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וַיֹּ֕אמֶר אַתָּ֥ה זֶ֖ה בְּנִ֣י עֵשָׂ֑ו וַיֹּ֖אמֶר אָֽנִי׃ 25  וַיֹּ֗אמֶר הַגִּ֤שָׁה לִּי֙ וְאֹֽכְלָה֙ מִצֵּ֣יד בְּנִ֔י לְמַ֥עַן תְּבָֽרֶכְךָ֖ נַפְשִׁ֑י וַיַּגֶּשׁ־לוֹ֙ וַיֹּאכַ֔ל וַיָּ֧בֵא לוֹ֦ יַ֖יִן וַיֵּֽשְׁתְּ׃ 26  וַיֹּ֥אמֶר אֵלָ֖יו יִצְחָ֣ק אָבִ֑יו גְּשָׁה־נָּ֥א וּשְׁקָה־לִּ֖י בְּנִֽי׃

Vocabulary

Verse 24

            עשו name: “Esau”

Verse 25

            נגשׁ verb (Hiphil perfect 3ms cohortative): “come near”

            ציד noun: “game”

            יין noun: “wine”

Verse 26

            נשׁק verb (Qal imperative ms cohortative): “kiss”

Syntax & Misc.

Verse 24

·                    Clause Typology 1 (וַיֹּ֕אמֶר אַתָּ֥ה זֶ֖ה בְּנִ֣י עֵשָׂ֑ו): V-O

·                    Embedded Typology A (אַתָּ֥ה זֶ֖ה בְּנִ֣י עֵשָׂ֑ו): S-P

• This is an unmarked interrogative clause (cf. GKC 150a).

·                    Clause Typology 2 (וַיֹּ֖אמֶר אָֽנִי): V-O

·                    Embedded Typology A (אָֽנִי): P

Verse 25

·                    Clause Typology 1 (וַיֹּ֗אמֶר הַגִּ֤שָׁה לִּי֙ וְאֹֽכְלָה֙ מִצֵּ֣יד בְּנִ֔י לְמַ֥עַן תְּבָֽרֶכְךָ֖ נַפְשִׁ֑י וַיַּגֶּשׁ־לוֹ֙ וַיֹּאכַ֔ל וַיָּ֧בֵא לוֹ֦ יַ֖יִן וַיֵּֽשְׁתְּ): V-O

·                    Embedded Typology A (הַגִּ֤שָׁה לִּי֙): V-M

• The dagesh in the lamed is a dagesh forte conjunctivum.

·                    Embedded Typology B (וְאֹֽכְלָה֙ מִצֵּ֣יד בְּנִ֔י): V-O

• The מן is partitive.

·                    Embedded Typology C (לְמַ֥עַן תְּבָֽרֶכְךָ֖ נַפְשִׁ֑י): V-O-S

·                    Clause Typology 2 (וַיַּגֶּשׁ־לוֹ֙): V-M

·                    Clause Typology 3 (וַיֹּאכַ֔ל): V

·                    Clause Typology 4 (וַיָּ֧בֵא לוֹ֦ יַ֖יִן): V-M-O

·                    Clause Typology 5 (וַיֵּֽשְׁתְּ): V

• The final vowel is apocopated as the waw-consecutive takes the short prefix form of the final weak root, שׁתה.

Verse 26

·                    Clause Typology 1 (וַיֹּ֥אמֶר אֵלָ֖יו יִצְחָ֣ק אָבִ֑יו גְּשָׁה־נָּ֥א וּשְׁקָה־לִּ֖י בְּנִֽי): V-M-S-O

• Both imperatives have cohortative (paragogic he) endings and the following monosyllabic morpheme begins with dagesh forte conjunctivum.

·                    Embedded Typology A (גְּשָׁה־נָּ֥א): V

·                    Embedded Typology B (וּשְׁקָה־לִּ֖י בְּנִֽי): V-M

וַיֹּ֤אמֶר יִצְחָק֙ אֶֽל־יַעֲקֹ֔ב גְּשָׁה־נָּ֥א וַאֲמֻֽשְׁךָ֖ בְּנִ֑י הַֽאַתָּ֥ה זֶ֛ה בְּנִ֥י עֵשָׂ֖ו אִם־לֹֽא׃ 22  וַיִּגַּ֧שׁ יַעֲקֹ֛ב אֶל־יִצְחָ֥ק אָבִ֖יו וַיְמֻשֵּׁ֑הוּ וַיֹּ֗אמֶר הַקֹּל֙ ק֣וֹל יַעֲקֹ֔ב וְהַיָּדַ֖יִם יְדֵ֥י עֵשָֽׂו׃ 23  וְלֹ֣א הִכִּירֹ֔ו כִּֽי־הָי֣וּ יָדָ֗יו כִּידֵ֛י עֵשָׂ֥ו אָחִ֖יו שְׂעִרֹ֑ת וַֽיְבָרְכֵֽהוּ׃

Vocabulary

Verse 21

            נגשׁ verb (Qal imperative ms cohortative): “come near” (BDB, 620)

            משׁשׁ verb (Qal waw-consecutive imperfect 1cs) : “touch” (BDB, 606)

            עשו name: “Esau”

Verse 22

            נגשׁ verb: “come near” (BDB, 620)

            משׁשׁ verb: “touch” (BDB, 606)

Verse 23

            נכר verb (Hiphil perfect 3ms w/ 3ms suffix): “recognize” (BDB, 647)

            שעיר adjective (feminine plural absolute): “hairy” (BDB, 972)

Syntax & Misc.

Verse 21

·                    Clause Typology 1 (וַיֹּ֤אמֶר יִצְחָק֙ אֶֽל־יַעֲקֹ֔ב גְּשָׁה־נָּ֥א וַאֲמֻֽשְׁךָ֖ בְּנִ֑י הַֽאַתָּ֥ה זֶ֛ה בְּנִ֥י עֵשָׂ֖ו אִם־לֹֽא): V-S-M-O

·                    Embedded Typology A (גְּשָׁה־נָּ֥א): V

·                    Embedded Typology B (וַאֲמֻֽשְׁךָ֖ בְּנִ֑י): V-O

• Some have suggested a bi-form, מושׁ, of the geminate root (J-M 82o).

·                    Embedded Typology C (הַֽאַתָּ֥ה זֶ֛ה בְּנִ֥י עֵשָׂ֖ו אִם־לֹֽא): S-P

• The sequencing of אִם … הַ is used here as “whether … or” (GKC 150i).
• The demonstrative may be used as a near marker, deictic particle (cf. GKC 136d; J-M 143a).

Verse 22

·                    Clause Typology 1 (וַיִּגַּ֧שׁ יַעֲקֹ֛ב אֶל־יִצְחָ֥ק אָבִ֖יו): V-S-M

·                    Clause Typology 2 (וַיְמֻשֵּׁ֑הוּ): V-O

·                    Clause Typology 3 (וַיֹּ֗אמֶר הַקֹּל֙ ק֣וֹל יַעֲקֹ֔ב וְהַיָּדַ֖יִם יְדֵ֥י עֵשָֽׂו): V-O

·                    Embedded Typology A (הַקֹּל֙ ק֣וֹל יַעֲקֹ֔ב): S-P

·                    Embedded Typology B (וְהַיָּדַ֖יִם יְדֵ֥י עֵשָֽׂו): S-P

• The waw functions as a disjunctive.
• The word יד may refer not only to the hand, that is, the palm and fingers, but also to the forearm.

Verse 23

·                    Clause Typology 1 (וְלֹ֣א הִכִּירֹ֔ו): V-O

·                    Clause Typology 2 (כִּֽי־הָי֣וּ יָדָ֗יו כִּידֵ֛י עֵשָׂ֥ו אָחִ֖יו שְׂעִרֹ֑ת): V-S-M-O

·                    Clause Typology 3 (וַֽיְבָרְכֵֽהוּ): V-O

וַיָּבֹ֥א אֶל־אָבִ֖יו וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אָבִ֑י וַיֹּ֣אמֶר הִנֶּ֔נִּי מִ֥י אַתָּ֖ה בְּנִֽי׃ 19  וַיֹּ֨אמֶר יַעֲקֹ֜ב אֶל־אָבִ֗יו אָנֹכִי֙ עֵשָׂ֣ו בְּכֹרֶ֔ךָ עָשִׂ֕יתִי כַּאֲשֶׁ֥ר דִּבַּ֖רְתָּ אֵלָ֑י קֽוּם־נָ֣א שְׁבָ֗ה וְאָכְלָה֙ מִצֵּידִ֔י בַּעֲב֖וּר תְּבָרֲכַ֥נִּי נַפְשֶֽׁךָ׃ 20  וַיֹּ֤אמֶר יִצְחָק֙ אֶל־בְּנֹ֔ו מַה־זֶּ֛ה מִהַ֥רְתָּ לִמְצֹ֖א בְּנִ֑י וַיֹּ֕אמֶר כִּ֥י הִקְרָ֛ה יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֶ֖יךָ לְפָנָֽי׃

Vocabulary

Verse 19

            בכר noun: “firstborn” (BDB, 114)

            ציד noun: “hunting, game” (BDB, 844)

            עבור preposition: “because; for the sake of” (BDB, 721)

Verse 20

            מהר verb (Piel perfect 2ms): “hasten, come quickly; bring quickly” (BDB, 554)

            קרה verb (Hiphil perfect 3ms): “cause to occur” (BDB, 899)

Syntax & Misc.

Verse 18

·                    Clause Typology 1 (וַיָּבֹ֥א אֶל־אָבִ֖יו): V-M

·                    Clause Typology 2 (וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אָבִ֑י): V-O

• The object is the content of the direct speech.

·                    Embedded Typology A (אָבִ֑י): P

·                    Clause Typology 3 (וַיֹּ֣אמֶר הִנֶּ֔נִּי מִ֥י אַתָּ֖ה בְּנִֽי):  V-O

• The quotative frame, ויאמר, is repeated to indicate that the speaker/subject has changed from Jacob to Isaac.

·                    Embedded Typology A (הִנֶּ֔נִּי מִ֥י אַתָּ֖ה בְּנִֽי): S-P

• This form of the deictic particle, הנה, is only found elsewhere in Gen 22:7 (J-M 102k).
• In this clause, מי marks an interrogative (i.e. a question).
• The vocative בני is in apposition to the predicate, אתה.

Verse 19

·                    Clause Typology 1 (וַיֹּ֨אמֶר יַעֲקֹ֜ב אֶל־אָבִ֗יו אָנֹכִי֙ עֵשָׂ֣ו בְּכֹרֶ֔ךָ עָשִׂ֕יתִי כַּאֲשֶׁ֥ר דִּבַּ֖רְתָּ אֵלָ֑י קֽוּם־נָ֣א שְׁבָ֗ה וְאָכְלָה֙ מִצֵּידִ֔י בַּעֲב֖וּר תְּבָרֲכַ֥נִּי נַפְשֶֽׁךָ): V-S-O

·                    Embedded Typology A (אָנֹכִי֙ עֵשָׂ֣ו בְּכֹרֶ֔ךָ): S-P

• One could instead understand these two embedded clauses as one wherein the subject is made up of three appositional nominals—אנכי, עשו, and בכרך.  However, the present analysis is to be preferred as an answer to the previous question: “Who are you?” (see J-M 154g for a comparison between Jacob and Esau’s response.)

·                    Embedded Typology B (עָשִׂ֕יתִי כַּאֲשֶׁ֥ר דִּבַּ֖רְתָּ אֵלָ֑י): V-M

·                    Embedded Typology i (דִּבַּ֖רְתָּ אֵלָ֑י): V-M

·                    Embedded Typology C (קֽוּם־נָ֣א שְׁבָ֗ה): V

• The two verbal ideas must be understood as a hendiadys (otherwise one would need to translate quite absurdly, “get up now sit down”) and may be translated as “please come sit down” or the like.
• On the paragogic ending, see J-M 48d.

·                    Embedded Typology D (וְאָכְלָה֙ מִצֵּידִ֔י בַּעֲב֖וּר תְּבָרֲכַ֥נִּי נַפְשֶֽׁךָ): V-M

• The partially assimilated מִן preposition is functioning as a partitive, meaning “some of.”
• The preposition, בעבור, is used with the imperfect/prefix form to demonstrate potential purpose (“so that you might…”).

·                    Embedded Typology i (תְּבָרֲכַ֥נִּי נַפְשֶֽׁךָ): V-O-M

• The suffix with an “a-class” vowel is the infrequent form (cf. GKC 60d, J-M 63a); one expects the ending  ֶ֫נִּי.
• Reflexives are construed by using נפשׁ—here the subject is a reflexive, “you yourself.”

Verse 20

·                    Clause Typology 1 (וַיֹּ֤אמֶר יִצְחָק֙ אֶל־בְּנֹ֔ו מַה־זֶּ֛ה מִהַ֥רְתָּ לִמְצֹ֖א בְּנִ֑י): V-S-M-O

·                    Embedded Typology A (מַה־זֶּ֛ה מִהַ֥רְתָּ לִמְצֹ֖א בְּנִ֑י): O-V-M

• The particle conjoined with the demonstrative, מה־זה, may have the nuance of an interrogative “how now?” (GKC 136c), “how on earth?” (J-M 143g), “how did you ever?” (W-O 17.4.3c), or an exclamative (GKC 148b).
• The final word of this clause is vocative.

·                    Clause Typology 2 (וַיֹּ֕אמֶר כִּ֥י הִקְרָ֛ה יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֶ֖יךָ לְפָנָֽי): V-O

• The particle כי may mark a causal relationship (cf. GKC 157b).

·                    Embedded Typology A (כִּ֥י הִקְרָ֛ה יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֶ֖יךָ לְפָנָֽי): V-S-M

• The implied object of הקרה “cause to occur” is fortune or good luck.

וַתִּקַּ֣ח רִ֠בְקָה אֶת־בִּגְדֵ֨י עֵשָׂ֜ו בְּנָ֤הּ הַגָּדֹל֙ הַחֲמֻדֹ֔ת אֲשֶׁ֥ר אִתָּ֖הּ בַּבָּ֑יִת וַתַּלְבֵּ֥שׁ אֶֽת־יַעֲקֹ֖ב בְּנָ֥הּ הַקָּטָֽן׃ 16  וְאֵ֗ת עֹרֹת֙ גְּדָיֵ֣י הָֽעִזִּ֔ים הִלְבִּ֖ישָׁה עַל־יָדָ֑יו וְעַ֖ל חֶלְקַ֥ת צַוָּארָֽיו׃ 17  וַתִּתֵּ֧ן אֶת־הַמַּטְעַמִּ֛ים וְאֶת־הַלֶּ֖חֶם אֲשֶׁ֣ר עָשָׂ֑תָה בְּיַ֖ד יַעֲקֹ֥ב בְּנָֽהּ׃

Vocabulary

Verse 15

            עשו name: “Esau”

            חמדות noun: “desirable one” (BDB, 326)

            לבשׁ verb (Hiphil waw-consecutive imperfect 3fs): “dress” (BDB, 528)

            קטן adj: “small” (BDB, 881)

Verse 16

            עור noun: “hide, skin” (BDB, 736)

            גדי noun: “young male goat, kid” (BDB, 152)

            עז noun: “female goat” (BDB, 777)

            לבשׁ verb (Hiphil perfect 3fs): “dress” (BDB, 528)

            חלקה noun: “smooth part” (BDB, 325)

            צואר noun: “neck, back (of the neck)” (BDB, 848)

Verse 17

            מטעם noun: “savory food” (BDB, 381)

Syntax & Misc.

Verse 15-16

·                    Clause Typology 1 (וַתִּקַּ֣ח רִ֠בְקָה אֶת־בִּגְדֵ֨י עֵשָׂ֜ו בְּנָ֤הּ הַגָּדֹל֙ הַחֲמֻדֹ֔ת אֲשֶׁ֥ר אִתָּ֖הּ בַּבָּ֑יִת): V-S-O

• The substantive adjectives הגדל and הקטן (clause 2 below) are used as comparatives—“the older” and “the younger” son (GKC 133f).
• The referent of חמדות is best understood as the garments of Esau and not Esau himself.  Grammatically, one could argue that it begins a new verbless clause (S-P).

·                    Embedded Typology 1 (אִתָּ֖הּ בַּבָּ֑יִת): P

• The form אתה is pointed as the preposition.

·                    Clause Typology 2 (וַתַּלְבֵּ֥שׁ אֶֽת־יַעֲקֹ֖ב בְּנָ֥הּ הַקָּטָֽן): V-O

• The Hiphil of the verbal root לבשׁ (“to dress oneself; be dressed”) is causative “to cause someone to be dressed,” that is, “to dress someone.”

Verse 16

·                    Clause Typology 1 (וְאֵ֗ת עֹרֹת֙ גְּדָיֵ֣י הָֽעִזִּ֔ים הִלְבִּ֖ישָׁה עַל־יָדָ֑יו וְעַ֖ל חֶלְקַ֥ת צַוָּארָֽיו): M-V-M

• את should be understood as the preposition.
• The object of the verb is still יעקב though not explicitly mentioned in this clause.

Verse 17

·                    Clause Typology 1 (וַתִּתֵּ֧ן אֶת־הַמַּטְעַמִּ֛ים וְאֶת־הַלֶּ֖חֶם אֲשֶׁ֣ר עָשָׂ֑תָה בְּיַ֖ד יַעֲקֹ֥ב בְּנָֽהּ): V-O-M

• The initial verb is נתן as a Qal waw-consecutive imperfect 3fs wherein the first dagesh is the doubling of the consecutive form and the second represents the assimilation of the initial root radical.
• The final phrase, ביד יעקב בנה, modifies the main verb and not the embedded verb immediately preceding it.

·                    Embedded Typology A (עָשָׂ֑תָה): V

• The pausal form lengthens the accented syllable from the expected עָשְֹתָה to the present form.

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