Jul 01 2009

Genesis 31:47-50

Published by Hardy at 10:18 am under Genesis

וַיִּקְרָא־לוֹ֣ לָבָ֔ן יְגַ֖ר שָׂהֲדוּתָ֑א וְיַֽעֲקֹ֔ב קָ֥רָא לוֹ֖ גַּלְעֵֽד׃ 48 וַיֹּ֣אמֶר לָבָ֔ן הַגַּ֨ל הַזֶּ֥ה עֵ֛ד בֵּינִ֥י וּבֵינְךָ֖ הַיּ֑וֹם עַל־כֵּ֥ן קָרָֽא־שְׁמֹ֖ו גַּלְעֵֽד׃ 49 וְהַמִּצְפָּה֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר אָמַ֔ר יִ֥צֶף יְהוָ֖ה בֵּינִ֣י וּבֵינֶ֑ךָ כִּ֥י נִסָּתֵ֖ר אִ֥ישׁ מֵרֵעֵֽהוּ׃ 50 אִם־תְּעַנֶּ֣ה אֶת־בְּנֹתַ֗י וְאִם־תִּקַּ֤ח נָשִׁים֙ עַל־בְּנֹתַ֔י אֵ֥ין אִ֖ישׁ עִמָּ֑נוּ רְאֵ֕ה אֱלֹהִ֥ים עֵ֖ד בֵּינִ֥י וּבֵינֶֽךָ׃

Vocabulary

Verse 47

            יגר noun: "heap (of stones)" (BDB, 1094)

            שֹהרותא noun (Aramaic): "witness, testimony" (BDB, 1113)

            גלעד name: "Galeed" (BDB, 165)

Verse 48

            גל noun: "heap (of stones), pile" (BDB, 164)

Verse 49

            מצפה name: "Mizpah (or watchtower)" (BDB, 859)

            צפה verb: "keep watch" (BDB, 859)

            סתר verb (Niphal imperfect 1cpl): "hide (oneself); concealed" (BDB, 711)

Verse 50

            ענה verb (Piel imperfect 2ms): "afflict, mistreat" (BDB, 776)

Syntax & Misc.

Verse 47

  • Clause Structure 1 (וַיִּקְרָא־לוֹ֣ לָבָ֔ן יְגַ֖ר שָׂהֲדוּתָ֑א): V-M-S-O
    • This parallel naming formula, the first in Aramaic and the second Hebrew, is unique in the Torah.  Notice the clear Aramaic characteristics including vocabulary, reduction patterns, the nominal ending, and the enclitic article.
  • Clause Structure 2 (וְיַֽעֲקֹ֔ב קָ֥רָא לוֹ֖ גַּלְעֵֽד): S-V-M-O
    • The Hebrew compound, גלעד, is a calque of the Aramaic name: 'heap of witness'.

Verse 48-50

  • Clause Structure 1 (וַיֹּ֣אמֶר לָבָ֔ן הַגַּ֨ל הַזֶּ֥ה עֵ֛ד בֵּינִ֥י וּבֵינְךָ֖ הַיּ֑וֹם): V-S-O
  • Embedded Structure A (הַגַּ֨ל הַזֶּ֥ה עֵ֛ד בֵּינִ֥י וּבֵינְךָ֖ הַיּ֑וֹם): S-P-M
    • The adnominal demonstrative in Hebrew agrees with the head noun in person, number, and definiteness.
  • Clause Structure 2 (עַל־כֵּ֥ן קָרָֽא־שְׁמֹ֖ו גַּלְעֵֽד וְהַמִּצְפָּה֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר אָמַ֔ר יִ֥צֶף יְהוָ֖ה בֵּינִ֣י וּבֵינֶ֑ךָ כִּ֥י נִסָּתֵ֖ר אִ֥ישׁ מֵרֵעֵֽהוּ): V-O-O
  • Embedded Structure A (אָמַ֔ר יִ֥צֶף יְהוָ֖ה בֵּינִ֣י וּבֵינֶ֑ךָ כִּ֥י נִסָּתֵ֖ר אִ֥ישׁ מֵרֵעֵֽהוּ אִם־תְּעַנֶּ֣ה אֶת־בְּנֹתַ֗י וְאִם־תִּקַּ֤ח נָשִׁים֙ עַל־בְּנֹתַ֔י אֵ֥ין אִ֖ישׁ עִמָּ֑נוּ רְאֵ֕ה אֱלֹהִ֥ים עֵ֖ד בֵּינִ֥י וּבֵינֶֽךָ): V-O
    • Some grammarians suggest that אשׁר may have a weak causal sense and function as a conjunction (J-M 170e; GKC 158b).
  • Embedded Structure i (יִ֥צֶף יְהוָ֖ה בֵּינִ֣י וּבֵינֶ֑ךָ): V-S-M
  • Embedded Structure ii (כִּ֥י נִסָּתֵ֖ר אִ֥ישׁ מֵרֵעֵֽהוּ): V-M
    • The person shift in this clause from first person (verb) to third (suffix) may be a way of weakening the form of address.
  • Embedded Structure iii (אִם־תְּעַנֶּ֣ה אֶת־בְּנֹתַ֗י): V-O
  • Embedded Structure iv (וְאִם־תִּקַּ֤ח נָשִׁים֙ עַל־בְּנֹתַ֔י): V-O-M
    • The preposition על here connotes the idea of "in addition to" (GKC 119aa n. 2).
  • Embedded Structure v (אֵ֥ין אִ֖ישׁ עִמָּ֑נוּ): S-P
    • The particle אין may be a simple negative or the non-existence particle.
    • This clause functions as a parenthetical "(even though) no one is with us."
  • Embedded Structure vi (רְאֵ֕ה אֱלֹהִ֥ים עֵ֖ד בֵּינִ֥י וּבֵינֶֽךָ): V-S-M
    • This imperative clause is the apodosis of the double protasis (iii and iv, above).  See GKC 159q-t for similar sentence structures.
    • J-M 105d suggests the imperative is used as an interjection introducing an S-P clause (see a similar use of the imperative in verse 44).  Alternatively, it could be read as a true command with אלהים as a vocative.

 

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