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וַיָּ֨רָץ עֵשָׂ֤ו לִקְרָאתוֹ֙ וַֽיְחַבְּקֵ֔הוּ וַיִּפֹּ֥ל עַל־צַוָּארָ֖ו וַׄיִּׄשָּׁׄקֵ֑ׄהׄוּׄ וַיִּבְכּֽוּ׃ 5 וַיִּשָּׂ֣א אֶת־עֵינָ֗יו וַיַּ֤רְא אֶת־הַנָּשִׁים֙ וְאֶת־הַיְלָדִ֔ים וַיֹּ֖אמֶר מִי־אֵ֣לֶּה לָּ֑ךְ וַיֹּאמַ֕ר הַיְלָדִ֕ים אֲשֶׁר־חָנַ֥ן אֱלֹהִ֖ים אֶת־עַבְדֶּֽךָ׃6  וַתִּגַּ֧שְׁןָ הַשְּׁפָח֛וֹת הֵ֥נָּה וְיַלְדֵיהֶ֖ן וַתִּֽשְׁתַּחֲוֶֽיןָ׃7  וַתִּגַּ֧שׁ גַּם־לֵאָ֛ה וִילָדֶ֖יהָ וַיִּֽשְׁתַּחֲו֑וּ וְאַחַ֗ר נִגַּ֥שׁ יוֹסֵ֛ף וְרָחֵ֖ל וַיִּֽשְׁתַּחֲוֽוּ׃

Vocabulary

Verse 4

            רוץ verb: "run"

            עשֹו name: "Esau"

חבק verb (Piel waw-consecutive imperfect 3ms with 3ms suffix): "embrace" (BDB, 287)

צואר noun: "neck" (BDB, 848)

נשׁק verb: "kiss" (BDB, 676)

בכה verb: "weep"

Verse 5

            חנן verb: "show favor" (BDB, 335)

Verse 6

            נגשׁ "approach; come near"

            שׁפחה "maid-servant" (BDB, 1046)

            חוה verb (Št waw-consecutive imperfect 3fpl): "bow down (in reverence)"

Verse 7

            נגשׁ "approach; come near"

            לאה name: "Leah"

            חוה verb: "bow down (in reverence)"

            רחל name: "Rachel"

Syntax & Misc.

Verse 4

• Clause Structure 1 (וַיָּ֨רָץ עֵשָׂ֤ו לִקְרָאתוֹ֙): V-S-M
• Clause Structure 2 (וַֽיְחַבְּקֵ֔הוּ): V-O
• Clause Structure 3 (וַיִּפֹּ֥ל עַל־צַוָּארָ֖ו): V-M
• Clause Structure 4 (וַׄיִּׄשָּׁׄקֵ֑ׄהׄוּׄ): V-O
• The marks above this word represent a tradition predating the MT; the meaning of the markings is uncertain (GKC 5n; J-M 16h).
• The verb נשׁק may take a pronominal complement, but generally the recipient of the verbal action is marked by lamed (J-M 125b).
• Clause Structure 5 (וַיִּבְכּֽוּ): V

Verse 5

• Clause Structure 1 (וַיִּשָּׂ֣א אֶת־עֵינָ֗יו): V-O
• Clause Structure 2 (וַיַּ֤רְא אֶת־הַנָּשִׁים֙ וְאֶת־הַיְלָדִ֔ים): V-O
• Clause Structure 3 (וַיֹּ֖אמֶר מִי־אֵ֣לֶּה לָּ֑ךְ וַיֹּאמַ֕ר הַיְלָדִ֕ים אֲשֶׁר־חָנַ֥ן אֱלֹהִ֖ים אֶת־עַבְדֶּֽךָ): V-O

• Embedded Structure A (מִי־אֵ֣לֶּה לָּ֑ךְ): S-P
• The interrogative, מי, is not declined for number (GKC 37a) or person (GKC 137a).
• Clause Structure 4 (וַיֹּאמַ֕ר הַיְלָדִ֕ים אֲשֶׁר־חָנַ֥ן אֱלֹהִ֖ים אֶת־עַבְדֶּֽךָ): V-O
• Embedded Structure A (הַיְלָדִ֕ים אֲשֶׁר־חָנַ֥ן אֱלֹהִ֖ים אֶת־עַבְדֶּֽךָ): P
• In a response to the question, Who?, the subject may be elided.
• Embedded Structure i (חָנַ֥ן אֱלֹהִ֖ים אֶת־עַבְדֶּֽךָ): V-S-O

Verse 6

• Clause Structure 1 (וַתִּגַּ֧שְׁןָ הַשְּׁפָח֛וֹת הֵ֥נָּה וְיַלְדֵיהֶ֖ן): V-S
• The feminine plural independent personal pronoun הנה, referring to the שׁפחות, forms a phrase with the following constituent, ילדיהן, which expands the subject of the clause—"The maid-servants, (namely) they and their children, approached."
• Clause Structure 2 (וַתִּֽשְׁתַּחֲוֶֽיןָ): V

Verse 7

• Clause Structure 1 (וַתִּגַּ֧שׁ גַּם־לֵאָ֛ה וִילָדֶ֖יהָ): V-S
• With compound subjects the verb may only agree grammatically with the first element (GKC 146f).
• Clause Structure 2 (וַיִּֽשְׁתַּחֲו֑וּ): V
• The mixed gendered group, however, is referred to as a masculine plurality in this clause (J-M 150q).
• Clause Structure 3 (וְאַחַ֗ר נִגַּ֥שׁ יוֹסֵ֛ף וְרָחֵ֖ל): V-S
• The prominence of Joseph amongst his siblings is highlighted here and in verse 2, wherein he is the only of Jacob's children who is explicitly named.
• Clause Structure 4 (וַיִּֽשְׁתַּחֲוֽוּ): V

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