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Vocabulary

Verse 4   

טוּל  verb: Hiphil perfect 3ms meaning hurl.

חשׁב  verb: Piel perfect 3fs meaning threatened

שׁבר  verb: Niphal infinitive construct meaning break + ל. 

Verse 5   

זָעַק  verb: Qal preterit 3mp + vav consecutive meaning crys out.

קָלַל  verb: Hiphil infinitive construct meaning lighten.

רָדַם verb: Niphal imperfect 3ms meaning heavy sleep 

Verse 6

רַב noun: the captain

עָשַׁת verb: Hithpael imperfect 3ms conveying idea of perhaps God will consider us (only occurrence in BH).

Syntax & Misc.

Verse 4

• The verse begins with a disjunctive structure of vav + subject + verb, functioning as a disjunctive clause, and likely in an introductory state which serves to introduce a new scene.
• The dagesh in the בּ is the result of the missing definite article.
• The verse ends with the same disjunctive structure that it began with, likely acting as a dramatic disjunctive clause containing a Piel perfect 3fs and a Niphal infinitive construct.

Verse 5

• The definite subject (nominative) of the verb is the plural word for mariner/sailor, which in this form, with a double middle root letter, is often a profession in which an action is typically repeated (Chisholm, Workbook 34).
• The accusative is easily identified by אֶת־
• The next major section of the verse (after the atnah) contains a disjunctive structure (vav-subject-verb), which likely functions either dramatically or contrastively

Verse 6

• The interrogative מַה introduces the accusative of condition construction meaning what do you mean you sleeper (Davidson, p 100)

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