Archive for November, 2009

Nov 16 2009

Hexapla Resources

Published by Hardy under Tools

The Hexapla Institute is going strong, but in the mean time Field's classic work, Origen Hexapla, is available online (pdf; vol. 1, 2).

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Nov 16 2009

Genesis 41:22-24

Published by Hardy under Genesis

וָאֵ֖רֶא בַּחֲלֹמִ֑י וְהִנֵּ֣ה׀ שֶׁ֣בַע שִׁבֳּלִ֗ים עֹלֹ֛ת בְּקָנֶ֥ה אֶחָ֖ד מְלֵאֹ֥ת וְטֹבֽוֹת׃ 23 וְהִנֵּה֙ שֶׁ֣בַע שִׁבֳּלִ֔ים צְנֻמ֥וֹת דַּקּ֖וֹת שְׁדֻפ֣וֹת קָדִ֑ים צֹמְח֖וֹת אַחֲרֵיהֶֽם׃ 24 וַתִּבְלַ֨עְןָ֙ הָשִׁבֳּלִ֣ים הַדַּקֹּ֔ת אֵ֛ת שֶׁ֥בַע הַֽשִׁבֳּלִ֖ים הַטֹּב֑וֹת וָֽאֹמַר֙ אֶל־הַֽחַרְטֻמִּ֔ים וְאֵ֥ין מַגִּ֖יד לִֽי׃

Vocabulary

Verse 22

            חלום noun: “dream” (BDB, 321)

            שׁבלת noun: “ear (of grain)” (BDB, 987)

            קנה noun: “stalk, reed” (BDB, 889)

            מלא adjective: “full” (BDB, 570)

Verse 23

            שׁבלת noun: “ear (of grain)” (BDB, 987)

            צנם “dry, hard” (BDB, 856)

            דק adjective: “thin, small” (BDB, 201)

            שׁדף verb (Qal passive participle f.pl. abs.): “scorch” (BDB, 995)

            קדים noun: “east wind; East” (BDB, 870)

            צמח verb: “sprout; grow up” (BDB, 855)

Verse 24

בלע        verb: “swallow; engulf” (BDB, 118)

            שׁבלת noun: “ear (of grain)” (BDB, 987)

            חרטם noun: “magician, soothsayer” (BDB, 355)

Syntax & Misc.

Verse 22

  • Embedded Structure L (וָאֵ֖רֶא בַּחֲלֹמִ֑י): V-M
  • Embedded Structure M (וְהִנֵּ֣ה׀ שֶׁ֣בַע שִׁבֳּלִ֗ים עֹלֹ֛ת בְּקָנֶ֥ה אֶחָ֖ד מְלֵאֹ֥ת וְטֹבֽוֹת): S-V-M
    • The active participles in the following verses are used verbally.

Verse 23

  • Embedded Structure N (וְהִנֵּה֙ שֶׁ֣בַע שִׁבֳּלִ֔ים צְנֻמ֥וֹת דַּקּ֖וֹת שְׁדֻפ֣וֹת קָדִ֑ים צֹמְח֖וֹת אַחֲרֵיהֶֽם): S-V-M
    • The three adjectives are not conjoined by a connective (cf. 41:6).

Verse 24

  • Embedded Structure O (וַתִּבְלַ֨עְןָ֙ הָשִׁבֳּלִ֣ים הַדַּקֹּ֔ת אֵ֛ת שֶׁ֥בַע הַֽשִׁבֳּלִ֖ים הַטֹּב֑וֹת): V-S-O
  • Embedded Structure P (וָֽאֹמַר֙ אֶל־הַֽחַרְטֻמִּ֔ים): V-M
  • Embedded Structure Q (וְאֵ֥ין מַגִּ֖יד לִֽי): P

 

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Nov 11 2009

Genesis 41:17-21

Published by Hardy under Genesis

וַיְדַבֵּ֥ר פַּרְעֹ֖ה אֶל־יוֹסֵ֑ף בַּחֲלֹמִ֕י הִנְנִ֥י עֹמֵ֖ד עַל־שְׂפַ֥ת הַיְאֹֽר׃ 18 וְהִנֵּ֣ה מִן־הַיְאֹ֗ר עֹלֹת֙ שֶׁ֣בַע פָּר֔וֹת בְּרִיא֥וֹת בָּשָׂ֖ר וִיפֹ֣ת תֹּ֑אַר וַתִּרְעֶ֖ינָה בָּאָֽחוּ׃ 19 וְהִנֵּ֞ה שֶֽׁבַע־פָּר֤וֹת אֲחֵרוֹת֙ עֹל֣וֹת אַחֲרֵיהֶ֔ן דַּלּ֨וֹת וְרָע֥וֹת תֹּ֛אַר מְאֹ֖ד וְרַקּ֣וֹת בָּשָׂ֑ר לֹֽא־רָאִ֧יתִי כָהֵ֛נָּה בְּכָל־אֶ֥רֶץ מִצְרַ֖יִם לָרֹֽעַ׃ 20 וַתֹּאכַ֨לְנָה֙ הַפָּר֔וֹת הָרַקּ֖וֹת וְהָרָע֑וֹת אֵ֣ת שֶׁ֧בַע הַפָּר֛וֹת הָרִאשֹׁנ֖וֹת הַבְּרִיאֹֽת׃ 21 וַתָּבֹ֣אנָה אֶל־קִרְבֶּ֗נָה וְלֹ֤א נוֹדַע֙ כִּי־בָ֣אוּ אֶל־קִרְבֶּ֔נָה וּמַרְאֵיהֶ֣ן רַ֔ע כַּאֲשֶׁ֖ר בַּתְּחִלָּ֑ה וָאִיקָֽץ׃

Vocabulary

Verse 17

            חלום noun: “dream” (BDB, 321)

            שׂפה noun: “edge; lip”

            יאר noun: “Nile” (BDB, 384)

Verse 18

            יאר noun: “Nile” (BDB, 384)

            פרה noun: “cow” (BDB, 831)

            בריא adjective: “fat” (BDB, 135)

            יפה adjective: “fair, beautiful” (BDB, 421)

            תאר noun: “form, appearance” (BDB, 1061)

Verse 19

            רעה verb: “graze; pasture” (BDB, 944)

            אחו noun: “reeds” (BDB, 28)

            פרה noun: “cow” (BDB, 831)

            אחר adjective: “another” (BDB, 166)

            דל noun: “poor, weak” (BDB, 195)

            תאר noun: “form, appearance” (BDB, 1061)

        רק adjective: “weak, thin” (BDB, 956)

            רע noun: “bad, evil”

Verse 20

            פרה noun: “cow” (BDB, 831)

        רק adjective: “weak, thin” (BDB, 956)

            ראשׁון adjective: “first”

            בריא adjective: “fat” (BDB, 135)  

Verse 21

            מראה noun: “appearance, vision” (BDB, 909)

            תחלה noun: “beginning” (BDB, 321)

            יקץ verb: “awake” (BDB, 429)

Syntax & Misc.

Verse 17

  • Clause Structure 1 (וַיְדַבֵּ֥ר פַּרְעֹ֖ה אֶל־יוֹסֵ֑ף בַּחֲלֹמִ֕י הִנְנִ֥י עֹמֵ֖ד עַל־שְׂפַ֥ת הַיְאֹֽר): V-S-M-O
  • Embedded Structure A (בַּחֲלֹמִ֕י הִנְנִ֥י עֹמֵ֖ד עַל־שְׂפַ֥ת הַיְאֹֽר): M-S-V-M
    • One also finds הנה introducing a vision in Gen. 37:7 (J-M 121f).
    • The participle is functioning verbally with the speaker as the expressed subject (GKC 116o).  The pronoun does not follow the particle (הנה אני), but attaches as a suffix, הנני.

Verse 18

  • Embedded Structure B (וְהִנֵּ֣ה מִן־הַיְאֹ֗ר עֹלֹת֙ שֶׁ֣בַע פָּר֔וֹת בְּרִיא֥וֹת בָּשָׂ֖ר וִיפֹ֣ת תֹּ֑אַר): M-V-S
  • Embedded Structure C (וַתִּרְעֶ֖ינָה בָּאָֽחוּ): V-M

Verse 19

  • Embedded Structure D (וְהִנֵּ֞ה שֶֽׁבַע־פָּר֤וֹת אֲחֵרוֹת֙ עֹל֣וֹת אַחֲרֵיהֶ֔ן דַּלּ֨וֹת וְרָע֥וֹת תֹּ֛אַר מְאֹ֖ד וְרַקּ֣וֹת בָּשָׂ֑ר): S-V-M
  • Embedded Structure E (לֹֽא־רָאִ֧יתִי כָהֵ֛נָּה בְּכָל־אֶ֥רֶץ מִצְרַ֖יִם לָרֹֽעַ): V-M
    • The lamed preposition may be best understood as, “as regards” (see further W-O 39.11.1.2.1).

Verse 20

  • Embedded Structure F (וַתֹּאכַ֨לְנָה֙ הַפָּר֔וֹת הָרַקּ֖וֹת וְהָרָע֑וֹת אֵ֣ת שֶׁ֧בַע הַפָּר֛וֹת הָרִאשֹׁנ֖וֹת הַבְּרִיאֹֽת): V-S-O

Verse 21

  • Embedded Structure G (וַתָּבֹ֣אנָה אֶל־קִרְבֶּ֗נָה): V-M
    • The verb, בא, is used euphemistically for eating.
    • For the suffix form, see J-M 94h.
  • Embedded Structure H (וְלֹ֤א נוֹדַע֙): V
  • Embedded Structure I (כִּי־בָ֣אוּ אֶל־קִרְבֶּ֔נָה): V-M
  • Embedded Structure J (וּמַרְאֵיהֶ֣ן רַ֔ע כַּאֲשֶׁ֖ר בַּתְּחִלָּ֑ה): S-P
  • Embedded Structure K (וָאִיקָֽץ): V

 

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Nov 09 2009

Genesis 41:14-16

Published by Hardy under Genesis

וַיִּשְׁלַ֤ח פַּרְעֹה֙ וַיִּקְרָ֣א אֶת־יוֹסֵ֔ף וַיְרִיצֻ֖הוּ מִן־הַבּ֑וֹר וַיְגַלַּח֙ וַיְחַלֵּ֣ף שִׂמְלֹתָ֔יו וַיָּבֹ֖א אֶל־פַּרְעֹֽה׃ 15 וַיֹּ֤אמֶר פַּרְעֹה֙ אֶל־יוֹסֵ֔ף חֲל֣וֹם חָלַ֔מְתִּי וּפֹתֵ֖ר אֵ֣ין אֹתוֹ֑ וַאֲנִ֗י שָׁמַ֤עְתִּי עָלֶ֨יךָ֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר תִּשְׁמַ֥ע חֲל֖וֹם לִפְתֹּ֥ר אֹתוֹֽ׃ 16 וַיַּ֨עַן יוֹסֵ֧ף אֶת־פַּרְעֹ֛ה לֵאמֹ֖ר בִּלְעָדָ֑י אֱלֹהִ֕ים יַעֲנֶ֖ה אֶת־שְׁל֥וֹם פַּרְעֹֽה׃

Vocabulary

Verse 14

            רץ verb (Hiphil waw-consecutive imperfect mpl): “bring quickly” (BDB, 930)

            בור noun: “pit, well”

            צלח verb: “shave” (BDB, 164)

            חלף verb: “(cause to) change”  (BDB, 322)

            שֹמלה noun: “cloak” (BDB, 971)

Verse 15

            חלום noun: “dream” (BDB, 321)

            חלם verb: “dream” (BDB, 321)

            פתר verb: “interpret” (BDB, 837)

Verse 16

            בלעדי preposition: “apart from” (BDB, 116)

Syntax & Misc.

Verse 14

  • Clause Structure 1 (וַיִּשְׁלַ֤ח פַּרְעֹה֙): V-S
  • Clause Structure 2 (וַיִּקְרָ֣א אֶת־יוֹסֵ֔ף): V-O
  • Clause Structure 3 (וַיְרִיצֻ֖הוּ מִן־הַבּ֑וֹר): V-O-M
    • An indefinite, impersonal, or unspecified plural entity is used as the subject (GKC 144f; J-M 155b).
  • Clause Structure 4 (וַיְגַלַּח֙): V
  • Clause Structure 5 (וַיְחַלֵּ֣ף שִׂמְלֹתָ֔יו): V-O
  • Clause Structure 6 (וַיָּבֹ֖א אֶל־פַּרְעֹֽה): V-O

Verse 15

  • Clause Structure 1 (וַיֹּ֤אמֶר פַּרְעֹה֙ אֶל־יוֹסֵ֔ף חֲל֣וֹם חָלַ֔מְתִּי וּפֹתֵ֖ר אֵ֣ין אֹתוֹ֑ וַאֲנִ֗י שָׁמַ֤עְתִּי עָלֶ֨יךָ֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר תִּשְׁמַ֥ע חֲל֖וֹם לִפְתֹּ֥ר אֹתוֹֽ): V-S-M-O
  • Embedded Structure A (חֲל֣וֹם חָלַ֔מְתִּי): O-V
  • Embedded Structure B (וּפֹתֵ֖ר אֵ֣ין אֹתוֹ֑): S-P
    • The expected order אין פתר אתו appears to be reversed to highlight the clause disjunction (J-M 157ca).
  • Embedded Structure C (וַאֲנִ֗י שָׁמַ֤עְתִּי עָלֶ֨יךָ֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר תִּשְׁמַ֥ע חֲל֖וֹם לִפְתֹּ֥ר אֹתוֹֽ): S-V-M-O
    • For similar examples of the preposition על, see W-O 11.2.13g.
  • Embedded Structure i (תִּשְׁמַ֥ע חֲל֖וֹם לִפְתֹּ֥ר אֹתוֹֽ): V-O-M
    • The “indirect speech” to which Pharaoh refers is relayed as direct speech (J-M 157ca).

Verse 16

  • Clause Structure 1 (וַיַּ֨עַן יוֹסֵ֧ף אֶת־פַּרְעֹ֛ה לֵאמֹ֖ר בִּלְעָדָ֑י אֱלֹהִ֕ים יַעֲנֶ֖ה אֶת־שְׁל֥וֹם פַּרְעֹֽה):
  • Embedded Structure A (בִּלְעָדָ֑י): P
    • In an answer to a direct inquiry, the referent pronoun is often omitted.
  • Embedded Structure B (אֱלֹהִ֕ים יַעֲנֶ֖ה אֶת־שְׁל֥וֹם פַּרְעֹֽה): S-V-M-O

 

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Nov 08 2009

Hebrew-Ugaritic Bibliography Z

Published by Hardy under Bibliography

ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ

 

 

Zaborski, A, "Archaic Semitic in Light of Hamito-Semitic," ZAH 7 (1994) 234-44.

Zaborski, A., "Biconsonantal Roots and Triconsonantal Root Variation in Semitic: Solutions and Prospects," Semitic Studies in Honor of Wolf Leslau on the Occasion of his Eighty-fifth Birthday (ed. A. S. Kaye; 2 vols.; Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, 1991) 2.1675-1703.

Zaborski, A., "Biconsonantal Verbal Roots in Semitic," Zeszyty Naukowe Uniwersytetu Jagiellonskiego 269 = Prace jezykoznawcze 35 (1971) 4-96.

Zaborski, A., "Exceptional Incompatability Rules and Verbal Root Structure in Semitic," Semitic and Cushite Studies (ed. G. Goldenberg and S. Raz; Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, 1994) 1-18.

Zaborski, A., "Prefixes, Root Determinatives and the Problem of Biconsonantal Roots in Semitic," Folia Orientalia 11 (1970) 307-313.

Zadok, R., "On the Amorite Material from Mesopotamia," The Tablet and the Scroll: Near Eastern Studies in Honor of William H. Hallo (ed. M. E. Cohen, D. C. Snell and D. B. Weisberg; Bethesda, MD: CDL Press, 1993) 315-33.

Zadok, R., "On the Prosopography and Onomastics of Syria-Palestine and Adjacent Regions," UF 32 (2000) 599-674.

Zadok, R., On West Semites in Babylonia during the Chaldean and Achaemenian Periods: An Onomastic Study (Jerusalem: Wanaarta/Tel Aviv University, 1977).

Zadok, R., The Earliest Diaspora: Israelites and Judeans in Pre-Hellenistic Mesopotamia (Publications of the Diaspora Research Institute, 151; Tel Aviv: Diaspora Rsearch Institute, Tel Aviv University, 2002).

Zadok, R., The Jews in Babylonia during the Chaldean and Achaemenian Periods: According to the Babylonian Sources (Haifa: University of Haifa, 1979).

Zadok, R., The Pre-Hellenistic Israelite Anthroponymy and Prosopography (OLA 28; Leuven: Peeters, 1988).

Zatelli, I., "Analysis of Lexemes from a Conversational Prose Text: hnh as Signal of a Performative Utterance in 1 Sam. 25:41," ZAH 7 (1994) 5-11.

Zatelli, I., "Functional Languages and Their Importance to the Semantics of Ancient Hebrew," Studies in Ancient Hebrew Semantics (ed. T. Muraoka; AbrN Supplement 4; Leuven: Peeters, 1995) 55-64.

Zatelli, I., "Pragmalinguistics and Speech-Act Theory as Applied to Classical Hebrew," ZAH 6 (1993) 60-74.

Zatelli, I., Il campo lessicale degli aggettivi di purita in ebraico biblico (Quaderni di Semitistica 7; Florence: Università di Firenze, 1978).

Zehnder, M., "Zentrale Aspekte der Semantik der hebräischen Weg-Lexeme," Studien zur hebräischen Grammatik (ed. A. Wagner; OBO 156; Freiburg: Universitätsverlag; Göttingen: vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 1997) 155-70.

Zemánek, P., Ugaritischer Wortformenindex (Lexicographie Orientalis 4; Hamburg: Helmut Buske Verlag, 1995).

Zevit, Z., "A Chapter in the History of Israelite Personal Names," BASOR 250 (1983) 1-16.

Zevit, Z., "Converging Lines of Evidence Bearing on the Date of P," ZAW 94 (1982) 481-511.

Zevit, Z., "How Do You Say 'Noble' in Phoenician Biblical Hebrew and in Ugaritic?" SemiticStudies in Honor of Wolf Leslau on the Occasion of his Eighty-fifth Birthday (ed. A. S. Kaye; 2 vols.; Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, 1991) 2.1704-715.

Zevit, Z., "Nondistinctive Stress, Syllabic Constraints, and Wortmetrik in Ugaritic Poetry," UF 15 (1983) 291-98.

Zevit, Z., "Onomastic Gleanings from Recently Published Bullae," IEJ 38 (1988) 227-34.

Zevit, Z., "Talking Funny in Biblical Henglish and Solving a Problem of the YAQTUL Past Tense," HS 29 (1988) 25-33.

Zevit, Z., "The Linguistic and Contextual Arguments in Support of a Hebrew 3 m. s. Suffix -y," UF 9 (1977) 315-28.

Zevit, Z., "The Question of Case Endings on Ugaritic Nouns in Status Constructus," JSS 28 (1983) 225-32.

Zevit, Z., "The So-Called Interchangeability of the Prepositions b, l, and m(n) in Northwest Semitic," JANES 7 (1975) 105-11.

Zevit, Z., Matres Lectionis in Ancient Hebrew Epigraphs (ASOR Monograph Series 2; Cambridge: American Schools of Oriental Research, 1980).

Zevit, Z., The Anterior Construction in Classical Hebrew: Literary Applications and Implications for Hebrew Grammar (SBLMS 50; Atlanta, GA: Scholars, 1998)

Zewi, T., "Interrupted Syntactical Structures in Biblical Hebrew," ZAH 12 (1999) 83-95.

Zewi, T., "Is There a Tripartite Nominal Sentence in Biblical Hebrew?" JNSL 26 (2000) 51-63.

Zewi, T., "On Similar Syntactical Roles of inuma in El Amarna and הנה, והנה and הן in Biblical Hebrew," JANES 25 (1997) 71-86.

Zewi, T., "On Similar Syntactical Roles of inuma in El Amarna and hnh, hnhw and hn in Biblical Hebrew," JANES 25 (1997) 71-86.

Zewi, T., "Subjects Preceded by the Preposition 'et in Biblical Hebrew," Studien zur hebräischen Grammatik (ed. A. Wagner; OBO 156; Freiburg: Universitätsverlag; Göttingen: vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 1997) 171-81.

Zewi, T., "Subordinate Nominal Clauses Involving Prolepsis in Biblical Hebrew," JSS 41 (1996) 1-20.

Zewi, T., "The Definiton of the Copula and the Role of the 3rd Independent Personal Pronouns in Nominal Sentences of Semitic Languages," Folia Linguistica Historia 17 (1996) 41-55.

Zewi, T., "The Nominal Sentence in Biblical Hebrew," Semitic and Cushitic Studies (ed. G. Goldenberg and S. Raz; Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, 1994) 145-67.

Zewi, T., "The Particles hinneh and wehinneh in Biblical Hebrew," HS 37 (1996) 21-38.

Zewi, T., "The Syntactical Status of Exceptive Clauses in Biblical Hebrew," Bib 79 (1998) 542-48.

Zewi, T., "The Syntactical Status of Exceptive Phrases in Biblical Hebrew," Bib 79 (1998) 542-48.

Zewi, T., "Time in Nominal Sentences in the Semitic Languages," JSS 44 (1999) 195-214.

Zewi, T., "Tripartite Nominal Clauses and Appositional Clauses in Biblical Hebrew," Ancient Near Eastern Studies 36 (1999) 36-47.

Zewi, T., A Syntactical Study of Verbal Forms Affixed by -n(n) Endings in Classical Arabic, Biblical Hebrew, El-Amarna Akkadian and Ugaritic (AOAT 260; Münster: Ugarit-Verlag, 1999).

Zewi, T., and C. H. J. van der Merwe, "Biblical Hebrew Nominal Clause: Definitions of Subject and Predicate," JNSL 27 (2001) 81-99.

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