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וַיֹּ֖אמֶר יַעֲקֹ֑ב מִכְרָ֥ה כַיּ֛וֹם אֶת־בְּכֹֽרָתְךָ֖ לִֽי׃ 32 וַיֹּ֣אמֶר עֵשָׂ֔ו הִנֵּ֛ה אָנֹכִ֥י הוֹלֵ֖ךְ לָמ֑וּת וְלָמָּה־זֶּ֥ה לִ֖י בְּכֹרָֽה׃ 33 וַיֹּ֣אמֶר יַעֲקֹ֗ב הִשָּׁ֤בְעָה לִּי֙ כַּיּ֔וֹם וַיִּשָּׁבַ֖ע ל֑וֹ וַיִּמְכֹּ֥ר אֶת־בְּכֹרָת֖וֹ לְיַעֲקֹֽב׃ 34 וְיַעֲקֹ֞ב נָתַ֣ן לְעֵשָׂ֗ו לֶ֚חֶם וּנְזִ֣יד עֲדָשִׁ֔ים וַיֹּ֣אכַל וַיֵּ֔שְׁתְּ וַיָּ֖קָם וַיֵּלַ֑ךְ וַיִּ֥בֶז עֵשָׂ֖ו אֶת־הַבְּכֹרָֽה׃ ס

Vocabulary

Verse 31

            מכר  verb (Qal imperative ms): “sell”

            בכרה  “right of the firstborn, birthright” (BDB, 114)

Verse 32

            בכרה  “right of the firstborn, birthright” (BDB, 114)

Verse 33

            מכר  verb (Qal waw-consecutive imperfect 3ms): “sell”

            בכרה  “right of the firstborn, birthright” (BDB, 114)

Verse 34

            נזיד “boiled leguminous soup” (BDB, 268)

            עדשׁה  “lentil” (BDB, 727)

            בזה  verb: “despise” (BDB, 102)

            בכרה  “right of the firstborn, birthright” (BDB, 114)

Syntax & Misc.

Verse 31

• Sentence Typology 1 (וַיֹּ֖אמֶר יַעֲקֹ֑ב מִכְרָ֥ה כַיּ֛וֹם אֶת־בְּכֹֽרָתְךָ֖ לִֽי): V-S-O
• The object is direct speech.
• Sentence Typology A (מִכְרָ֥ה כַיּ֛וֹם אֶת־בְּכֹֽרָתְךָ֖ לִֽי): V-M-O-IO
• The ָה  suffix may be attached to the masculine singular imperative without any apparent semantic alteration.  The initial vowel may be o-class, כָּתְבָה, or i-class as in this verse. Cf. GKC 48i.
• The temporal (or sequential, “now,” cf. GKC 35n) marker, כיום “now,” is adverbial.

Verse 32

• Sentence Typology 1 (וַיֹּ֣אמֶר עֵשָׂ֔ו הִנֵּ֛ה אָנֹכִ֥י הוֹלֵ֖ךְ לָמ֑וּת וְלָמָּה־זֶּ֥ה לִ֖י בְּכֹרָֽה): V-S-O
• The object is direct speech.
• Sentence Typology A (הִנֵּ֛ה אָנֹכִ֥י הוֹלֵ֖ךְ לָמ֑וּת): S-V-M
• Sentence Typology B (וְלָמָּה־זֶּ֥ה לִ֖י בְּכֹרָֽה): S-P
• The interrogative is “strengthened” by the conjoined demonstrative.

Verse 33

• Sentence Typology 1 (וַיֹּ֣אמֶר יַעֲקֹ֗ב הִשָּׁ֤בְעָה לִּי֙ כַּיּ֔וֹם): V-S-O
• The object is direct speech.
• Sentence Typology A (הִשָּׁ֤בְעָה לִּי֙ כַּיּ֔וֹם): V-IO-M
• The suffix is also attached to this Niphal imperative.
• The dagesh of לִּי is conjunctive.
• Sentence Typology 2 (וַיִּשָּׁבַ֖ע ל֑וֹ): V-IO
• Sentence Typology 3 (וַיִּמְכֹּ֥ר אֶת־בְּכֹרָת֖וֹ לְיַעֲקֹֽב): V-O-IO

Verse 34

• Sentence Typology 1 (וְיַעֲקֹ֞ב נָתַ֣ן לְעֵשָׂ֗ו לֶ֚חֶם וּנְזִ֣יד עֲדָשִׁ֔ים): S-V-IO-O
• The compound object is joined by a simple waw.
• Sentence Typology 2 (וַיֹּ֣אכַל): V
• Sentence Typology 3 (וַיֵּ֔שְׁתְּ): V
• Sentence Typology 4 (וַיָּ֖קָם): V
• Sentence Typology 5 (וַיֵּלַ֑ךְ): V
• Sentence Typology 6 (וַיִּ֥בֶז עֵשָׂ֖ו אֶת־הַבְּכֹרָֽה): V-S-O
• The final he of the waw-consecutive of בזה apocopates (i.e. shortened).

וַֽיִּגְדְּלוּ֙ הַנְּעָרִ֔ים וַיְהִ֣י עֵשָׂ֗ו אִ֛ישׁ יֹדֵ֥עַ צַ֖יִד אִ֣ישׁ שָׂדֶ֑ה וְיַעֲקֹב֙ אִ֣ישׁ תָּ֔ם יֹשֵׁ֖ב אֹהָלִֽים׃ 28 וַיֶּאֱהַ֥ב יִצְחָ֛ק אֶת־עֵשָׂ֖ו כִּי־צַ֣יִד בְּפִ֑יו וְרִבְקָ֖ה אֹהֶ֥בֶת אֶֽת־יַעֲקֹֽב׃ 29 וַיָּ֥זֶד יַעֲקֹ֖ב נָזִ֑יד וַיָּבֹ֥א עֵשָׂ֛ו מִן־הַשָּׂדֶ֖ה וְה֥וּא עָיֵֽף׃ 30 וַיֹּ֨אמֶר עֵשָׂ֜ו אֶֽל־יַעֲקֹ֗ב הַלְעִיטֵ֤נִי נָא֙ מִן־הָאָדֹ֤ם הָאָדֹם֙ הַזֶּ֔ה כִּ֥י עָיֵ֖ף אָנֹ֑כִי עַל־כֵּ֥ן קָרָֽא־שְׁמ֖וֹ אֱדֽוֹם׃

Vocabulary

Verse 27

            גדל  verb: “grew up”

            עשו  name: “Esau”

            ציד  “hunting” (BDB, 844)

            תם  “wholesome, complete” (BDB, 1070)

Verse 28

            ציד  “game” (BDB, 844)

Verse 29

            זיד  verb (Hiphil waw-consecutive imperfect 3ms): “boil” (BDB, 267)

            נזיד  “boiled leguminous stew” (BDB, 268)

            עיף  “weary” (BDB, 746)

Verse 30

            לעט  verb (Hiphil imperative ms w/ 1cs suffix): “swallow” (BDB, 542)

            אדם  “red” (BDB, 10)

            עיף  “weary, faint” (BDB, 746)

            על־כן  “therefore”

            אדום  name: “Edom”

Syntax & Misc.

Verse 27

• Sentence Typology 1 (וַֽיִּגְדְּלוּ֙ הַנְּעָרִ֔ים): V-S
• Sentence Typology 2 (וַיְהִ֣י עֵשָׂ֗ו אִ֛ישׁ יֹדֵ֥עַ צַ֖יִד אִ֣ישׁ שָׂדֶ֑ה): V-S-SC
• The participle is used to specify the kind of man Esau was—“one knowledgeable of hunting.”
• The word ציד may refer to hunted game (verse 28) or the act of hunting game.
• The phrase, אישׁ שֹדה, is appositional.
• Sentence Typology 3 (וְיַעֲקֹב֙ אִ֣ישׁ תָּ֔ם יֹשֵׁ֖ב אֹהָלִֽים): S-P
• The description of Jacob contrasts that of Esau in the previous clause marked by a non-sequential (i.e. waw+nonverb) order.
• The phrase, אישׁ תם “a wholesome man,” is a genitive of specification (also called an attributive genitive).

Verse 28

• Sentence Typology 1 (וַיֶּאֱהַ֥ב יִצְחָ֛ק אֶת־עֵשָׂ֖ו): V-S-O
• Sentence Typology 2 (כִּי־צַ֣יִד בְּפִ֑יו): S-P
• This causal verbless clause may be idiomatic for preference (cf. Job 20:12).
• Sentence Typology 3 (וְרִבְקָ֖ה אֹהֶ֥בֶת אֶֽת־יַעֲקֹֽב): S-V-O
• This clause contrasts the previous with non-sequential order—“but Rebekah loved Jacob.”

Verse 29

• Sentence Typology 1 (וַיָּ֥זֶד יַעֲקֹ֖ב נָזִ֑יד): V-S-O
• The verb is transitive.
• Sentence Typology 2 (וַיָּבֹ֥א עֵשָׂ֛ו מִן־הַשָּׂדֶ֖ה): V-S-M
• Sentence Typology 3 (וְה֥וּא עָיֵֽף): S-P
• This disjunctive clause provides background information upon which the following narrative is based.

Verse 30

• Sentence Typology 1 (וַיֹּ֨אמֶר עֵשָׂ֜ו אֶֽל־יַעֲקֹ֗ב הַלְעִיטֵ֤נִי נָא֙ מִן־הָאָדֹ֤ם הָאָדֹם֙ הַזֶּ֔ה): V-S-IO-O
• The object is direct speech.
• Sentence Typology A (הַלְעִיטֵ֤נִי נָא֙ מִן־הָאָדֹ֤ם הָאָדֹם֙ הַזֶּ֔ה): V-O-M
• The prepositional phrase includes the repetition of אדם “the red [soup].”
• Sentence Typology B (כִּ֥י עָיֵ֖ף אָנֹ֑כִי): P-S
• The second clause repeats the background information from verse 29 as the reason for Esau’s request.
• Sentence Typology 2 (עַל־כֵּ֥ן קָרָֽא־שְׁמ֖וֹ אֱדֽוֹם): V-S-O

וַיִּתְרֹֽצֲצ֤וּ הַבָּנִים֙ בְּקִרְבָּ֔הּ וַתֹּ֣אמֶר אִם־כֵּ֔ן לָ֥מָּה זֶּ֖ה אָנֹ֑כִי וַתֵּ֖לֶךְ לִדְרֹ֥שׁ אֶת־יְהוָֽה׃ 23 וַיֹּ֨אמֶר יְהוָ֜ה לָ֗הּ שְׁנֵ֤י [גֹיִים] בְּבִטְנֵ֔ךְ וּשְׁנֵ֣י לְאֻמִּ֔ים מִמֵּעַ֖יִךְ יִפָּרֵ֑דוּ וּלְאֹם֙ מִלְאֹ֣ם יֶֽאֱמָ֔ץ וְרַ֖ב יַעֲבֹ֥ד צָעִֽיר׃ 24 וַיִּמְלְא֥וּ יָמֶ֖יהָ לָלֶ֑דֶת וְהִנֵּ֥ה תוֹמִ֖ם בְּבִטְנָֽהּ׃ 25 וַיֵּצֵ֤א הָרִאשׁוֹן֙ אַדְמוֹנִ֔י כֻּלּ֖וֹ כְּאַדֶּ֣רֶת שֵׂעָ֑ר וַיִּקְרְא֥וּ שְׁמ֖וֹ עֵשָֽׂו׃ 26 וְאַֽחֲרֵי־כֵ֞ן יָצָ֣א אָחִ֗יו וְיָד֤וֹ אֹחֶ֙זֶת֙ בַּעֲקֵ֣ב עֵשָׂ֔ו וַיִּקְרָ֥א שְׁמ֖וֹ יַעֲקֹ֑ב וְיִצְחָ֛ק בֶּן־שִׁשִּׁ֥ים שָׁנָ֖ה בְּלֶ֥דֶת אֹתָֽם׃

Vocabulary

Verse 22

רצץ  verb (Hithpoel waw-consecutive imperfect 3mpl): “crush one another” (BDB, 954)

            דרשׁ  verb: “inquire, seek”

Verse 23

            בטן  “womb”

            לאם  “people” (BDB, 522)

            מעה  “womb” (BDB, 588)

            פרד  verb (Niphal imperfect 3mpl): “divide” (BDB, 825)

            אמץ  verb: “be strong” (BDB, 54)

            צעיר  “young” (BDB, 859)

Verse 24

            תומם  “twins” (BDB, 1060)

Verse 25

            אדמוני  “red, ruddy” (BDB, 10)

            אדרת  “cloak” (BDB, 12)

            שֹער  “hair” (BDB, 972)

            עשו  name: “Esau”

Verse 26

            אחז  verb (Qal active participle fs): “grasp”

            עקב  “heel” (BDB, 784)

            יעקב  name: “Jacob”

            יצחק  name: “Isaac”

Syntax & Misc.

Verse 22

• Sentence Typology 1 (וַיִּתְרֹֽצֲצ֤וּ הַבָּנִים֙ בְּקִרְבָּ֔הּ): V-S-M
• The Poel stem is analogous to the Piel for geminate (and middle weak) verbs and is reflexive as a Hithpoel—“They crush each other.”
• Sentence Typology 2 (וַתֹּ֣אמֶר אִם־כֵּ֔ן לָ֥מָּה זֶּ֖ה אָנֹ֑כִי): V-O
• Sentence Typology A (אִם־כֵּ֔ן לָ֥מָּה זֶּ֖ה אָנֹ֑כִי): M-P-S
• GKC note the phrase אם־כן as signaling a conditional “if it is so” (159v).
• The interrogative is strengthened by the demonstrative, זה (GKC 136c).
• Sentence Typology 3 (וַתֵּ֖לֶךְ לִדְרֹ֥שׁ אֶת־יְהוָֽה): V-M

Verse 23

• Sentence Typology 1 (וַיֹּ֨אמֶר יְהוָ֜ה לָ֗הּ שְׁנֵ֤י גֹיִים בְּבִטְנֵ֔ךְ וּשְׁנֵ֣י לְאֻמִּ֔ים מִמֵּעַ֖יִךְ יִפָּרֵ֑דוּ וּלְאֹם֙ מִלְאֹ֣ם יֶֽאֱמָ֔ץ וְרַ֖ב יַעֲבֹ֥ד צָעִֽיר): V-S-IO-O
• Qere: גוֹיִם֙.
• Sentence Typology A (שְׁנֵ֤י גֹיִים בְּבִטְנֵ֔ךְ): S-P
• A cardinal number may be placed before a noun in a construct relationship.
• Sentence Typology B (וּשְׁנֵ֣י לְאֻמִּ֔ים מִמֵּעַ֖יִךְ יִפָּרֵ֑דוּ): S-M-V
• Sentence Typology C (וּלְאֹם֙ מִלְאֹ֣ם יֶֽאֱמָ֔ץ): S-M-V
• Sentence Typology D (וְרַ֖ב יַעֲבֹ֥ד צָעִֽיר): S-V-O
• Each adjective, רב and צעיר, is used substantively.

Verse 24

• Sentence Typology 1 (וַיִּמְלְא֥וּ יָמֶ֖יהָ לָלֶ֑דֶת): V-S-M
• Sentence Typology 2 (וְהִנֵּ֥ה תוֹמִ֖ם בְּבִטְנָֽהּ): P
• The aleph of תואמם may be lost resulting in תומם.

Verse 25

• Sentence Typology 1 (וַיֵּצֵ֤א הָרִאשׁוֹן֙ אַדְמוֹנִ֔י כֻּלּ֖וֹ כְּאַדֶּ֣רֶת שֵׂעָ֑ר): V-S-M
• Sentence Typology 2 (וַיִּקְרְא֥וּ שְׁמ֖וֹ עֵשָֽׂו): V-O-OC

Verse 26

• Sentence Typology 1 (וְאַֽחֲרֵי־כֵ֞ן יָצָ֣א אָחִ֗יו): M-V-S
• The modifying phrase is sequential.
• Sentence Typology 2 (וְיָד֤וֹ אֹחֶ֙זֶת֙ בַּעֲקֵ֣ב עֵשָׂ֔ו): S-V-O
• The participle is functioning as a finite verb and is sequenced with beth to mark its object.
• Sentence Typology 3 (וַיִּקְרָ֥א שְׁמ֖וֹ יַעֲקֹ֑ב): V-O-OC
• Sentence Typology 4 (וְיִצְחָ֛ק בֶּן־שִׁשִּׁ֥ים שָׁנָ֖ה בְּלֶ֥דֶת אֹתָֽם): S-P
• The idiom of age is used—“son of X years.”
• Sentence Typology A (בְּלֶ֥דֶת אֹתָֽם): V-O
• The beth is used to mark a temporal clause, “when.”

וְאֵ֛לֶּה תּוֹלְדֹ֥ת יִצְחָ֖ק בֶּן־אַבְרָהָ֑ם אַבְרָהָ֖ם הוֹלִ֥יד אֶת־יִצְחָֽק׃ 20 וַיְהִ֤י יִצְחָק֙ בֶּן־אַרְבָּעִ֣ים שָׁנָ֔ה בְּקַחְתּ֣וֹ אֶת־רִבְקָ֗ה בַּת־בְּתוּאֵל֙ הָֽאֲרַמִּ֔י מִפַּדַּ֖ן אֲרָ֑ם אֲח֛וֹת לָבָ֥ן הָאֲרַמִּ֖י ל֥וֹ לְאִשָּֽׁה׃ 21 וַיֶּעְתַּ֨ר יִצְחָ֤ק לַֽיהוָה֙ לְנֹ֣כַח אִשְׁתּ֔וֹ כִּ֥י עֲקָרָ֖ה הִ֑וא וַיֵּעָ֤תֶר לוֹ֙ יְהוָ֔ה וַתַּ֖הַר רִבְקָ֥ה אִשְׁתּֽוֹ׃

Vocabulary

Verse 19

            תולדות  “generations” (BDB, 410)

            יצחק  name: “Isaac”

Verse 20

            רבקה  name: “Rebekah”

            בתואל  name: “Bethuel”

            ארמי  adjective: “Aramean”

            פדן ארם  name (of location): “Paddan Aram”

            אחות  noun: “sister”

            לבן  name: “Laban”

Verse 21

            עתר  verb (Qal waw-consecutive imperfect 3ms): “pray, entreat” (BDB, 801)

            לנכח  “on behalf of” (BDB, 647)

            עקר  “barren” (BDB, 785)

            עתר  verb (Niphal waw-consecutive imperfect 3ms): “be moved by entreaties” (BDB, 801)

            הרה  verb: “conceive” (BDB, 247)

Syntax & Misc.

Verse 19

• Sentence Typology 1 (וְאֵ֛לֶּה תּוֹלְדֹ֥ת יִצְחָ֖ק בֶּן־אַבְרָהָ֑ם): S-P
• The opening clause uses the same formula as verse 12.
• Sentence Typology 2 (אַבְרָהָ֖ם הוֹלִ֥יד אֶת־יִצְחָֽק): S-V-O
• The Hiphil of ילד is used of a father begetting a son; the Qal is usually used for a mother birthing a child.

Verse 20

• Sentence Typology 1 (וַיְהִ֤י יִצְחָק֙ בֶּן־אַרְבָּעִ֣ים שָׁנָ֔ה בְּקַחְתּ֣וֹ אֶת־רִבְקָ֗ה בַּת־בְּתוּאֵל֙ הָֽאֲרַמִּ֔י מִפַּדַּ֖ן אֲרָ֑ם אֲח֛וֹת לָבָ֥ן הָאֲרַמִּ֖י ל֥וֹ לְאִשָּֽׁה):
• The standard idiom of age is “X is a son of Y years.”
• Sentence Typology A (בְּקַחְתּ֣וֹ אֶת־רִבְקָ֗ה בַּת־בְּתוּאֵל֙ הָֽאֲרַמִּ֔י מִפַּדַּ֖ן אֲרָ֑ם אֲח֛וֹת לָבָ֥ן הָאֲרַמִּ֖י ל֥וֹ לְאִשָּֽׁה): V-S-O-M
• This temporal phrase is marked by beth preposition and infinitive.
• The 3ms pronominal suffix attached to the infinitive construct serves as the subject of the infinitive.  The object is marked by the definite direct object marker, אֶת־.
• The object is described by a series of descriptive phrases. 
• The ending of הארמי is the singular gentilic (or ethnic) suffix.  The definite article signals the substantive usage of this adjective.
• The second descriptive phrase begins with אחות “the sister of.”
• The normal idiom of marriage is “He takes for himself (לו) as a wife (לאשׁה).”

Verse 21

• Sentence Typology 1 (וַיֶּעְתַּ֨ר יִצְחָ֤ק לַֽיהוָה֙ לְנֹ֣כַח אִשְׁתּ֔וֹ): V-S-O-M
• The object of the Qal verb עתר is marked by the lamed preposition.
• Sentence Typology 2 (כִּ֥י עֲקָרָ֖ה הִ֑וא): P-S
• This subordinated verbless clause gives the reason for the entreaty of Isaac.
• Sentence Typology 3 (וַיֵּעָ֤תֶר לוֹ֙ יְהוָ֔ה): V-M-S
• The Niphal functions as a medio-passive stem in Hebrew.  God is always the subject of this Niphal verb, meaning “be supplicated by (ל) an individual,” and results in the granting of the request.
• Sentence Typology 4 (וַתַּ֖הַר רִבְקָ֥ה אִשְׁתּֽוֹ): V-S

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