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וַיִּגַּשׁ֙ וַיִּשַּׁק־לוֹ֔ וַיָּ֛רַח אֶת־רֵ֥יחַ בְּגָדָ֖יו וַֽיְבָרֲכֵ֑הוּ וַיֹּ֗אמֶר רְאֵה֙ רֵ֣יחַ בְּנִ֔י כְּרֵ֣יחַ שָׂדֶ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֥ר בֵּרֲכֹ֖ו יְהוָֽה׃ 28  וְיִֽתֶּן־לְךָ֙ הָאֱלֹהִ֔ים מִטַּל֙ הַשָּׁמַ֔יִם וּמִשְׁמַנֵּ֖י הָאָ֑רֶץ וְרֹ֥ב דָּגָ֖ן וְתִירֹֽשׁ׃ 29  יַֽעַבְד֣וּךָ עַמִּ֗ים וְיִשְׁתַּחֲוֻ לְךָ֙ לְאֻמִּ֔ים הֱוֵ֤ה גְבִיר֙ לְאַחֶ֔יךָ וְיִשְׁתַּחֲוּ֥וּ לְךָ֖ בְּנֵ֣י אִמֶּ֑ךָ אֹרְרֶ֣יךָ אָר֔וּר וּֽמְבָרֲכֶ֖יךָ בָּרֽוּךְ׃

Vocabulary

Verse 27

            נגשׁ verb: “come near” (BDB, 620)

            נשׁק verb: “kiss” (BDB, 676)

            רוח verb (Hiphil waw-consecutive imperfect 3ms): “smell” (BDB, 926)

            ריח noun: “scent” (BDB, 926)

Verse 28

            טל “dew” (BDB, 378)

            שׁמן “fertile, fatness” (BDB, 1032)

            דגן “grain” (BDB, 186)

            תירשׁ “wine” (BDB, 440)

Verse 29

חוה verb (Št [Hishtaphel] imperfect 3mpl): “bow down; worship” (HALOT, 295)

לאם “people” (BDB, 522)

גביר  “lord” (BDB, 150)

            ארר verb: “curse” (BDB, 76)

Syntax & Misc.

Verse 27

·                    Clause Typology 1 (וַיִּגַּשׁ֙): V

·                    Clause Typology 2 (וַיִּשַּׁק־לוֹ֔): V-M

·                    Clause Typology 3 (וַיָּ֛רַח אֶת־רֵ֥יחַ בְּגָדָ֖יו): V-O

·                    Clause Typology 4 (וַֽיְבָרֲכֵ֑הוּ): V-O

·                    Clause Typology 5 (וַיֹּ֗אמֶר רְאֵה֙ רֵ֣יחַ בְּנִ֔י כְּרֵ֣יחַ שָׂדֶ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֥ר בֵּרֲכֹ֖ו יְהוָֽה): V-O

·                    Embedded Typology A (רְאֵה֙ רֵ֣יחַ בְּנִ֔י כְּרֵ֣יחַ שָׂדֶ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֥ר בֵּרֲכֹ֖ו יְהוָֽה): V-O-M

• Notice the poetic character of the following clauses through verse 29.
• J-M 105d suggest that the imperative functions similarly to the presentative particle הִנֵּה.

·                    Embedded Typology i (בֵּרֲכֹ֖ו יְהוָֽה): V-O-S

Verse 28

·                    Embedded Typology B (וְיִֽתֶּן־לְךָ֙ הָאֱלֹהִ֔ים מִטַּל֙ הַשָּׁמַ֔יִם וּמִשְׁמַנֵּ֖י הָאָ֑רֶץ וְרֹ֥ב דָּגָ֖ן וְתִירֹֽשׁ): V-M-S-O

• The verbal form should be considered jussive/modal in the present context: “May he give” (the waw is considered pleonastic J-M 177l). The enclitic modifier takes the stress, thus causing the vowel changes (from יִתֵּן to יִתֶּן־).
• The four elements in the compound object clause are grammatically parallel: AA-BB. (the first two are marked by a partitive מן and the second two are not).
• The nun of the second object is assimilated as with the first object, but doubling is lost commonly with sibilants which have a reduced vowel (GKC 20m).

Verse 29

·                    Embedded Typology C (יַֽעַבְד֣וּךָ עַמִּ֗ים): V-O-S

• Each of the following six clauses is arranged as parallel pairs connected by waw.

·                    Embedded Typology D (וְיִשְׁתַּחֲוֻ לְךָ֙ לְאֻמִּ֔ים): V-M-S

• A better description of the verbal form, ישׁתחו, than BDB (cf. 1005: Hithpalel with metathesis of the root שׁחו) may be found in HALOT which presents the form as coming from the final weak root, חוה, in the reflexive causative שׁ stem, which is not found elsewhere in BH but is in other Semitic languages (frequently in Aramaic forms and the productive causative stem in Akkadian).

·                    Embedded Typology E (הֱוֵ֤ה גְבִיר֙ לְאַחֶ֔יךָ): V-O-M

• The verbal form is the Qal imperative ms.

·                    Embedded Typology F (וְיִשְׁתַּחֲוּ֥וּ לְךָ֖ בְּנֵ֣י אִמֶּ֑ךָ): V-M-S

• Unlike the previous use of this form, here the final vowel is marked consonantally with a waw.

·                    Embedded Typology G (אֹרְרֶ֣יךָ אָר֔וּר): O-S

• Each of the following substantive participles, ארריך (Qal ptc mpl w/ 2ms suffix) and מברכיך (Piel ptc mpl w/ 2ms suffix), serve as the subject of their respective cognate passive participles, functioning as finite verbs.
• GKC 145l suggest that the number disagreement (plural subject with singular verb) should be understood as expressing a distributive notion.

·                    Embedded Typology H (וּֽמְבָרֲכֶ֖יךָ בָּרֽוּךְ): O-S

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