Aug
14
2008
וַיַּ֤עַשׂ יַעֲקֹב֙ כֵּ֔ן וַיְמַלֵּ֖א שְׁבֻ֣עַ זֹ֑את וַיִּתֶּן־לוֹ֛ אֶת־רָחֵ֥ל בִּתּוֹ֖ לוֹ֥ לְאִשָּֽׁה׃ 29 וַיִּתֵּ֤ן לָבָן֙ לְרָחֵ֣ל בִּתּוֹ֔ אֶת־בִּלְהָ֖ה שִׁפְחָתוֹ֑ לָ֖הּ לְשִׁפְחָֽה׃ 30 וַיָּבֹא֙ גַּ֣ם אֶל־רָחֵ֔ל וַיֶּאֱהַ֥ב גַּֽם־אֶת־רָחֵ֖ל מִלֵּאָ֑ה וַיַּעֲבֹ֣ד עִמּוֹ֔ ע֖וֹד שֶֽׁבַע־שָׁנִ֥ים אֲחֵרֽוֹת׃
Vocabulary
Verse 28
שׁבוע “week” (BDB, 988)
רחל name: “Rachel”
Verse 29
לבן name: “Laban”
בלהה name: “Bilhah”
שׁפחה “maid(-servant)” (BDB, 1046)
Verse 30
לאה name: “Leah”
Syntax & Misc.
Verse 28
- Clause Typology 1 (וַיַּ֤עַשׂ יַעֲקֹב֙ כֵּ֔ן): V-S-M
- Clause Typology 2 (וַיְמַלֵּ֖א שְׁבֻ֣עַ זֹ֑את): V-S
- Clause Typology 3 (וַיִּתֶּן־לוֹ֛ אֶת־רָחֵ֥ל בִּתּוֹ֖ לוֹ֥ לְאִשָּֽׁה): V-M-O-M
- The first lamed preposition indicates the indirect object: “to him/Jacob.”
- The function of the second lamed preposition is more nebulous; it may be best to understand the final two words as an infinitive clause with an elided היה verb, “to be for him a wife,” or as separate nominal clause (hence the disjunctive Massoretic accent): “[She] was to him as a wife” or “[She] was his wife.” The following verse uses the same construction.
- The final lamed preposition is used to indicate the “goal of a process,” that is, “given … as a wife” (MNK 39.11.1.1b).
Verse 29
- Clause Typology 1 (וַיִּתֵּ֤ן לָבָן֙ לְרָחֵ֣ל בִּתּוֹ֔ אֶת־בִּלְהָ֖ה שִׁפְחָתוֹ֑ לָ֖הּ לְשִׁפְחָֽה): V-S-M-O-M
- See the previous verse for an explanation of the lamed prepositions.
Verse 30
- Clause Typology 1 (וַיָּבֹא֙ גַּ֣ם אֶל־רָחֵ֔ל): V-M
- Clause Typology 2 (וַיֶּאֱהַ֥ב גַּֽם־אֶת־רָחֵ֖ל מִלֵּאָ֑ה): V-M-O-M
- The מן preposition is used as a comparative—“more than.”
- Clause Typology 3 (וַיַּעֲבֹ֣ד עִמּוֹ֔ ע֖וֹד שֶֽׁבַע־שָׁנִ֥ים אֲחֵרֽוֹת): V-M
Aug
12
2008
וַיִּתֵּ֤ן לָבָן֙ לָ֔הּ אֶת־זִלְפָּ֖ה שִׁפְחָתוֹ֑ לְלֵאָ֥ה בִתּוֹ֖ שִׁפְחָֽה׃ 25 וַיְהִ֣י בַבֹּ֔קֶר וְהִנֵּה־הִ֖וא לֵאָ֑ה וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֶל־לָבָ֗ן מַה־זֹּאת֙ עָשִׂ֣יתָ לִּ֔י הֲלֹ֤א בְרָחֵל֙ עָבַ֣דְתִּי עִמָּ֔ךְ וְלָ֖מָּה רִמִּיתָֽנִי׃ 26 וַיֹּ֣אמֶר לָבָ֔ן לֹא־יֵעָשֶׂ֥ה כֵ֖ן בִּמְקוֹמֵ֑נוּ לָתֵ֥ת הַצְּעִירָ֖ה לִפְנֵ֥י הַבְּכִירָֽה׃ 27 מַלֵּ֖א שְׁבֻ֣עַ זֹ֑את וְנִתְּנָ֨ה לְךָ֜ גַּם־אֶת־זֹ֗את בַּעֲבֹדָה֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר תַּעֲבֹ֣ד עִמָּדִ֔י ע֖וֹד שֶֽׁבַע־שָׁנִ֥ים אֲחֵרֽוֹת׃
Vocabulary
Verse 24
לבן name: “Laban”
זלפה name: “Zilpah”
שׁפחה “maid(-servant)” (BDB, 1046)
לאה name: “Leah”
Verse 25
רחל name: “Rachel”
רמה verb (Piel perfect 2ms w/ 1cs suffix): “beguile; betray” (BDB, 941)
Verse 26
צעיר adjective: “young; little” (BDB, 859)
בכירה noun: “firstborn” (BDB, 114)
Verse 27
שׁבוע noun: “week” (BDB, 988)
עבדה noun: “labor; service” (BDB, 715)
Syntax & Misc.
Verse 24
- Clause Typology 1 (וַיִּתֵּ֤ן לָבָן֙ לָ֔הּ אֶת־זִלְפָּ֖ה שִׁפְחָתוֹ֑ לְלֵאָ֥ה בִתּוֹ֖ שִׁפְחָֽה): V-S-M-O-M
- The 3ms suffixes refer to Laban.
- The final word, שׁפחה, is used adverbially—“as a maid.”
Verse 25
- Clause Typology 1 (וַיְהִ֣י בַבֹּ֔קֶר): V-M
- Clause Typology 2 (וְהִנֵּה־הִ֖וא לֵאָ֑ה): S-P
- Clause Typology 3 (וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֶל־לָבָ֗ן מַה־זֹּאת֙ עָשִׂ֣יתָ לִּ֔י הֲלֹ֤א בְרָחֵל֙ עָבַ֣דְתִּי עִמָּ֔ךְ וְלָ֖מָּה רִמִּיתָֽנִי): V-M-O
- Embedded Typology A (מַה־זֹּאת֙ עָשִׂ֣יתָ לִּ֔י): O-V-M
- The addition of the ז-particle, according to J-M (143g), does not alter the meaning of the clause.
- Embedded Typology B (הֲלֹ֤א בְרָחֵל֙ עָבַ֣דְתִּי עִמָּ֔ךְ): M-V-M
- The beth preposition is used to mark a causal relation—“because of” (cf. J-M 155p).
- Embedded Typology C (וְלָ֖מָּה רִמִּיתָֽנִי): V-O
Verse 26
- Clause Typology 1 (וַיֹּ֣אמֶר לָבָ֔ן לֹא־יֵעָשֶׂ֥ה כֵ֖ן בִּמְקוֹמֵ֑נוּ לָתֵ֥ת הַצְּעִירָ֖ה לִפְנֵ֥י הַבְּכִירָֽה): V-S-O
- Embedded Typology A (לֹא־יֵעָשֶׂ֥ה כֵ֖ן בִּמְקוֹמֵ֑נוּ לָתֵ֥ת הַצְּעִירָ֖ה לִפְנֵ֥י הַבְּכִירָֽה): V-M
- The imperfect may be used as a frequentative, that is, to express regular or habitual action.
- Infinitive Typology i (לָתֵ֥ת הַצְּעִירָ֖ה לִפְנֵ֥י הַבְּכִירָֽה): V-O-M
- The substantive usage here is best understood as the comparative (GKC 133f).
Verse 27
- Embedded Typology B (מַלֵּ֖א שְׁבֻ֣עַ זֹ֑את): V-S
- The nomen rectum is the demonstrative functioning as a substantive (J-M 143b; W-O 17.3b).
- Embedded Typology C (וְנִתְּנָ֨ה לְךָ֜ גַּם־אֶת־זֹ֗את בַּעֲבֹדָה֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר תַּעֲבֹ֣ד עִמָּדִ֔י ע֖וֹד שֶֽׁבַע־שָׁנִ֥ים אֲחֵרֽוֹת): V-M-O-M
- The verb is either a Niphal perfect 3fs or a Qal imperfect 1cpl cohortative (GKC 121b).
- The beth of בעבדה is the beth of exchange.
- Embedded Typology i (תַּעֲבֹ֣ד עִמָּדִ֔י ע֖וֹד שֶֽׁבַע־שָׁנִ֥ים אֲחֵרֽוֹת): V-M
Aug
11
2008
וַיֹּ֨אמֶר יַעֲקֹ֤ב אֶל־לָבָן֙ הָבָ֣ה אֶת־אִשְׁתִּ֔י כִּ֥י מָלְא֖וּ יָמָ֑י וְאָב֖וֹאָה אֵלֶֽיהָ׃ 22 וַיֶּאֱסֹ֥ף לָבָ֛ן אֶת־כָּל־אַנְשֵׁ֥י הַמָּק֖וֹם וַיַּ֥עַשׂ מִשְׁתֶּֽה׃ 23 וַיְהִ֣י בָעֶ֔רֶב וַיִּקַּח֙ אֶת־לֵאָ֣ה בִתּוֹ֔ וַיָּבֵ֥א אֹתָ֖הּ אֵלָ֑יו וַיָּבֹ֖א אֵלֶֽיהָ׃
Vocabulary
Verse 21
לבן name: “Laban”
יהב verb (Qal imperative 2ms w/ cohortative suffix): “come” (BDB, 396)
Verse 22
משׁתה “feast; drink” (BDB, 1059)
Verse 23
ערב noun: “evening”
לאה name: “Leah”
Syntax & Misc.
Verse 21
- Clause Typology 1 (וַיֹּ֨אמֶר יַעֲקֹ֤ב אֶל־לָבָן֙ הָבָ֣ה אֶת־אִשְׁתִּ֔י כִּ֥י מָלְא֖וּ יָמָ֑י וְאָב֖וֹאָה אֵלֶֽיהָ): V-S-M-O
- Clause Typology A (הָבָ֣ה אֶת־אִשְׁתִּ֔י): V-O
- The verb, יהב, the typical verb of giving in Aramaic only occurs in BH in the imperative (J-M 75k).
- Stress shifts to the second syllable of the verb, הבה, possibly to avoid elision with the following aleph (J-M 33a; W-O 40.2.5c).
- Clause Typology B (כִּ֥י מָלְא֖וּ יָמָ֑י): V-S
- Clause Typology C (וְאָב֖וֹאָה אֵלֶֽיהָ): V-M
- The use of the cohortative is enigmatic (cf. J-M 116b; GKC 165a)
Verse 22
- Clause Typology 1 (וַיֶּאֱסֹ֥ף לָבָ֛ן אֶת־כָּל־אַנְשֵׁ֥י הַמָּק֖וֹם): V-S-O
- Clause Typology 2 (וַיַּ֥עַשׂ מִשְׁתֶּֽה): V-O
- The final he of the verb, עשה, elides with the retraction of stress of the waw-consecutive imperfect.
Verse 23
- Clause Typology 1 (וַיְהִ֣י בָעֶ֔רֶב): V-M
- Clause Typology 2 (וַיִּקַּח֙ אֶת־לֵאָ֣ה בִתּוֹ֔): V-O
- Clause Typology 3 (וַיָּבֵ֥א אֹתָ֖הּ אֵלָ֑יו): V-O-M
- Clause Typology 4 (וַיָּבֹ֖א אֵלֶֽיהָ): V-M
Aug
07
2008
וַיֶּאֱהַ֥ב יַעֲקֹ֖ב אֶת־רָחֵ֑ל וַיֹּ֗אמֶר אֶֽעֱבָדְךָ֙ שֶׁ֣בַע שָׁנִ֔ים בְּרָחֵ֥ל בִּתְּךָ֖ הַקְּטַנָּֽה׃ 19 וַיֹּ֣אמֶר לָבָ֗ן ט֚וֹב תִּתִּ֣י אֹתָ֣הּ לָ֔ךְ מִתִּתִּ֥י אֹתָ֖הּ לְאִ֣ישׁ אַחֵ֑ר שְׁבָ֖ה עִמָּדִֽי׃ 20 וַיַּעֲבֹ֧ד יַעֲקֹ֛ב בְּרָחֵ֖ל שֶׁ֣בַע שָׁנִ֑ים וַיִּהְי֤וּ בְעֵינָיו֙ כְּיָמִ֣ים אֲחָדִ֔ים בְּאַהֲבָתוֹ֖ אֹתָֽהּ׃
Vocabulary
Verse 18
רחל name: “Rachel”
קטן adjective: “small; young” (BDB, 881)
Verse 19
לבן name: “Laban”
Verse 20
אהב verb: “love” (BDB, 13)
Syntax & Misc.
Verse 18
- Clause Typology 1 (וַיֶּאֱהַ֥ב יַעֲקֹ֖ב אֶת־רָחֵ֑ל): V-S-O
- Clause Typology 2 (וַיֹּ֗אמֶר אֶֽעֱבָדְךָ֙ שֶׁ֣בַע שָׁנִ֔ים בְּרָחֵ֥ל בִּתְּךָ֖ הַקְּטַנָּֽה): V-O
- Embedded Typology A (אֶֽעֱבָדְךָ֙ שֶׁ֣בַע שָׁנִ֔ים בְּרָחֵ֥ל בִּתְּךָ֖ הַקְּטַנָּֽה): V-O-M
- The beth preposition is used as a condition of the request, which may be translated as “for” (GKC 119p).
- The noun phrase, בתך הקטנה, is in apposition to the proper name.
- The comparative of קטן is used here, הקטנה (cf. GKC 133f).
Verse 19
- Clause Typology 1 (וַיֹּ֣אמֶר לָבָ֗ן ט֚וֹב תִּתִּ֣י אֹתָ֣הּ לָ֔ךְ מִתִּתִּ֥י אֹתָ֖הּ לְאִ֣ישׁ אַחֵ֑ר שְׁבָ֖ה עִמָּדִֽי):
- Embedded Typology A (ט֚וֹב תִּתִּ֣י אֹתָ֣הּ לָ֔ךְ מִתִּתִּ֥י אֹתָ֖הּ לְאִ֣ישׁ אַחֵ֑ר): P-S-M
- The subject of the verbless clause is headed by the infinitive, תתי (cf. J-M 124b).
- The מן of מתתי is functioning as a comparative (GKC 133a; J-M 141g).
- Embedded Typology i (תִּתִּ֣י אֹתָ֣הּ לָ֔ךְ): V-S-O-M
- The initial unit is an infinitive of נתן with a 1cs pronominal suffix, which functions as the subject of the verbal unit (cf. GKC 115d).
- Embedded Typology ii (מִתִּתִּ֥י אֹתָ֖הּ לְאִ֣ישׁ אַחֵ֑ר): V-S-O-M
- The nun of the initial מן is assimilated to the identical verb as the previous embedded clause.
- Embedded Typology B (שְׁבָ֖ה עִמָּדִֽי):
Verse 20
- Clause Typology 1 (וַיַּעֲבֹ֧ד יַעֲקֹ֛ב בְּרָחֵ֖ל שֶׁ֣בַע שָׁנִ֑ים): V-S-M
- See note above on verse 18 on the use of the beth preposition.
- Clause Typology 2 (וַיִּהְי֤וּ בְעֵינָיו֙ כְּיָמִ֣ים אֲחָדִ֔ים בְּאַהֲבָתוֹ֖ אֹתָֽהּ): V-M
- The unexpressed plural subject is the שׁבע שׁנים of the previous clause.
- The construction of אחד with a plural unit of time connotes the idea of a “few, several” (W-O 15.2.1d).
- Here the beth functions to relate a causal relationship—“because of.”
- Embedded Typology A (בְּאַהֲבָתוֹ֖ אֹתָֽהּ): V-S-O
- The form, אהבתו, is probably best analyzed as a secondary form of the Qal infinitive with 3ms suffix (cf. Micah 6:8), though it does not follow the standard pattern (אֱהֹב).
Aug
06
2008
וַיֹּ֤אמֶר לָבָן֙ לְיַעֲקֹ֔ב הֲכִי־אָחִ֣י אַ֔תָּה וַעֲבַדְתַּ֖נִי חִנָּ֑ם הַגִּ֥ידָה לִּ֖י מַה־מַּשְׂכֻּרְתֶּֽךָ׃ 16 וּלְלָבָ֖ן שְׁתֵּ֣י בָנ֑וֹת שֵׁ֤ם הַגְּדֹלָה֙ לֵאָ֔ה וְשֵׁ֥ם הַקְּטַנָּ֖ה רָחֵֽל׃ 17 וְעֵינֵ֥י לֵאָ֖ה רַכּ֑וֹת וְרָחֵל֙ הָֽיְתָ֔ה יְפַת־תֹּ֖אַר וִיפַ֥ת מַרְאֶֽה׃
Vocabulary
Verse 15
לבן name: “Laban”
חנם adverb: “out of favor; for nothing”
משכרת noun: “wages” (BDB, 969)
Verse 16
לאה name: “Leah”
קטן adjective: “small” (BDB, 881)
רחל name: “Rachel”
Verse 17
רך adjective: “tender” (BDB, 940)
יפה adjective: “beautiful” (BDB, 421)
תאר noun: “form” (BDB, 1061)
מראה noun: “sight, vision” (BDB, 909)
Syntax & Misc.
Verse 15
- Clause Typology 1 (וַיֹּ֤אמֶר לָבָן֙ לְיַעֲקֹ֔ב הֲכִי־אָחִ֣י אַ֔תָּה וַעֲבַדְתַּ֖נִי חִנָּ֑ם הַגִּ֥ידָה לִּ֖י מַה־מַּשְׂכֻּרְתֶּֽךָ): V-S-M-O
- Embedded Typology A (הֲכִי־אָחִ֣י אַ֔תָּה): P-S
- The idiom הכי may be used for a question expecting a positive answer—“is it not true that you are my brother?” (GKC 150e; J-M 161j).
- Embedded Typology B (וַעֲבַדְתַּ֖נִי חִנָּ֑ם): V-O-M
- Embedded Typology C (הַגִּ֥ידָה לִּ֖י): V-M
- The verbal form is a Hiphil imperative ms with a cohortative ending.
- The dagesh לי is conjunctive.
- Embedded Typology D (מַה־מַּשְׂכֻּרְתֶּֽךָ): S-P
- A dagesh usually follows the particle, מה.
Verse 16
- Clause Typology 1 (וּלְלָבָ֖ן שְׁתֵּ֣י בָנ֑וֹת): P-S
- This clause demonstrates the typical Semitic idiom of possession/ownership (GKC 141m); one says “X is to Y,” that is “Y has X”.
- Clause Typology 2 (שֵׁ֤ם הַגְּדֹלָה֙ לֵאָ֔ה): S-P
- The comparison is between the two daughters, older and younger (GKC 133f).
- Clause Typology 3 (וְשֵׁ֥ם הַקְּטַנָּ֖ה רָחֵֽל): S-P
Verse 17
- Clause Typology 1 (וְעֵינֵ֥י לֵאָ֖ה רַכּ֑וֹת): S-P
- As the dual is not a productive number in BH, it is regularly construed with the plural (GKC 145n).
- Clause Typology 1 (וְרָחֵל֙ הָֽיְתָ֔ה יְפַת־תֹּ֖אַר וִיפַ֥ת מַרְאֶֽה): S-V-O
- The constructs, יפת תאר and יפת מראה, are genitives of specification.