמה is functioning adverbial demonstrating to what direction they are bowing down in worship.

Verse 17

• An interrogative he is prefixed to the verb, הֲנָקֵל֙.
• The final clause is periphrastic without an extant היה verb.
• The expression, שֹׁלְחִ֥ים אֶת־הַזְּמוֹרָ֖ה אֶל־אַפָּֽם, probably indicates some type of idolatrous worship rite.

Verse 18

• The subject of the verb חוס is the feminine noun, עין.
• The phrase, ק֣וֹל גָּד֔וֹל, is functioning adverbially “with a great voice.”

Vocabulary

Verse 7

            פתח  “opening, door”

            חצר  “courtyard”

            חר  “hole” (BDB, 359)

            קיר  “wall” (BDB, 885)

Syntax & Miscellaneous

• The causative usage (Hiphil stem) of בוא is “cause to go” or “bring.”

Vocabulary

Verse 8

            חתר  verb (Qal imperative ms): “dig” (BDB, 369)

            קיר  “wall” (BDB, 885)

Verse 9

            תועבה  “abomination”

            פה  adverb: “here” (BDB, 805)

Verse 10

            תבנית  “image” (BDB, 125)

            רמשֹ  “creeping things” (BDB, 943)

            שׁקץ  “detestable” (BDB, 1054)

            גלול  “idol” (BDB, 165)

            חקה  verb (Pual participle ms): “carved” (BDB, 348)

            קיר  “wall” (BDB, 885)

Verse 11

            יאזניהו  name: “Jaazaniah”

            שׁפן  name: “Shaphan”

            מקטרת  “censer” (BDB, 883)

            עתר  “odor” (BDB, 801)

            ענן  “cloud, smoke” (BDB, 777)

            קטרת  “smoke of sacrifice”

Verse 12

            חשׁך  “darkness”

            חדר  “chamber” (BDB, 293)

            משֹכית  “figure, idol” (BDB, 967)

            עזב  verb: “forsake”

Verse 13

            תועבה  “abomination”

Verse 14

            תמוז  “Tammuz”

Syntax & Misc.

Verse 8

• The adjective אחד can be used indeterminately that is as indefinite article “a(n)” (also Exodus 16:33; Judges 9:53, 13:2; 1 Samuel 1:1, 7:9, 12; 1 Kings 13:11, 19:4, 20:13, 22:9; 2 Kings 4:1, 8:6, 12:10; Daniel 8:3, 10:5; cf. GKC 125b).

Verse 9

• The periphrastic clause, הֵ֥ם עֹשִׂ֖ים, implies the finite verb היה.

Verse 10

• The repetition of סָבִ֥יב סָבִֽיב heightens the adverbial clause—“on every side” (also 2 Chronicles 4:3; cf. BDB, 686).

Verse 11

• The initial waw is disjunctive, “now.”
• The matrix clause begins with the subject ( וְשִׁבְעִ֣ים אִ֣ישׁ מִזִּקְנֵ֣י בֵֽית־יִ֠שְׂרָאֵל), which is interrupted by a subordinate clause marked by another disjunctive waw, and ends with the predicate (עֹמְדִ֣ים לִפְנֵיהֶ֔ם):

 וְשִׁבְעִ֣ים אִ֣ישׁ מִזִּקְנֵ֣י בֵֽית־יִ֠שְׂרָאֵל

 [וְיַאֲזַנְיָ֨הוּ בֶן־שָׁפָ֜ן עֹמֵ֤ד בְּתוֹכָם֙]

 עֹמְדִ֣ים לִפְנֵיהֶ֔

• The second clause, וְאִ֥ישׁ מִקְטַרְתּ֖וֹ בְּיָד֑וֹ, is verbless with the typology S-P.

Verse 12

• The direct speech begins with the interrogative he, הֲרָאִ֣יתָ.
• The preceding clause is explained by the asyndetic verbless clause (S-P),אִ֖ישׁ בְּחַדְרֵ֣י מַשְׂכִּית֑וֹ.
• The speech of the elders is initiated with only the participle, אֹמְרִ֗ים, implying the pronoun הֵמָּה (GKC, 116s; extant in verse 13).
• The idea of God not seeing is further explicated as abandonment (עזב) in the following epexegetical clause.

Verse 13

• The two verbs, תָּשׁ֥וּב תִּרְאֶ֛ה, even though morphologically imperfects continue the imperative mood of the previous commands in verse 12.

Verse 14

• Notice the progression into the temple from the courtyard (verse 7:וַיָּבֵ֥א אֹתִ֖י אֶל־פֶּ֣תַח הֶֽחָצֵ֑ר) to the gate (verse 14: וַיָּבֵ֣א אֹתִ֗י אֶל־פֶּ֙תַח֙ שַׁ֣עַר).
• The phrase, מְבַכּ֖וֹת אֶת־הַתַּמּֽוּז “weeping the Tammuz,” is probably referring to a common ANE ritual concerning the Babylonian shepherd god (see Wiki).  Excerpt from ::amazon(1590161211,“Descent of the Goddess Ishtar into the Lower World”):: (Morris Jastrow, available on Sacred Texts):

If she (Ishtar) will not grant thee her release,

To Tammuz, the lover of her youth,

Pour out pure waters, pour out fine oil;

With a festival garment deck him that he may play on the flute of lapis lazuli,

That the votaries may cheer his liver. [his spirit]

Belili [sister of Tammuz] had gathered the treasure,

With precious stones filled her bosom.

When Belili heard the lament of her brother, she dropped her treasure,

She scattered the precious stones before her,

"Oh, my only brother, do not let me perish!

On the day when Tammuz plays for me on the flute of lapis lazuli, playing it for me with the porphyry ring.

Together with him, play ye for me, ye weepers and lamenting women!

That the dead may rise up and inhale the incense.

Vocabulary

Verse 1

            שׁשׁי  cardinal number: “sixth” (BDB, 995)

            יהודה  name: “Judah”

Syntax & Miscellaneous

• The phrase, בחמשׁה לחדשׁ “on the fifth of the month,” refers to the fifth day (seen elsewhere in Ezekiel 1:1, 1:2, 33:21).
• The sequencing, אֲנִי֙ יוֹשֵׁ֣ב, is a periphrastic clause without an extant היה verb.
• The form of the preposition with the 1cs pronominal suffix is not עָלִי but עָלַי֙.  There is no plural form of this suffix.  Other forms of the 1cs suffix are עֲלַי only found in Daniel (4 times) and עָלָי the pausal form.  The word, עֲלִי, is the Qal imperative fs form of עלה “ascend, go up.”
• The appellation, אֲדֹנָ֥י יְהוִֹֽה, is not very common outside of the book of Ezekiel only occurring five times (1 Kings 2:26; Psalm 140:8; Isaiah 50:4; Jeremiah 1:6, 7:20); however, it is used twenty-four times in Ezekiel (2:4, 3:11, 27, 5:5, 8:1, 12:10, 13:16, 14:21, 23, 16:36, 17:9, 20:39, 21:33, 22:31, 23:32, 24:6, 14, 26:21, 28:2, 30:22, 33:25, 39:17, 43:27, 46:16).

Vocabulary

Verse 2

            דמות  “likeness” (BDB, 198)

            מראה  “appearance”

            מתנים  “loins” (BDB, 608)

            מטה  “downward” (BDB, 641)

            מעלה  “upward” (BDB, )

            זהר  “brightness” (BDB, 264)

            חשׁמל  “amber” (BDB, 365)

Verse 3

            תבנית  noun (fs): “structure, form, pattern” (BDB, 125)

            ציצת  “lock (of hair)” (BDB, 851)

            מראה  “vision” (BDB, 909)

            פנימי  “inner” (BDB, 819)

            פנה  verb (Qal participle ms): “turning, facing”

            צפון  “north”

            מושׁב  noun: “assembly, seat” (BDB, 444)

            סמל  “image, idol” (BDB, 702)

            קנאה  “jealousy” (BDB, 888)

            קנא  verb (Hiphil participle ms): “jealousy” (BDB, 888)

Verse 4

            מראה  “appearance”

            בקעה  “valley, plain” (BDB, 132)

Verse 5

            צפון  “north”

            סמל  “image, idol” (BDB, 702)

            קנאה  “jealousy” (BDB, 888)

            באה  “entrance” (BDB, 99)

Verse 6

            תועבה  “abomination”

            רחק  “be distant, far off” (BDB, 934)

            מקדשׁ  “sanctuary” (BDB, 874)

Syntax & Misc.

Verse 2

• The word דמות is used only 25 times in the MT, ten of which are found in the vision of God in the first chapter of Ezekiel.
• The final phrase, כְּעֵ֥ין הַחַשְׁמַֽלָה, is meant to explain the “appearance of brightness.”  עין normally is translated “eye,” but it could mean the eye of a gemstone (cf. Ezekiel 1).
• The final he of חשׁמל is most likely a result of a pausal structure (cf. GKC 90f).

Verse 3

• The רוח “spirit, wind” is the subject of feminine verb נשׁה.
• The sequencing of בין…בין is used to indicate “between this and that.”
• The final ה attached to ירושׁלים is a directive he.
• The form of the final participle מקנה simulates the III-ה verb (GKC 75qq).
• The final word is an asyndetic relative clause, “which provokes (causes) jealousy.”

Verse 4

• The glory to which he refers was seen by the Chebar canal in Babylon (Ezekiel 1).

Verse 5

• שׁא is the Qal imperative ms of נשׁא “lift up.”  It is used often with the direct object עין “eye” to mean idiomatically “look and see [something important].”
• The directive he is found again attached to צפונה “to the north.”

Verse 6

• Qere: מָ֣ה הֵ֣ם.  The Kethib conflates these two particles and drops the repeated he.
• The verb, קחל, sequenced with מעל means to be distant spiritually and not physically.  This is used metaphorically of Israel’s non-Yahwistic worship.

Vocabulary

Verse 23

            רתוק  “chain” (BDB, 958)

            חמס  “violence, wrong”

Syntax & Miscellaneous

• The first verb is an imperative.
• The word, רתוק, is a ::glossary(hapax legomenon):: (only occurs once in MT).  The meaning is based on the verbal root, רתק, meaning “put in fetters (bonds).”  Following Ezekiel 16:20 (וְהֶעֱל֤וּ עָלַ֙יִךְ֙ קָהָ֔ל וְרָגְמ֥וּ אוֹתָ֖ךְ בָּאָ֑בֶן וּבִתְּק֖וּךְ בְּחַרְבוֹתָֽם) and possibly LXX φυρμόν “disorder, mixture,” BHS suggests the textual emendation, בתוק “cut pieces.”  However, this unattested suggestion is dubious at best with the Targum reading “chain” (שׁילשׁלן) and Vulgate “bondage, shutting up” (conclusionem).
• The subjects of the verb, מלא, are feminine singular—ארץ and עיר.

Vocabulary

Verse 24

            ירשׁ  verb: “possess”

            גאון  “pride” (BDB, 144)

            עז  “strong, mighty” (BDB, 738)

            שׁבת  verb (Hiphil waw-consecutive perfect 1cs): “remove”

            חלל  verb (Niphal waw-consecutive perfect 3cpl): “be profaned”

Verse 25

            קפדה  “shuddering, horror” (BDB, 891)

Verse 26

            הוה  noun (fs): “ruin, disaster” (BDB, 217)

            שׁמועה  noun: “report” (BDB, 1035)

            חזון  “vision” (BDB, 302)

            אבד  verb (Qal imperfect 3fs): “be lost”

Verse 27

            לבשׁ  verb: “put on, clothe”

            שׁממה  “waste, devastation”

            אבל  verb: “mourn” (BDB, 5)

            בהל  verb (Niphal imperfect 3fpl): “be disturbed, terrified” (BDB, 96)

Syntax & Misc.

Verse 24

• BDB suggests that the plural connotes superlative degree, רָעֵ֣י גוֹיִ֔ם “worst of the nations.”

Verse 25

• The waw (וּבִקְשׁ֥וּ שָׁל֖וֹם) is temporal, “when.”

Verse 26

• The formula, x על x (parallel to x אֵל x), as in הוָֹ֤ה עַל־הוָֹה֙ is an intensive or durative idea.  Other occurrences include Psalm 69:28 (תְּֽנָה־עָ֭וֹן עַל־עֲוֹנָ֑ם), Psalm 61:7; 2 Chronicles 21:15 (יָמִים עַל יָמִים) and Job 16:14 (יפְרְצֵנִי פֶרֶץ עַל־פְּנֵי־פָ֑רֶץ).
• The waw, וְתוֹרָה֙, is disjunctive “but” (waw + nonverb).
• What an indictment to say that the prophets have lost their vision, the priests the law and the elders counsel!

Verse 27

• This is the only reference to the leaders (or any of the people) being a desolation שׁממה; elsewhere it is only the land that is laid waste (cf. Leviticus 26:33; Isaiah 1:7, 6:11, 17:9, 62:4, 64:9; Jeremiah 4:27, 6:8, 9:10, 10:22, 12:10, 32:43, 34:22, 49:2, 33, 50:13; Lamentations 1:13; Ezekiel 6:14, 12:20, 14:15, 15:8, 29:10, 12, 32:15, 33:28, 35:3, 12, 14, 36:34; Joel 2:3, 4:19; Micah 1:7; Malachi 1:3).
• The prophetic promise, יָדְע֖וּ כִּֽי־אֲנִ֥י יְהוָֽה, is used when the Lord makes himself known to unbelievers by sending judgment (first found in Exodus 6:7, 7:5, 10:2, 14:4, 18, 16:12, 29:46; also see 1 Kings 20:13, 28; Isaiah 49:23, 26, 60:16; Jeremiah 9:23; Joel 4:17).  It is found ubiquitously in Ezekiel (cf. 5:13; 6:7, 10, 13ff; 7:4, 9, 27; 11:10, 12; 12:15ff, 20; 13:14, 21, 23; 14:8; 15:7; 16:62; 17:21; 20:38, 42, 44; 21:10; 22:16, 22; 24:27; 25:5, 7, 11, 17; 26:6; 28:22f, 26; 29:9, 21; 30:8, 19, 25ff; 32:15; 33:29; 34:27, 30; 35:4, 9, 12, 15; 36:11, 23, 38; 37:6, 13ff, 28; 38:23; 39:6ff, 22, 28).

Vocabulary

Verse 18

            חגר  verb: “bind on” (BDB, 291)

            שֹק  “sackcloth” (BDB, 974)

            כסה  verb (Piel perfect 3fs): “cover”

            פלצות  noun (fs): “shuddering” (BDB, 814)

            בושׁה  “shame” (BDB, 102)

            קרחה  “baldness” (BDB, 901)

Syntax & Miscellaneous

• The feminine noun, פַּלָּצ֑וּת, is the subject of the clause.  Other uses of this term as shuddering or horror in the MT include: Job 21:6; Psalm 55:6; Isaiah 21:4.
• The final two clauses, separated by waw, are verbless of typology P-S.
• This verse describes the mourning practices of a people under the peril of divine judgment.

Vocabulary

Verse 19

            חוץ  “street (or outside)”

            נדה  “impure thing” (BDB, 622)

            נצל  verb (Hiphil infinitive construct with 3mpl suffix): “save, deliver”

            עברה  “rage, fury” (BDB, 720)

            מעה  “stomach” (BDB, 588)

            מכשׁול  “stumbling block” (BDB, 506)

Verse 20

            צבי  “beauty” (BDB, 840)

            עדי  “ornaments” (BDB, 725)

            גאון  “exaltation, pride” (BDB, 144)

            צלם  “image” (BDB, 853)

            תועבה  “abomination”

            שׁקוץ  “detested thing (idol)” (BDB, 622)

            נדה  “impure thing” (BDB, 622)

Verse 21

            זר  “stranger, foreigner”

            בז  “spoiling, robbery” (BDB, 103)

            שׁלל  “spoil, booty”

            חלל  verb: “profane, defile”

Verse 22

            סבב  verb (Hiphil waw-consecutive perfect 1cs): “turn away”

            צפון  “treasured place” (BDB, 860)

            פריץ  “violent one” (BDB, 829)

Syntax & Misc.

Verse 19

• Notice the division of the word pair, כסף וזהב, into two separate lines.
• The lack of a typical clause connector (asyndeton) before כַּסְפָּ֨ם וּזְהָבָ֜ם לֹֽא־יוּכַ֣ל לְהַצִּילָ֗ם marks an epexegetical clause that is it explains what is meant by the people casting their money into the streets, etc.
• See the connection to Zephaniah 1:18: גַּם־כַּסְפָּ֙ם גַּם־זְהָבָ֜ם לֹֽא־יוּכַ֣ל לְהַצִּילָ֗ם בְּיוֹם֙ עֶבְרַ֣ת יְהוָ֔ה.
• This clause, מִכְשׁ֥וֹל עֲוֹנָ֖ם הָיָֽה, is the contrapositive of Psalm 119:165:שָׁל֣וֹם רָ֭ב לְאֹהֲבֵ֣י תוֹרָתֶ֑ךָ וְאֵֽין־לָ֥מוֹ מִכְשֽׁוֹל.  See also Ezekiel 3:20.

Verse 20

• The object phrase, צְבִ֤י עֶדְיוֹ֙, is fronted.
• The relation between the two fronted phrases, צַלְמֵ֧י תוֹעֲבֹתָ֛ם שִׁקּוּצֵיהֶ֖ם, could be conjunctive (“their imagines of abomination and their detestable things [i.e. idols]”) or appositional (“their imagines of abomination that is idols”).
• The phrase, עַל־כֵּ֛ן, means “therefore.”

Verse 21

• Qere: וְחִלְּלֽוּהוּ.

Verse 22

• The 3fs suffix, בָ֥הּ, refers to the צפון “treasured (secret) place.”

Vocabulary

Verse 14

            תקע  verb (Qal perfect 3cpl): “blow”

            תקוע  “a wind instrument (perhaps a trumpet)” (BDB, 1075)

            חרון  “anger” (BDB, 354)

            המון  “multitude, crowd”

Syntax & Miscellaneous

• The Hiphil of כון can mean “fix” or “prepare.”
• The participle, הֹלֵ֖ךְ, is a substantive.

Vocabulary

Verse 15

            חוץ  “outside”

            דֶּבֶר  “plague” (BDB, 184)

Verse 16

            פלט  verb: “escape” (BDB, 812)

            פליט  “fugitive” (BDB, 812)

            יונה  “dove” (BDB, 401)

            גיא  “valley” (BDB, 161)

            המה  verb (Qal participle fpl): “groan, be in a stir or commotion” (BDB, 242)

Verse 17

            רפה  verb: “sink, relax, go limp, lose heart” (BDB, 951)

            ברך  “knee” (BDB, 139)

Syntax & Misc.

Verse 15

• This provides a vivid description of siege warfare.  There is no escape: הַחֶ֣רֶב בַּח֔וּץ וְהַדֶּ֥בֶר וְהָרָעָ֖ב מִבָּ֑יִת   “the sword (figurative of armed men) is outside and plague and famine are within the house.”
• The word, אשׁר, serves as a relative particle—“who, what, where, that, which, etc.”

Verse 17

• The word pair, יד and ברך, is used to say that all human attempts/efforts will be thwarted and rendered useless in light of the coming day of judgment.

Vocabulary

Verse 10

            צפירה  “doom” (BDB, 862)

            צוץ  verb: “blossom” (BDB, 847)

            פרח  verb: “bud, sprout” (BDB, 827)

            זדון  “insolence, arrogance” (BDB, 268)

Syntax & Miscellaneous

• See comment on Ezekiel 7:6 concerning the phrase, הִנֵּ֣ה בָאָ֑ה.
• The final four words make up two verbless clauses of two words each with typologies P-S.
• Asyndeton is used either to be explanative (or in a poetic structure).

Vocabulary

Verse 11

            חמס  “violence”

            רשׁע  “wickedness” (BDB, 957)

            מהמון  “abundance, wealth, murmur, crowd”

            מהמהם  “wealth” (BDB, 241)

            נה  “distinction” (BDB, 627)

Verse 12

            נגע  verb (Hiphil perfect 3ms): “arrive, reach”

            קנה  “owner” (BDB, 888)

            שֹמח  verb (Qal jussive 3ms): “be glad, rejoice”

            מוכר  “seller”

            אבל  verb (Hithpael jussive 3ms): “mourn” (BDB, 5)

            חרון  “anger” (BDB, 354)

Verse 13

            ממץר  “merchandise” (BDB, 569)

            חיה  “life” (BDB, 312)

            חזון  “vision” (BDB, 302)

            חזק  verb (Hithpaal imperfect 3mpl): “strengthen oneself”

Syntax & Misc.

Verse 11

• The verbal idea of the second half of this verse is “there will not be לֹא־מֵהֶ֞ם וְלֹ֧א מֵהֲמוֹנָ֛ם וְלֹ֥א מֶהֱמֵהֶ֖ם וְלֹא־נֹ֥הַּ בָּהֶֽם among them.”

Verse 12

• The negative, לֹא, is used with indicative verbs; whereas, the negative, אַל, is used with jussives only.

Verse 13

• The conjunctive, וְע֥וֹד, is used temporally “while, when.”
• The beth preposition, בַּחַיִּ֖ים, can mean “among.”
• The final verb, יִתְחַזָּֽקוּ, takes a (possibly collective) singular subject, אִישׁ.

Vocabulary

Verse 5

            אחת  adjective (feminine form of אחד): “one, each, first, a (as indefinite article)”

Syntax & Miscellaneous

• See grammar note on Exodus 5:1 for further discussion of the introductory phrase, כֹּ֥ה אָמַ֖ר אֲדֹנָ֣י יְהוִ֑ה.

Vocabulary

Verse 6

            קץ  noun: “disaster, evil”

            קיץ  verb (Hiphil perfect 3ms): “awake” (BDB, 884)

Verse 7

            צפירה  uncertain meaning, perhaps “doom” (BDB, 862)

            קרוב  “near”

            מהומה  “tumult, panic” (BDB, 223)

            הד  “shouting, cheer” (BDB, 212)

Verse 8

            שׁפך  verb (Hiphil imperfect 1cs): “pour out”

            חמה  noun: “wrath, anger”

            כלה  verb (Piel waw-consecutive perfect 1cs): “bring to an end (my anger)”

Verse 9

            חוס  verb: “pity, look with compassion upon” (BDB, 299)

            חמל  verb: “have compassion” (BDB, 328)

Syntax & Misc.

Verse 6

• Verse five and six end with the same two words, הִנֵּ֖ה בָּאָֽה.  This is a common idiom in Ezekiel that guarantees the surety of a future event (Ezekiel 7:10, 21:12, 30:9, 33:33, 39:8; also Jeremiah 10:22).
• The fs participle, בָּאָֽה, refers to the feminine pharse אַחַ֥ת רָעָ֖ה.

Verse 7

• The participial phrase is substantive, יוֹשֵׁ֣ב הָאָ֑רֶץ “dwellers of the land.”
• The last two clauses are verbless, קָר֛וֹב הַיּ֥וֹם  “the day is near” and מְהוּמָ֖ה וְלֹא־הֵ֥ד הָרִֽים “tumult rather than cheer will be [on] the mountains.”

Verse 8

• The adverbial, מִקָּר֗וֹב, could be understood temporally (“shortly”) or spatially (“from near-by”).
• See comment on אף from Ezekiel 7:3.

Verse 9

• This verse is exactly parallel to verse four with the exception of three words:  (1) v. 4 specifies on whom the Lord compassion will not be, עָלַ֖יִךְ, (2) v. 4 uses the word כִּ֣י instead of a kaf preposition and (3) v. 9 adds the Hiphil participle,מַכֶּֽה.

Vocabulary

Verse 1 & 2

            קץ  noun: “end”

            כנף  noun: “wing, extremity”

Syntax & Miscellaneous

• The first verse is the typical Ezekielian formula to initiate a divine revelatory word or sign act (cf. 3:16, 6:1, 7:1, 11:14, 12:1, 17, 21, 26, 13:1, 14:2, 12, 15:1,16:1, 17:1, 11;,18:1, 20:2, 21:1, 6, 13, 23, 22:1, 17, 23, 23:1, 24:15, 25:1, 27:1, 28:1, 11, 20, 30:1, 33:1, 23, 34:1, 35:1, 36:16, 37:15, 38:1; also in Jeremiah 1:4, 11, 2:1, 13:8, 16:1, 24:4; Zechariah 4:8, 6:9).
• The lamed, לְאַדְמַ֥ת, is adversative, “against the land of.”
• The message is initiated by a one word condemnation: קֵץ “end.”  The phrase following is asyndetically connected to this pronouncement as explanative of this degree (epexegetical).
• Qere: אַרְבַּ֖ע.  The Kethib witnesses a construct form; whereas, the Qere is simply an adjective.

Vocabulary

Verse 3

            תועבה  noun (fs construct with 2fs suffix): “abomination”

Verse 4

            חוס  verb: “pity, look upon with compassion” (BDB, 299)

            חמל  verb: “spare, have compassion upon” (BDB, 328)

            תהיין  verb (Qal imperfect 3fpl from היה)

Syntax & Misc.

Verse 3

• The phrase, הַקֵּ֣ץ עָלַ֔יִךְ, is a verbless clause of the typology, S-P.
• The word אף literally refers to one’s nose or nostril.  However, in light of several  idioms that reference the nose as the indicator of anger [to be patient or not easily angered is to be  אֶ֥רֶךְ אַפַּ֖יִם “long of nose” (Exodus 34:6; Numbers 14:18; Nehemiah 9:17; Psalms 86:15, 103:8, 145:8; Proverb 14:29; 16:32; Joel 2:13; Jonah 4:2; Nahum 1:3); to burn with anger is חֲר֥וֹן אַף “burning of nose” (Genesis 30:2, 39:19; Exodus 4:14, 22:23, 32:10, 32:11); to be prone to anger is בַּ֣עַל אָ֑ף “owner of nose” (Proverbs 22:24)], it figuratively can mean “anger.”

Verse 4

• Be careful not to conflate the vowel and accent of the last syllable of עֵינִ֛י.  The final vowel is not a sere, but a hireq with the disjunctive accent tebir.  Hence, it is the subject of the clause.

Vocabulary

Verse 11

            רקע  verb: “stomp down” (BDB, 222)

            אח  interjection: “Ah, Alas” (BDB, 25)

            דבר  noun: “plague” (BDB, 184)

Syntax & Miscellaneous

•  The Hiphil imperative נכה usually refers to hitting or smiting something or someone; however with the word hands/palms in this context as well as other places in Ezekiel it means “to clap.”
• The preposition אֶל is causal “because of.”

Vocabulary

Verse 12

            רחק  adjective: “distant”

            כלה  verb: “complete”

            חמה  “wrath”

Verse 13

            גלול  noun: “idol” (BDB, 165)

            גבעה  “hill”

            רם  “high” (BDB, 926)

            רענן  “fresh” (BDB, 947)

            אלה  “terebinth” (BDB, 18)

            עבות  “leafy” (BDB, 721)

            ניחח  “soothing” (BDB, 629)

Verse 14

            נטה  verb: “stretch out”

            משׁמה  “destruction” (BDB, 1031)

            דבלתה  name: “Diblah”

            מושׁב  “dwelling place” (BDB, 44)

Syntax & Misc.

Verse 12

• The adjectives, רחק and קרב, are substantives.

Verse 13

• Compare, וִֽידַעְתֶּם֙ כִּֽי־אֲנִ֣י יְהוָ֔ה, to verse seven and ten and fourteen.
• The phrase, רָאשֵׁ֣י הֶהָרִ֗ים, refers to the top of the mountains.
• This verse describes the place on which they sacrificed their offerings.
• See Leviticus (1:13, 17; 2:2, 9; 3:5; 6:8, 14; 23:13, 18) for more references to רֵ֣יחַ נִיחֹ֔חַ “soothing aroma.”