Archive for July, 2008

Jul 18 2008

Genesis 28:17-18

Published by Hardy under Genesis

וַיַּשְׁכֵּ֨ם יַעֲקֹ֜ב בַּבֹּ֗קֶר וַיִּקַּ֤ח אֶת־הָאֶ֨בֶן֙ אֲשֶׁר־שָׂ֣ם מְרַֽאֲשֹׁתָ֔יו וַיָּ֥שֶׂם אֹתָ֖הּ מַצֵּבָ֑ה וַיִּצֹ֥ק שֶׁ֖מֶן עַל־רֹאשָֽׁהּ׃ 19  וַיִּקְרָ֛א אֶת־שֵֽׁם־הַמָּק֥וֹם הַה֖וּא בֵּֽית־אֵ֑ל וְאוּלָ֛ם ל֥וּז שֵׁם־הָעִ֖יר לָרִאשֹׁנָֽה׃

Vocabulary

Verse 18

            שׁכם verb: “start early” (BDB, 1014)

            מראשׁות noun: “head-place” (BDB, 912)

            מצבה noun: “pillar, standing stone” (BDB, 663)

            יצק verb: “pour (out)” (BDB, 427)

Verse 19

            אולם adverb: “but” (BDB, 19)

            לוז name: “Luz”

            ראשׁון adjective: “first” (BDB, 911)

Syntax & Misc.

Verse 18

  • Clause Typology 1 (וַיַּשְׁכֵּ֨ם יַעֲקֹ֜ב בַּבֹּ֗קֶר): V-S-M
  • Clause Typology 2 (וַיִּקַּ֤ח אֶת־הָאֶ֨בֶן֙ אֲשֶׁר־שָׂ֣ם מְרַֽאֲשֹׁתָ֔יו): V-O-M
  • Embedded Typology A (שָׂ֣ם מְרַֽאֲשֹׁתָ֔יו): V-M
    • The noun is functioning adverbially, “at his head-rest.”
  • Clause Typology 3 (וַיָּ֥שֶׂם אֹתָ֖הּ מַצֵּבָ֑ה): V-O-OC
    • The 3fs suffix refers to the מראשׁה.
  • Clause Typology 4 (וַיִּצֹ֥ק שֶׁ֖מֶן עַל־רֹאשָֽׁהּ): V-O-M
    • An alternate form, וַיִּ֫צֶק, also is extant in 1 Kings 22:35 (cf. GKC 71).

Verse 19

  • Clause Typology 1 (וַיִּקְרָ֛א אֶת־שֵֽׁם־הַמָּק֥וֹם הַה֖וּא בֵּֽית־אֵ֑ל): V-O-OC
  • Clause Typology 2 (וְאוּלָ֛ם ל֥וּז שֵׁם־הָעִ֖יר לָרִאשֹׁנָֽה): P-S-M

 

 

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Jul 17 2008

Genesis 28:16-17

Published by Hardy under Genesis

וַיִּיקַ֣ץ יַעֲקֹב֮ מִשְּׁנָתוֹ֒ וַיֹּ֕אמֶר אָכֵן֙ יֵ֣שׁ יְהוָ֔ה בַּמָּק֖וֹם הַזֶּ֑ה וְאָנֹכִ֖י לֹ֥א יָדָֽעְתִּי׃ 17  וַיִּירָא֙ וַיֹּאמַ֔ר מַה־נּוֹרָ֖א הַמָּק֣וֹם הַזֶּ֑ה אֵ֣ין זֶ֗ה כִּ֚י אִם־בֵּ֣ית אֱלֹהִ֔ים וְזֶ֖ה שַׁ֥עַר הַשָּׁמָֽיִם׃

Vocabulary

Verse 16

            יקץ verb: “awake” (BDB, 429)

            שׁנה noun: “sleep” (BDB, 446)

            אכן interjection: “surely” (BDB, 38)

Verse 17

            ירא verb (Niphal perfect 3ms): “be fearful”

Syntax & Misc.

Verse 16

  • Clause Typology 1 (וַיִּיקַ֣ץ יַעֲקֹב֮ מִשְּׁנָתוֹ֒): V-S-M
    • The final word is the preposition מן with the nun assimilated to the following noun with the pronominal.
  • Clause Typology 2 (וַיֹּ֕אמֶר אָכֵן֙ יֵ֣שׁ יְהוָ֔ה בַּמָּק֖וֹם הַזֶּ֑ה וְאָנֹכִ֖י לֹ֥א יָדָֽעְתִּי): V-O
  • Clause Typology A (אָכֵן֙ יֵ֣שׁ יְהוָ֔ה בַּמָּק֖וֹם הַזֶּ֑ה): M-P-S-M
    • אכן is used to express a strong affirmative (MNK 41.3.4; cf. J-M 164a).
  • Clause Typology 3 (וְאָנֹכִ֖י לֹ֥א יָדָֽעְתִּי): S-V

Verse 17

  • Clause Typology 1 (וַיִּירָא֙): V
  • Clause Typology 2 (וַיֹּאמַ֔ר מַה־נּוֹרָ֖א הַמָּק֣וֹם הַזֶּ֑ה אֵ֣ין זֶ֗ה כִּ֚י אִם־בֵּ֣ית אֱלֹהִ֔ים וְזֶ֖ה שַׁ֥עַר הַשָּׁמָֽיִם): V-O
  • Embedded Typology A (מַה־נּוֹרָ֖א הַמָּק֣וֹם הַזֶּ֑ה): V-S
    • The particle, מה, may be used to mark and exclamation or admiration, “O how!” (GKC 148b).
  • Embedded Typology B (אֵ֣ין זֶ֗ה כִּ֚י אִם־בֵּ֣ית אֱלֹהִ֔ים): S-P
    • Possibly to be interpreted rhetorically.
    • The particles, כי אם, denote the restrictive idea: “except, unless.”
  • Embedded Typology C (וְזֶ֖ה שַׁ֥עַר הַשָּׁמָֽיִם): S-P

 

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Jul 16 2008

Genesis 28:13-15

Published by Hardy under Genesis

וְהִנֵּ֨ה יְהוָ֜ה נִצָּ֣ב עָלָיו֮ וַיֹּאמַר֒ אֲנִ֣י יְהוָ֗ה אֱלֹהֵי֙ אַבְרָהָ֣ם אָבִ֔יךָ וֵאלֹהֵ֖י יִצְחָ֑ק הָאָ֗רֶץ אֲשֶׁ֤ר אַתָּה֙ שֹׁכֵ֣ב עָלֶ֔יהָ לְךָ֥ אֶתְּנֶ֖נָּה וּלְזַרְעֶֽךָ׃ 14  וְהָיָ֤ה זַרְעֲךָ֙ כַּעֲפַ֣ר הָאָ֔רֶץ וּפָרַצְתָּ֛ יָ֥מָּה וָקֵ֖דְמָה וְצָפֹ֣נָה וָנֶ֑גְבָּה וְנִבְרֲכ֥וּ בְךָ֛ כָּל־מִשְׁפְּחֹ֥ת הָאֲדָמָ֖ה וּבְזַרְעֶֽךָ׃ 15  וְהִנֵּ֨ה אָנֹכִ֜י עִמָּ֗ךְ וּשְׁמַרְתִּ֨יךָ֙ בְּכֹ֣ל אֲשֶׁר־תֵּלֵ֔ךְ וַהֲשִׁ֣בֹתִ֔יךָ אֶל־הָאֲדָמָ֖ה הַזֹּ֑את כִּ֚י לֹ֣א אֶֽעֱזָבְךָ֔ עַ֚ד אֲשֶׁ֣ר אִם־עָשִׂ֔יתִי אֵ֥ת אֲשֶׁר־דִּבַּ֖רְתִּי לָֽךְ׃

Vocabulary

Verse 13

            נצב verb (Niphal participle msa): “stand” (BDB, 662)

Verse 14

            עפר noun: “dust” (BDB, 779)

            פרץ verb: “break through; increase” (BDB, 829)

            קדם noun: “east” (BDB, 870)

            צפון noun: “north” (BDB, 860)

            נגב  “Negeb; south”

Verse 15

            עזב verb: “leave, forsake”

Syntax & Misc.

Verse 13

  • Clause Typology 1 (וְהִנֵּ֨ה יְהוָ֜ה נִצָּ֣ב עָלָיו֮): S-V-M
    • The clause may be also analyzed as non-verbal, S-P.
  • Clause Typology 2 (וַיֹּאמַר֒ אֲנִ֣י יְהוָ֗ה אֱלֹהֵי֙ אַבְרָהָ֣ם אָבִ֔יךָ וֵאלֹהֵ֖י יִצְחָ֑ק הָאָ֗רֶץ אֲשֶׁ֤ר אַתָּה֙ שֹׁכֵ֣ב עָלֶ֔יהָ לְךָ֥ אֶתְּנֶ֖נָּה וּלְזַרְעֶֽךָ): V-O
  • Embedded Typology A (אֲנִ֣י יְהוָ֗ה אֱלֹהֵי֙ אַבְרָהָ֣ם אָבִ֔יךָ וֵאלֹהֵ֖י יִצְחָ֑ק): S-P
  • Embedded Typology B (הָאָ֗רֶץ אֲשֶׁ֤ר אַתָּה֙ שֹׁכֵ֣ב עָלֶ֔יהָ לְךָ֥ אֶתְּנֶ֖נָּה וּלְזַרְעֶֽךָ): O-M-V{-O}-M
    • The fronted element (casus pendens) is reiterated by the verbal object suffix (J-M 156c).
  • Embedded Typology i (אַתָּה֙ שֹׁכֵ֣ב עָלֶ֔יהָ): S-V-M
    • The clause may be also analyzed as non-verbal, S-P.
    • The relative particle, אשׁר, is resumed by the prepositional object עליה, that is, the pronominal suffix (W-O 19.3b; “retrospective suffix” GKC 143b).

Verse 14

  • Embedded Typology C (וְהָיָ֤ה זַרְעֲךָ֙ כַּעֲפַ֣ר הָאָ֔רֶץ): V-S-M
    • The preposition, kaf, is used as a comparative (“as, like”).
  • Embedded Typology D (וּפָרַצְתָּ֛ יָ֥מָּה וָקֵ֖דְמָה וְצָפֹ֣נָה וָנֶ֑גְבָּה): V-M
    • Each of the geographical/cardinal directions has a locative suffix attached.
  • Embedded Typology E (וְנִבְרֲכ֥וּ בְךָ֛ כָּל־מִשְׁפְּחֹ֥ת הָאֲדָמָ֖ה וּבְזַרְעֶֽךָ): V-M-S-M
    • The subject phrase, כל משׁפחת, is used with a plural verb.  The compound modifying clause is divided by the subject phrase.

Verse 15

  • Embedded Typology F (וְהִנֵּ֨ה אָנֹכִ֜י עִמָּ֗ךְ): S-P
  • Embedded Typology G (וּשְׁמַרְתִּ֨יךָ֙ בְּכֹ֣ל אֲשֶׁר־תֵּלֵ֔ךְ): V-O-M
  • Embedded Typology i (תֵּלֵ֔ךְ): V
  • Embedded Typology H (וַהֲשִׁ֣בֹתִ֔יךָ אֶל־הָאֲדָמָ֖ה הַזֹּ֑את): V-M
    • The Hiphil stem here is causative with a one-place object: “I will cause you to return” (cf. W-O 27.2b).
  • Embedded Typology I (כִּ֚י לֹ֣א אֶֽעֱזָבְךָ֔ עַ֚ד אֲשֶׁ֣ר אִם־עָשִׂ֔יתִי אֵ֥ת אֲשֶׁר־דִּבַּ֖רְתִּי לָֽךְ): V-O-M
    • The preposition, עד, is used temporally.
    • The perfect functions aspectually as completed action (cf. J-M 112i).
  • Embedded Typology i (אִם־עָשִׂ֔יתִי אֵ֥ת אֲשֶׁר־דִּבַּ֖רְתִּי לָֽךְ): V-O
    • The object of the verb is a embedded clause.
  • Embedded Typology a (דִּבַּ֖רְתִּי לָֽךְ): V-M

 

 

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Jul 10 2008

Zincirli Archaeological Excavation

Published by Hardy under Archeology

 

As several readers may know, I will be traveling over the next few days to Zincirli, Turkey (ancient Sam’al, Google map) for the summer excavation by the Oriental Institute (Chicago Chronicle article).  DailyHebrew.com should continue, nevertheless, albeit from Turkey.  My time will be limited so responses to comments and/or emails may be a bit sluggish, but posting should continue as internet access has been promised onsite.

 

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Jul 10 2008

Genesis 28:10-12

Published by Hardy under Genesis

וַיֵּצֵ֥א יַעֲקֹ֖ב מִבְּאֵ֣ר שָׁ֑בַע וַיֵּ֖לֶךְ חָרָֽנָה׃ 11  וַיִּפְגַּ֨ע בַּמָּק֜וֹם וַיָּ֤לֶן שָׁם֙ כִּי־בָ֣א הַשֶּׁ֔מֶשׁ וַיִּקַּח֙ מֵאַבְנֵ֣י הַמָּק֔וֹם וַיָּ֖שֶׂם מְרַֽאֲשֹׁתָ֑יו וַיִּשְׁכַּ֖ב בַּמָּק֥וֹם הַהֽוּא׃ 12  וַֽיַּחֲלֹ֗ם וְהִנֵּ֤ה סֻלָּם֙ מֻצָּ֣ב אַ֔רְצָה וְרֹאשֹׁ֖ו מַגִּ֣יעַ הַשָּׁמָ֑יְמָה וְהִנֵּה֙ מַלְאֲכֵ֣י אֱלֹהִ֔ים עֹלִ֥ים וְיֹרְדִ֖ים בּוֹֽ׃

Vocabulary

Verse 10

            באר שׁבע name: “Beersheba”

            חרן name: “Haran”

Verse 11

            פגע verb: “encounter, meet; reach” (BDB, 803)

            לין verb: “lodge; spend the night” (BDB, 533)

            שׁמשׁ noun: “sun”

            מראשׁות noun: “head-place, head-rest” (BDB, 912)

Verse 12

            חלם verb: “dream” (BDB, 321)

            סלם noun: “flight of steps, stepped ramp” (BDB, 700; HALOT 757)

            נצב verb (Hophal passive participle msa): “fixed, set up” (BDB, 662)

 

Syntax & Misc.

Verse 10

·        Clause Typology 1 (וַיֵּצֵ֥א יַעֲקֹ֖ב מִבְּאֵ֣ר שָׁ֑בַע): V-S-M

·        Clause Typology 2 (וַיֵּ֖לֶךְ חָרָֽנָה): V-M

o       The final suffix on חרן is locative.

Verse 11

  • Clause Typology 1 (וַיִּפְגַּ֨ע בַּמָּק֜וֹם): V-M
  • Clause Typology 2 (וַיָּ֤לֶן שָׁם֙): V-M
  • Clause Typology 3 (כִּי־בָ֣א הַשֶּׁ֔מֶשׁ): V-S
    • The idiom “the sun was entering” refers to the evening, that is, the English idiom “the setting of the sun.”
  • Clause Typology 4 (וַיִּקַּח֙ מֵאַבְנֵ֣י הַמָּק֔וֹם): V-O
    • The partially assimilated מן preposition is functioning as a partitive.
  • Clause Typology 5 (וַיָּ֖שֶׂם מְרַֽאֲשֹׁתָ֑יו): V-M
  • Clause Typology 6 (וַיִּשְׁכַּ֖ב בַּמָּק֥וֹם הַהֽוּא): V-M

Verse 12

  • Clause Typology 1 (וַֽיַּחֲלֹ֗ם): V
    • This clause ends a long narrative sequence of waw-consecutives.  It is interrupted in order to describe Jacob’s dream.
  • Clause Typology 2 (וְהִנֵּ֤ה סֻלָּם֙ מֻצָּ֣ב אַ֔רְצָה): P
    • The particle הנה is a deictic or presentative particle.
    • The final suffix on ארץ is locative
  • Clause Typology 3 (וְרֹאשֹׁ֖ו מַגִּ֣יעַ הַשָּׁמָ֑יְמָה): S-P
    • The final suffix on שׁמים is locative.
  • Clause Typology 4 (וְהִנֵּה֙ מַלְאֲכֵ֣י אֱלֹהִ֔ים עֹלִ֥ים וְיֹרְדִ֖ים בּוֹ): S-P
    • The predicate here is made up of two active participles.
    • The suffix refers to the סלם.

 

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