Archive for the 'Archeology' Category

Jul 19 2010

More Cuneiform News: Hazor

Published by Hardy under Archeology

From Sasson's List:

Hazor Law Code Fragments

The Selz Foundation Hazor Excavations in Memory of Yigael Yadin have recovered two fragments of a cuneiform tablet preserving portions of a law code at Hazor.

The text parallels portions of the famous Law Code of Hammurabi, and, to a certain extent even the Biblical “tooth for a tooth”. The team is presently working its way down towards a monumental structure dating to the Bronze Age, where more tablets are expected to be found.

The tablet is currently being studied at the Hebrew University. More details to follow as soon as possible.

The excavations are sponsored by the Hebrew university and the Israel Exploration Society, and take place in the Hazor National Park.

 

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Jul 11 2010

14th Century BCE Jerusalem Cuneiform Fragment

Published by Hardy under Archeology

The oldest known cuneiform tablet fragment from Jerusalem was recently found in a fill area of the Ophel according to Eliat Mazar, according to the Jerusalem Post.

Hebrew University excavations recently unearthed a clay fragment dating back to the 14th century BCE, said to be the oldest written document ever found in Jerusalem.

The tiny fragment is only 2 cm. by 2.8 cm. in surface area and 1 cm. thick and appears to have once been part of a larger tablet. Researchers say the ancient fragment testifies to Jerusalem’s importance as a major city late in the Bronze Age, long before it was conquered by King David.

 Oldest written document ever found

In the article,  Wayne Horowitz indicates that it may have been part of the correspondence between Jerusalem and Egypt known from the Amarna tablets.

According to Horowitz, the high quality of the tablet piece indicates that it was most likely part of a message sent from a then-king of Jerusalem to the pharaoh in Egypt. Horowitz said that the fragment, which is made of Jerusalem clay, indicated that Jerusalem was one of the central cities of the area at the time.

The next part is referring to the Siloam Tunnel Inscription, which is of course a linear inscription in Ancient Hebrew and not a cuneiform tablet as the report indicates:

The most ancient piece of writing found in Jerusalem before the Ophel fragment was a tablet unearthed in the Shiloah water in the City of David, dating back to the eighth century BCE – nearly 600 years “younger” than the Ophel find.

 (HT: Sasson's List)

 

UPDATE 1: See Duane's comments for more on Jerusalem scribal traditions.

UPDATE 2: The AlphaGalileo.org article adds little by way of new information.

UPDATE 3:Christopher Rollston weighs in here (with a short addendum by John Huehnergard about a difficulty with the official reading/interpretation).

UPDATE 4: Seth Sanders clarifies nicely what is known about the situation in Late Bronze Age Jerusalem.

UPDATE 5: Seth strikes again bringing the topic of the Canaanite dialect of the Levantine Amarna Texts back into conversation.

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Jun 17 2010

Times on BAR founder Shanks

Published by Hardy under Archeology

The NY Times has a brief and relatively even-handed article on Hershel Shanks, the (in)famous (the in- or lack thereof, of course, depends on one's opinion of "Biblical Archaeology" and a host of other controversial issues) founder of BAR.

(Editorial Note: regular, or semi-regular, posting to this site will resume from now on.  Also, more than 300 daily Hebrew readings may be found through the links above the title banner.)

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Apr 10 2010

Encyclopeaedia Iranica on the OI

Published by Hardy under Archeology

A good article particularly focusing on the early history of the Oriental Institute is online.  It focuses mainly on the expeditions in the eastern half of the Fertile Crescent. 

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Jan 27 2010

iPad = iTablet?

Published by Hardy under Archeology,Tools

I'm a PC.  But on a day when Apple introduces an exciting new product, it is difficult not to peer on with interest and even a bit of glee.  By combining features of the netbook and the Kindle, the iPad is primed to launch the tablet into the mainstream.  That said, one thing I found extremely interesting about the aforementioned device is its physical form.

Does this remind you of something else?

 

(Cornell University Library)

Notice that the beveled back and flat front are analogous to that of the cuneiform tablet.  Unlike the molded plastic, glass, and aluminum of the iPad, the clay tablet's shape is determined pragmatically by the conditions of its composition—upon completion, a tablet typically was left to dry with the recto (i.e. the reverse) facing upwards, thus gravity would pull the edges downward forming the characteristic shape of a flat front side and curved back.  It should be noted, though, that Steve Jobs is not the first to copy this shape in a non-clay medium, imitations of the distinctive contour were made in stone and bronze in the ancient near east, and now it has been replicated in the iPad three millennium after the extinction of the original form.  Let no one say that cultural memory is short! 

Now if only the Apps store had a copy of the Ba'al Cycle…

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