DailyHebrew.com

וַיִּקְרָ֨א אֲבִימֶ֜לֶךְ לְיִצְחָ֗ק וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙ אַ֣ךְ הִנֵּ֤ה אִשְׁתְּךָ֙ הִ֔וא וְאֵ֥יךְ אָמַ֖רְתָּ אֲחֹ֣תִי הִ֑וא וַיֹּ֤אמֶר אֵלָיו֙ יִצְחָ֔ק כִּ֣י אָמַ֔רְתִּי פֶּן־אָמ֖וּת עָלֶֽיהָ׃ 10 וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֲבִימֶ֔לֶךְ מַה־זֹּ֖את עָשִׂ֣יתָ לָּ֑נוּ כִּ֠מְעַט שָׁכַ֞ב אַחַ֤ד הָעָם֙ אֶת־אִשְׁתֶּ֔ךָ וְהֵבֵאתָ֥ עָלֵ֖ינוּ אָשָֽׁם׃ 11 וַיְצַ֣ו אֲבִימֶ֔לֶךְ אֶת־כָּל־הָעָ֖ם לֵאמֹ֑ר הַנֹּגֵ֜עַ בָּאִ֥ישׁ הַזֶּ֛ה וּבְאִשְׁתּ֖וֹ מ֥וֹת יוּמָֽת׃

Vocabulary

Verse 9

            אך adv. “surely, no doubt, howbeit”

            אחות “sister”

            פן “lest”

Verse 10

            מעט “little, few”

            אשׁם  “guilt” (BDB, 79)

Syntax & Misc.

Verse 9

• Sentence Typology 1 (וַיִּקְרָ֨א אֲבִימֶ֜לֶךְ לְיִצְחָ֗ק): V-S-IO
• Sentence Typology 2 (וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙ אַ֣ךְ הִנֵּ֤ה אִשְׁתְּךָ֙ הִ֔וא וְאֵ֥יךְ אָמַ֖רְתָּ אֲחֹ֣תִי הִ֑וא): V-O
• Sentence Typology A (אַ֣ךְ הִנֵּ֤ה אִשְׁתְּךָ֙ הִ֔וא): M-P-S
• Sentence Typology B (וְאֵ֥יךְ אָמַ֖רְתָּ אֲחֹ֣תִי הִ֑וא): M-V-O
• The particle, איך, may be used for rhetorical questions, exclamations or laments (GKC 148b)
• Sentence Typology i (אֲחֹ֣תִי הִ֑וא): P-S
• This clause is embedded within the direct speech of Abimelech quoting the speech of Isaac.
• Sentence Typology 3 (וַיֹּ֤אמֶר אֵלָיו֙ יִצְחָ֔ק כִּ֣י אָמַ֔רְתִּי פֶּן־אָמ֖וּת עָלֶֽיהָ): V-IO-S-O
• Sentence Typology A (כִּ֣י אָמַ֔רְתִּי): V
• Sentence Typology B (פֶּן־אָמ֖וּת עָלֶֽיהָ): V-M
• The prefix verbal form of מות is used to express a volitional, “lest I might die.”
• The preposition, על, is used adverbially possibly best translated by—“on account of her.”

Verse 10

• Sentence Typology 1 (וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֲבִימֶ֔לֶךְ מַה־זֹּ֖את עָשִׂ֣יתָ לָּ֑נוּ כִּ֠מְעַט שָׁכַ֞ב אַחַ֤ד הָעָם֙ אֶת־אִשְׁתֶּ֔ךָ וְהֵבֵאתָ֥ עָלֵ֖ינוּ אָשָֽׁם): V-S-O
• Sentence Typology A (מַה־זֹּ֖את עָשִׂ֣יתָ לָּ֑נוּ): S-P
• The feminine independent pronoun may refer to an abstract idea.
• Embedded Typology i (עָשִׂ֣יתָ לָּ֑נוּ): V-IO
• This clause is that which is referred to by the previous זאת and may be considered asyndetic or appositional to it.
• Sentence Typology B (כִּ֠מְעַט שָׁכַ֞ב אַחַ֤ד הָעָם֙ אֶת־אִשְׁתֶּ֔ךָ): M-V-S-M
• Following, כמעט “easily, almost,” the perfect may “express actions and facts, whose accomplishment in the past is to be represented, not as actual, but only as possible (generally corresponding to the Latin imperfect or pluperfect subjunctive)” (GKC 106p).
• The verb, שׁכב, may euphemistically refer to sexual intercourse.
• Sentence Typology C (וְהֵבֵאתָ֥ עָלֵ֖ינוּ אָשָֽׁם): V-M-O
• The 1cs and 2ms conjugations of the waw-consecutive perfect may be distinguished from the waw-conjunctive perfect by accent (GKC 49h).  The waw-consecutive perfect typically has penultimate stress compared with the waw-conjunctive with ultimate stress.  This example, however, is an exception possibly based on the final א (cf. GKC 49k).
• Similar to the previous verse, the imperfect verbal aspect connotes a volitional idea—“you would have brought guilt.”

Verse 11

• Sentence Typology 1 (וַיְצַ֣ו אֲבִימֶ֔לֶךְ אֶת־כָּל־הָעָ֖ם לֵאמֹ֑ר הַנֹּגֵ֜עַ בָּאִ֥ישׁ הַזֶּ֛ה): V-S-IO-O
• The final he of צוה is apocopated in the short form of the waw-consecutive imperfect.
• Sentence Typology A (הַנֹּגֵ֜עַ בָּאִ֥ישׁ הַזֶּ֛ה וּבְאִשְׁתּ֖וֹ מ֥וֹת יוּמָֽת): S-M-V
• The initial participle is used as a substantive with the compound object, באישׁ הזה ובאשׁתו.  The verb, נגע “to touch,” is regularly sequenced with ב to mark its complement.
• The infinitive absolute, מות, is used as a cognate accusative of the following Hophal imperfect.

Trackback URI |