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וַיֹּ֕אמֶר בָּ֥א אָחִ֖יךָ בְּמִרְמָ֑ה וַיִּקַּ֖ח בִּרְכָתֶֽךָ׃ 36  וַיֹּ֡אמֶר הֲכִי֩ קָרָ֨א שְׁמֹ֜ו יַעֲקֹ֗ב וַֽיַּעְקְבֵ֨נִי֙ זֶ֣ה פַעֲמַ֔יִם אֶת־בְּכֹרָתִ֣י לָקָ֔ח וְהִנֵּ֥ה עַתָּ֖ה לָקַ֣ח בִּרְכָתִ֑י וַיֹּאמַ֕ר הֲלֹא־אָצַ֥לְתָּ לִּ֖י בְּרָכָֽה׃ 37  וַיַּ֨עַן יִצְחָ֜ק וַיֹּ֣אמֶר לְעֵשָׂ֗ו הֵ֣ן גְּבִ֞יר שַׂמְתִּ֥יו לָךְ֙ וְאֶת־כָּל־אֶחָ֗יו נָתַ֤תִּי לוֹ֙ לַעֲבָדִ֔ים וְדָגָ֥ן וְתִירֹ֖שׁ סְמַכְתִּ֑יו וּלְכָ֣ה אֵפ֔וֹא מָ֥ה אֶֽעֱשֶׂ֖ה בְּנִֽי׃ 38  וַיֹּ֨אמֶר עֵשָׂ֜ו אֶל־אָבִ֗יו הַֽבְרָכָ֨ה אַחַ֤ת הִֽוא־לְךָ֙ אָבִ֔י בָּרֲכֵ֥נִי גַם־אָ֖נִי אָבִ֑י וַיִּשָּׂ֥א עֵשָׂ֛ו קֹלֹ֖ו וַיֵּֽבְךְּ׃

Vocabulary

Verse 35

            מרמה noun: “deceit, treachery” (BDB, 941)

            ברכה noun: “blessing” (BDB, 139)

Verse 36

            עקב verb: “betray, circumvent; lit. grasp at the heal” (BDB, 784)

            פעם noun: “time; occasion, occurrence” (BDB, 821)

            בכרה noun: “firstborn” (BDB, 114)

            ברכה noun: “blessing” (BDB, 139)

        אצל verb: “withhold” (BDB, 69)

Verse 37

            עשו name: “Esau”

            גביר noun: “lord” (BDB, 150)

            דגן “grain” (BDB, 186)

            תירושׁ “wine” (BDB, 440)

            סמך verb: “rest; support, sustain” (BDB, 701)

            אפו particle: “then” (BDB, 66)

Verse 38

            עשו name: “Esau”

            ברכה noun: “blessing” (BDB, 796)

            בכה verb: “weep” (BDB, 113)

Syntax & Misc.

Verse 35

• Clause Typology 1 (וַיֹּ֕אמֶר בָּ֥א אָחִ֖יךָ בְּמִרְמָ֑ה וַיִּקַּ֖ח בִּרְכָתֶֽךָ): V-O
• Embedded Typology A (בָּ֥א אָחִ֖יךָ בְּמִרְמָ֑ה): V-O-M
• Embedded Typology B (וַיִּקַּ֖ח בִּרְכָתֶֽךָ): V-O

Verse 36

• Clause Typology 1 (וַיֹּ֡אמֶר הֲכִי֩ קָרָ֨א שְׁמֹ֜ו יַעֲקֹ֗ב וַֽיַּעְקְבֵ֨נִי֙ זֶ֣ה פַעֲמַ֔יִם אֶת־בְּכֹרָתִ֣י לָקָ֔ח וְהִנֵּ֥ה עַתָּ֖ה לָקַ֣ח בִּרְכָתִ֑י): V-O
• Embedded Typology A (הֲכִי֩ קָרָ֨א שְׁמֹ֜ו יַעֲקֹ֗ב): V-O-OC
• The initial הכי marks a partially elliptical interrogative—“Isn’t this the reason why…” (cf. J-M 161j).
• Embedded Typology B (וַֽיַּעְקְבֵ֨נִי֙ זֶ֣ה פַעֲמַ֔יִם): V-O-M
• When closing a syllable, a guttural may take simple shewa as seen above in the form, ויעקבני (GKC 63m).
• The demonstrative pronoun may be used enclitically with a designation of time (GKC 136d; J-M 143a); in this case it is used with the dual זה פעמים “now two times”.
• Embedded Typology C (אֶת־בְּכֹרָתִ֣י לָקָ֔ח): O-V
• The verbal form is in pause.
• Notice the chiastic structure (AB-A’B’) and similarity of words of these clauses (בכרתי and ברכתי).
• Embedded Typology D (וְהִנֵּ֥ה עַתָּ֖ה לָקַ֣ח בִּרְכָתִ֑י): M-V-O
• Clause Typology 2 (וַיֹּאמַ֕ר הֲלֹא־אָצַ֥לְתָּ לִּ֖י בְּרָכָֽה): V-O
• Embedded Typology A (הֲלֹא־אָצַ֥לְתָּ לִּ֖י בְּרָכָֽה): V-M-O
• The grapheme, לי, is joined with the preceding verb with dagesh forte conjuntivum.

Verse 37

• Clause Typology 1 (וַיַּ֨עַן יִצְחָ֜ק): V-S
• Clause Typology 2 (וַיֹּ֣אמֶר לְעֵשָׂ֗ו הֵ֣ן גְּבִ֞יר שַׂמְתִּ֥יו לָךְ֙ וְאֶת־כָּל־אֶחָ֗יו נָתַ֤תִּי לוֹ֙ לַעֲבָדִ֔ים וְדָגָ֥ן וְתִירֹ֖שׁ סְמַכְתִּ֑יו וּלְכָ֣ה אֵפ֔וֹא מָ֥ה אֶֽעֱשֶׂ֖ה בְּנִֽי): V-M-O
• Embedded Typology A (הֵ֣ן גְּבִ֞יר שַׂמְתִּ֥יו לָךְ֙): OC-V-O-M
• Each of the following four clauses varies significantly from the normal Hebrew verbal clause construction.  Pay particularly close attention to the ordering of the clause constituents therein.
• Embedded Typology B (וְאֶת־כָּל־אֶחָ֗יו נָתַ֤תִּי לוֹ֙ לַעֲבָדִ֔ים): O-V-M
• The unusual verb second syntax continues in this clause (cf. GKC 117ff).
• The lamed of לעבדים is used to convey a transformational nature—“as servants”—or causative—“for [the purpose of becoming] servants.”
• Embedded Typology C (וְדָגָ֥ן וְתִירֹ֖שׁ סְמַכְתִּ֑יו): M-V-O
• The first constituent is a compound adverbial phrase: דגן ותירשׁ “with grain and wine.”
• Embedded Typology D (וּלְכָ֣ה אֵפ֔וֹא מָ֥ה אֶֽעֱשֶׂ֖ה בְּנִֽי): M-S-V
• The vowel of the masculine is explicitly marked by a mater ה accompanying the pronominal suffix (for other cases see GKC 103g).
• See GKC 150l for more on the use of the particle אפוא.

Verse 38

• Clause Typology 1 (וַיֹּ֨אמֶר עֵשָׂ֜ו אֶל־אָבִ֗יו הַֽבְרָכָ֨ה אַחַ֤ת הִֽוא־לְךָ֙ אָבִ֔י בָּרֲכֵ֥נִי גַם־אָ֖נִי אָבִ֑י וַיִּשָּׂ֥א עֵשָׂ֛ו קֹלֹ֖ו וַיֵּֽבְךְּ): V-S-M-O
• Embedded Typology A (הַֽבְרָכָ֨ה אַחַ֤ת הִֽוא־לְךָ֙ אָבִ֔י): S-P
• The initial ה is best understood as an interrogative marker.  The vowel (pataḥ) is full when preceding a shewa (cf. J-M 102m).
• The number one, אחד, is an adjective and must agree with the noun it modifies in gender, number and definiteness.
• The demonstrative is functioning to mark a cleft sentence, or casus pendens (cf. J-M 146e).
• The final word is a vocative.
• Clause Typology B (בָּרֲכֵ֥נִי גַם־אָ֖נִי אָבִ֑י): V-O
• Clause Typology 2 (וַיִּשָּׂ֥א עֵשָׂ֛ו קֹלֹ֖ו): V-S-O
• Clause Typology 3 (וַיֵּֽבְךְּ): V
• The final vowel is apocopated (i.e. lost) in the waw-consecutive imperfect form.

Congratulations, Ed:

http://ralphriver.blogspot.com/2008/06/i-breathe-again.html

וַיֹּ֥אמֶר לוֹ֛ יִצְחָ֥ק אָבִ֖יו מִי־אָ֑תָּה וַיֹּ֕אמֶר אֲנִ֛י בִּנְךָ֥ בְכֹֽרְךָ֖ עֵשָֽׂו׃ 33  וַיֶּחֱרַ֨ד יִצְחָ֣ק חֲרָדָה֮ גְּדֹלָ֣ה עַד־מְאֹד֒ וַיֹּ֡אמֶר מִֽי־אֵפ֡וֹא ה֣וּא הַצָּֽד־צַיִד֩ וַיָּ֨בֵא לִ֜י וָאֹכַ֥ל מִכֹּ֛ל בְּטֶ֥רֶם תָּב֖וֹא וָאֲבָרֲכֵ֑הוּ גַּם־בָּר֖וּךְ יִהְיֶֽה׃ 34  כִּשְׁמֹ֤עַ עֵשָׂו֙ אֶת־דִּבְרֵ֣י אָבִ֔יו וַיִּצְעַ֣ק צְעָקָ֔ה גְּדֹלָ֥ה וּמָרָ֖ה עַד־מְאֹ֑ד וַיֹּ֣אמֶר לְאָבִ֔יו בָּרֲכֵ֥נִי גַם־אָ֖נִי אָבִֽי׃

Vocabulary

Verse 32

            בכר noun: “firstborn” (BDB, 114)

            עשו name: “Esau”

Verse 33

            חרד verb: “tremble, be terrified” (BDB, 353)

            חרדה noun: “trembling; anxiety” (BDB, 353)

            אפו particle: “then” (BDB, 66)

            צוד verb: “hunt” (BDB, 844)

            ציד noun: “game, hunting” (BDB, 844)

            טרם “before”

Verse 34

            צעק verb: “cry, call (out)” (BDB, 858)

            צעקה noun: “outcry” (BDB, 858)

            מר adjective: “bitter” (BDB, 600)

Syntax & Misc.

Verse 32

Clause Typology 1 (וַיֹּ֥אמֶר לוֹ֛ יִצְחָ֥ק אָבִ֖יו מִי־אָ֑תָּה): V-M-S-O

Embedded Typology B (מִי־אָ֑תָּה): S-P

The interrogative always is the first element of the clause.

The vocalization of אתה is a pausal form.

Clause Typology 2 (וַיֹּ֕אמֶר אֲנִ֛י בִּנְךָ֥ בְכֹֽרְךָ֖ עֵשָֽׂו): V-O

Embedded Typology A (אֲנִ֛י בִּנְךָ֥ בְכֹֽרְךָ֖ עֵשָֽׂו): S-P

Compare with Jacob’s response: Genesis 27:19 (אָנֹכִי֙ עֵשָׂ֣ו בְּכֹרֶ֔ךָ).

Verse 33

Clause Typology 1 (וַיֶּחֱרַ֨ד יִצְחָ֣ק חֲרָדָה֮ גְּדֹלָ֣ה עַד־מְאֹד֒): V-S-O-M

Clause Typology 2 (וַיֹּ֡אמֶר מִֽי־אֵפ֡וֹא ה֣וּא הַצָּֽד־צַיִד֩ וַיָּ֨בֵא לִ֜י וָאֹכַ֥ל מִכֹּ֛ל בְּטֶ֥רֶם תָּב֖וֹא וָאֲבָרֲכֵ֑הוּ גַּם־בָּר֖וּךְ יִהְיֶֽה): V-O

Embedded Typology A (מִֽי־אֵפ֡וֹא ה֣וּא הַצָּֽד־צַיִד֩): S-P

See GKC 150l for a further description of the usage of the particle in interrogative clauses.

Embedded Typology i (הַצָּֽד־צַיִד֩): V-O

The substantive participle (used attributively; J-M 121i) serves as appositional to the preceding pronoun and takes an object, ציד.

Embedded Typology B (וַיָּ֨בֵא לִ֜י): V-M

The waw-consecutive form indicates a logical consequence (W-O 33.3.5b).

Embedded Typology C (וָאֹכַ֥ל מִכֹּ֛ל): V-M

Embedded Typology D (בְּטֶ֥רֶם תָּב֖וֹא): V

The imperfective is used here for an action in the past (J-M 113j).

Embedded Typology E (וָאֲבָרֲכֵ֑הוּ): V-O

Embedded Typology F (גַּם־בָּר֖וּךְ יִהְיֶֽה): M-O-V

The particle גם serves as an adverbial modifier (W-O 4.6.2c).

Verse 34

Clause Typology 1 (כִּשְׁמֹ֤עַ עֵשָׂו֙ אֶת־דִּבְרֵ֣י אָבִ֔יו): V-S-O

The preposition with the infinitive construct marks temporality (GKC 118u).  An infinitive used instead of a finite verbal form is unusual without the ויהי frame, though, thus the consonantal form may be understood better as a perfect or infinitive absolute.

Clause Typology 2 (וַיִּצְעַ֣ק צְעָקָ֔ה גְּדֹלָ֥ה וּמָרָ֖ה עַד־מְאֹ֑ד): V-O-M

The initial conjunction is sometimes called “the waw of apodosis” (J-M 176a) which links a protasis with its apodosis.

For further explication of the use of a cognate accusative, see GKC 113m.

Clause Typology 3 (וַיֹּ֣אמֶר לְאָבִ֔יו בָּרֲכֵ֥נִי גַם־אָ֖נִי אָבִֽי): V-M-O

Embedded Typology A (בָּרֲכֵ֥נִי גַם־אָ֖נִי אָבִֽי): V-O-M

Emphasis is added to the verbal suffix with appositional phrase גם־אני (J-M 146d).

The final word is a vocative (or “focus particle”; MNC 41.4.5.1), “O my father.”

וַיְהִ֗י כַּאֲשֶׁ֨ר כִּלָּ֣ה יִצְחָק֮ לְבָרֵ֣ךְ אֶֽת־יַעֲקֹב֒ וַיְהִ֗י אַ֣ךְ יָצֹ֤א יָצָא֙ יַעֲקֹ֔ב מֵאֵ֥ת פְּנֵ֖י יִצְחָ֣ק אָבִ֑יו וְעֵשָׂ֣ו אָחִ֔יו בָּ֖א מִצֵּידֹֽו׃ 31  וַיַּ֤עַשׂ גַּם־הוּא֙ מַטְעַמִּ֔ים וַיָּבֵ֖א לְאָבִ֑יו וַיֹּ֣אמֶר לְאָבִ֗יו יָקֻ֤ם אָבִי֙ וְיֹאכַל֙ מִצֵּ֣יד בְּנֹ֔ו בַּעֲב֖וּר תְּבָרֲכַ֥נִּי נַפְשֶֽׁךָ׃

Vocabulary

Verse 30

            ציד noun: “game; hunting” (BDB, 844)

Verse 31

            מטעם noun: “savory food” (BDB, 381)

            ציד noun: “game; hunting” (BDB, 844)

            בעבור conjunction: “for the sake of; because” (BDB, 721)

Syntax & Misc.

Verse 30

·                    Clause Typology 1 (וַיְהִ֗י כַּאֲשֶׁ֨ר כִּלָּ֣ה יִצְחָק֮ לְבָרֵ֣ךְ אֶֽת־יַעֲקֹב֒): V-M

• The narrative frame, ויהי כאשׁר, marks temporality.

·                    Embedded Typology A (כִּלָּ֣ה יִצְחָק֮ לְבָרֵ֣ךְ אֶֽת־יַעֲקֹב֒): V-S-M

·                    Infinitive Typology i (לְבָרֵ֣ךְ אֶֽת־יַעֲקֹב֒): V-O

·                    Clause Typology 2 (וַיְהִ֗י אַ֣ךְ יָצֹ֤א יָצָא֙ יַעֲקֹ֔ב מֵאֵ֥ת פְּנֵ֖י יִצְחָ֣ק אָבִ֑יו וְעֵשָׂ֣ו אָחִ֔יו בָּ֖א מִצֵּידֹֽו): V-O

• The use of ויהי is very similar to ויהי כאשׁר above.

·                    Embedded Typology A (אַ֣ךְ יָצֹ֤א יָצָא֙ יַעֲקֹ֔ב מֵאֵ֥ת פְּנֵ֖י יִצְחָ֣ק אָבִ֑יו): M-V-S-M

• The sequencing of two clauses with אך and waw function to highlight simultaneous action—when X then Y (cf. GKC 164b n. 1 also J-M 123k and 166c).
• Infinitives absolute are commonly used with cognate finite verbs to elicit the strengthening of the verbal idea (GKC 113l; W-O 35.3.1i).

·                    Embedded Typology B (וְעֵשָׂ֣ו אָחִ֔יו בָּ֖א מִצֵּידֹֽו): S-V-M

Verse 31

·                    Clause Typology 1 (וַיַּ֤עַשׂ גַּם־הוּא֙ מַטְעַמִּ֔ים): V-S-O

·                    Clause Typology 2 (וַיָּבֵ֖א לְאָבִ֑יו): V-M

·                    Clause Typology 3 (וַיֹּ֣אמֶר לְאָבִ֗יו יָקֻ֤ם אָבִי֙ וְיֹאכַל֙ מִצֵּ֣יד בְּנֹ֔ו בַּעֲב֖וּר תְּבָרֲכַ֥נִּי נַפְשֶֽׁךָ): V-M-O

·                    Embedded Typology A (יָקֻ֤ם אָבִי֙): V-S

• The verb is a marked jussive/short form (cf. J-M 80k).
• Notice the deferential language used here compared with that of Jacob in verse 19 (קֽוּם־נָ֣א שְׁבָ֗ה וְאָכְלָה֙ מִצֵּידִ֔י).

·                    Embedded Typology B (וְיֹאכַל֙ מִצֵּ֣יד בְּנֹ֔ו): V-M

·                    Embedded Typology C (בַּעֲב֖וּר תְּבָרֲכַ֥נִּי נַפְשֶֽׁךָ): V-O-S

וַיִּגַּשׁ֙ וַיִּשַּׁק־לוֹ֔ וַיָּ֛רַח אֶת־רֵ֥יחַ בְּגָדָ֖יו וַֽיְבָרֲכֵ֑הוּ וַיֹּ֗אמֶר רְאֵה֙ רֵ֣יחַ בְּנִ֔י כְּרֵ֣יחַ שָׂדֶ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֥ר בֵּרֲכֹ֖ו יְהוָֽה׃ 28  וְיִֽתֶּן־לְךָ֙ הָאֱלֹהִ֔ים מִטַּל֙ הַשָּׁמַ֔יִם וּמִשְׁמַנֵּ֖י הָאָ֑רֶץ וְרֹ֥ב דָּגָ֖ן וְתִירֹֽשׁ׃ 29  יַֽעַבְד֣וּךָ עַמִּ֗ים וְיִשְׁתַּחֲוֻ לְךָ֙ לְאֻמִּ֔ים הֱוֵ֤ה גְבִיר֙ לְאַחֶ֔יךָ וְיִשְׁתַּחֲוּ֥וּ לְךָ֖ בְּנֵ֣י אִמֶּ֑ךָ אֹרְרֶ֣יךָ אָר֔וּר וּֽמְבָרֲכֶ֖יךָ בָּרֽוּךְ׃

Vocabulary

Verse 27

            נגשׁ verb: “come near” (BDB, 620)

            נשׁק verb: “kiss” (BDB, 676)

            רוח verb (Hiphil waw-consecutive imperfect 3ms): “smell” (BDB, 926)

            ריח noun: “scent” (BDB, 926)

Verse 28

            טל “dew” (BDB, 378)

            שׁמן “fertile, fatness” (BDB, 1032)

            דגן “grain” (BDB, 186)

            תירשׁ “wine” (BDB, 440)

Verse 29

חוה verb (Št [Hishtaphel] imperfect 3mpl): “bow down; worship” (HALOT, 295)

לאם “people” (BDB, 522)

גביר  “lord” (BDB, 150)

            ארר verb: “curse” (BDB, 76)

Syntax & Misc.

Verse 27

·                    Clause Typology 1 (וַיִּגַּשׁ֙): V

·                    Clause Typology 2 (וַיִּשַּׁק־לוֹ֔): V-M

·                    Clause Typology 3 (וַיָּ֛רַח אֶת־רֵ֥יחַ בְּגָדָ֖יו): V-O

·                    Clause Typology 4 (וַֽיְבָרֲכֵ֑הוּ): V-O

·                    Clause Typology 5 (וַיֹּ֗אמֶר רְאֵה֙ רֵ֣יחַ בְּנִ֔י כְּרֵ֣יחַ שָׂדֶ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֥ר בֵּרֲכֹ֖ו יְהוָֽה): V-O

·                    Embedded Typology A (רְאֵה֙ רֵ֣יחַ בְּנִ֔י כְּרֵ֣יחַ שָׂדֶ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֥ר בֵּרֲכֹ֖ו יְהוָֽה): V-O-M

• Notice the poetic character of the following clauses through verse 29.
• J-M 105d suggest that the imperative functions similarly to the presentative particle הִנֵּה.

·                    Embedded Typology i (בֵּרֲכֹ֖ו יְהוָֽה): V-O-S

Verse 28

·                    Embedded Typology B (וְיִֽתֶּן־לְךָ֙ הָאֱלֹהִ֔ים מִטַּל֙ הַשָּׁמַ֔יִם וּמִשְׁמַנֵּ֖י הָאָ֑רֶץ וְרֹ֥ב דָּגָ֖ן וְתִירֹֽשׁ): V-M-S-O

• The verbal form should be considered jussive/modal in the present context: “May he give” (the waw is considered pleonastic J-M 177l). The enclitic modifier takes the stress, thus causing the vowel changes (from יִתֵּן to יִתֶּן־).
• The four elements in the compound object clause are grammatically parallel: AA-BB. (the first two are marked by a partitive מן and the second two are not).
• The nun of the second object is assimilated as with the first object, but doubling is lost commonly with sibilants which have a reduced vowel (GKC 20m).

Verse 29

·                    Embedded Typology C (יַֽעַבְד֣וּךָ עַמִּ֗ים): V-O-S

• Each of the following six clauses is arranged as parallel pairs connected by waw.

·                    Embedded Typology D (וְיִשְׁתַּחֲוֻ לְךָ֙ לְאֻמִּ֔ים): V-M-S

• A better description of the verbal form, ישׁתחו, than BDB (cf. 1005: Hithpalel with metathesis of the root שׁחו) may be found in HALOT which presents the form as coming from the final weak root, חוה, in the reflexive causative שׁ stem, which is not found elsewhere in BH but is in other Semitic languages (frequently in Aramaic forms and the productive causative stem in Akkadian).

·                    Embedded Typology E (הֱוֵ֤ה גְבִיר֙ לְאַחֶ֔יךָ): V-O-M

• The verbal form is the Qal imperative ms.

·                    Embedded Typology F (וְיִשְׁתַּחֲוּ֥וּ לְךָ֖ בְּנֵ֣י אִמֶּ֑ךָ): V-M-S

• Unlike the previous use of this form, here the final vowel is marked consonantally with a waw.

·                    Embedded Typology G (אֹרְרֶ֣יךָ אָר֔וּר): O-S

• Each of the following substantive participles, ארריך (Qal ptc mpl w/ 2ms suffix) and מברכיך (Piel ptc mpl w/ 2ms suffix), serve as the subject of their respective cognate passive participles, functioning as finite verbs.
• GKC 145l suggest that the number disagreement (plural subject with singular verb) should be understood as expressing a distributive notion.

·                    Embedded Typology H (וּֽמְבָרֲכֶ֖יךָ בָּרֽוּךְ): O-S