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וַיִּקְרָ֛א מַלְאַ֥ךְ יְהוָ֖ה אֶל־אַבְרָהָ֑ם שֵׁנִ֖ית מִן־הַשָּׁמָֽיִם׃ 16 וַיֹּ֕אמֶר בִּ֥י נִשְׁבַּ֖עְתִּי נְאֻם־יְהוָ֑ה כִּ֗י יַ֚עַן אֲשֶׁ֤ר עָשִׂ֙יתָ֙ אֶת־הַדָּבָ֣ר הַזֶּ֔ה וְלֹ֥א חָשַׂ֖כְתָּ אֶת־בִּנְךָ֥ אֶת־יְחִידֶֽךָ׃ 17 כִּֽי־בָרֵ֣ךְ אֲבָרֶכְךָ֗ וְהַרְבָּ֨ה אַרְבֶּ֤ה אֶֽת־זַרְעֲךָ֙ כְּכוֹכְבֵ֣י הַשָּׁמַ֔יִם וְכַח֕וֹל אֲשֶׁ֖ר עַל־שְׂפַ֣ת הַיָּ֑ם וְיִרַ֣שׁ זַרְעֲךָ֔ אֵ֖ת שַׁ֥עַר אֹיְבָֽיו׃ 18 וְהִתְבָּרֲכ֣וּ בְזַרְעֲךָ֔ כֹּ֖ל גּוֹיֵ֣י הָאָ֑רֶץ עֵ֕קֶב אֲשֶׁ֥ר שָׁמַ֖עְתָּ בְּקֹלִֽי׃ 19 וַיָּ֤שָׁב אַבְרָהָם֙ אֶל־נְעָרָ֔יו וַיָּקֻ֛מוּ וַיֵּלְכ֥וּ יַחְדָּ֖ו אֶל־בְּאֵ֣ר שָׁ֑בַע וַיֵּ֥שֶׁב אַבְרָהָ֖ם בִּבְאֵ֥ר שָֽׁבַע׃ פ

Vocabulary

Verse 15

            שׁני  “second”

Verse 16

            יען אשׁר  conjunction: “because”

            חשֹך  verb: “withhold” (BDB, 362)

            יחיד  “only” (BDB, 402)

Verse 17

            כוכב  “star” (BDB, 456)

            חול  “sand” (BDB, 297)

            שׁפה  noun: “edge”

Verse 18

            עקב  “because” (BDB, 784)

Verse 19

            יחדו  “together”

            באר שׁבע  name: “Beersheba”

Syntax & Misc.

Verse 15

• Sentence Typology 1 (וַיִּקְרָ֛א מַלְאַ֥ךְ יְהוָ֖ה אֶל־אַבְרָהָ֑ם שֵׁנִ֖ית מִן־הַשָּׁמָֽיִם): V-S-IO-M
• The feminine ordinal, שׁנית, is used as an adverb—“secondly, a second time” (GKC 134r).

Verse 16

• Sentence Typology 1 (וַיֹּ֕אמֶר בִּ֥י נִשְׁבַּ֖עְתִּי נְאֻם־יְהוָ֑ה כִּ֗י יַ֚עַן אֲשֶׁ֤ר עָשִׂ֙יתָ֙ אֶת־הַדָּבָ֣ר הַזֶּ֔ה וְלֹ֥א חָשַׂ֖כְתָּ אֶת־בִּנְךָ֥ אֶת־יְחִידֶֽךָ): V-O
• The object clause is direct speech.
• Embedded Typology 1 (בִּ֥י נִשְׁבַּ֖עְתִּי נְאֻם־יְהוָ֑ה כִּ֗י יַ֚עַן אֲשֶׁ֤ר עָשִׂ֙יתָ֙ אֶת־הַדָּבָ֣ר הַזֶּ֔ה וְלֹ֥א חָשַׂ֖כְתָּ אֶת־בִּנְךָ֥ אֶת־יְחִידֶֽךָ): M-V-M-O
• The Niphal verb, נִשְׁבַּ֖עְתִּי, is used as a reflexive, “by myself I have sworn.”
• The construct phrase, נְאֻם־יְהוָ֑ה, is considered for the sake of typological arrangement as an adverbial phrase.
• The כִּי clause functions as an object clause similar to ὅτι in Greek (GKC 157b).
• Embedded Typology A (עָשִׂ֙יתָ֙ אֶת־הַדָּבָ֣ר הַזֶּ֔ה): V-O
• The demonstrative, זה, agrees in gender, number and definiteness.
• Embedded Typology B (וְלֹ֥א חָשַׂ֖כְתָּ אֶת־בִּנְךָ֥ אֶת־יְחִידֶֽךָ): V-O
• The repetition of אֵת marks apposition of the second element.
• Most of the witnesses conclude with מִמֶּנִּי “from me” echoing verse 12.

Verse 17

• Sentence Typology 1 (כִּֽי־בָרֵ֣ךְ אֲבָרֶכְךָ֗): M-V
• The כִּי designates certainty of oath or promise (GKC 149a).
• The infinitive absolute followed by a finite verb of the same stem places stress on the verb—typically translated adverbially with “surely” (GKC 113n).
• Sentence Typology 2 (וְהַרְבָּ֨ה אַרְבֶּ֤ה אֶֽת־זַרְעֲךָ֙ כְּכוֹכְבֵ֣י הַשָּׁמַ֔יִם וְכַח֕וֹל אֲשֶׁ֖ר עַל־שְׂפַ֣ת הַיָּ֑ם): M-V-O
• See GKC 75ff for a comment on the pointing of וְהַרְבָּ֨ה.
• Embedded Typology 1 (עַל־שְׂפַ֣ת הַיָּ֑ם): [S]-P
• Sentence Typology 3 (וְיִרַ֣שׁ זַרְעֲךָ֔ אֵ֖ת שַׁ֥עַר אֹיְבָֽיו): V-S-O
• The antecedent of the 3ms suffix, אֹיְבָֽיו, is the subject, זרע.

Verse 18

• Sentence Typology 1 (וְהִתְבָּרֲכ֣וּ בְזַרְעֲךָ֔ כֹּ֖ל גּוֹיֵ֣י הָאָ֑רֶץ עֵ֕קֶב אֲשֶׁ֥ר שָׁמַ֖עְתָּ בְּקֹלִֽי): V-M-S
• The Hithpael perfect, וְהִתְבָּרֲכ֣וּ, is used as a passive.
• Embedded Typology 1 (עֵ֕קֶב אֲשֶׁ֥ר שָׁמַ֖עְתָּ בְּקֹלִֽי): V-O
• The conjunction phrase, עֵ֕קֶב אֲשֶׁ֥ר, is used to mark subordinate clauses elsewhere in Genesis 26:5 and 2 Samuel 12:6 (GKC 158b).
• The preposition beth marking the direct object is sequenced with שׁמע to mean “obey.”

Verse 19

• Sentence Typology 1 (וַיָּ֤שָׁב אַבְרָהָם֙ אֶל־נְעָרָ֔יו): V-S-M
• The plural noun, נערים, again refers to Abraham’s servants and not merely Isaac.
• Sentence Typology 2 (וַיָּקֻ֛מוּ): V
• Sentence Typology 3 (וַיֵּלְכ֥וּ יַחְדָּ֖ו אֶל־בְּאֵ֣ר שָׁ֑בַע): V-M
• Sentence Typology 4 (וַיֵּ֥שֶׁב אַבְרָהָ֖ם בִּבְאֵ֥ר שָֽׁבַע): V-S-M
• The repetition of באר שׁבע in the final clause is uncharacteristically heavy.

וַיָּבֹ֗אוּ אֶֽל־הַמָּקוֹם֮ אֲשֶׁ֣ר אָֽמַר־ל֣וֹ הָאֱלֹהִים֒ וַיִּ֨בֶן שָׁ֤ם אַבְרָהָם֙ אֶת־הַמִּזְבֵּ֔חַ וַֽיַּעֲרֹ֖ךְ אֶת־הָעֵצִ֑ים וַֽיַּעֲקֹד֙ אֶת־יִצְחָ֣ק בְּנ֔וֹ וַיָּ֤שֶׂם אֹתוֹ֙ עַל־הַמִּזְבֵּ֔חַ מִמַּ֖עַל לָעֵצִֽים׃ 10 וַיִּשְׁלַ֤ח אַבְרָהָם֙ אֶת־יָד֔וֹ וַיִּקַּ֖ח אֶת־הַֽמַּאֲכֶ֑לֶת לִשְׁחֹ֖ט אֶת־בְּנֽוֹ׃ 11 וַיִּקְרָ֨א אֵלָ֜יו מַלְאַ֤ךְ יְהוָה֙ מִן־הַשָּׁמַ֔יִם וַיֹּ֖אמֶר אַבְרָהָ֣ם ׀ אַבְרָהָ֑ם וַיֹּ֖אמֶר הִנֵּֽנִי׃ 12 וַיֹּ֗אמֶר אַל־תִּשְׁלַ֤ח יָֽדְךָ֙ אֶל־הַנַּ֔עַר וְאַל־תַּ֥עַשׂ ל֖וֹ מְא֑וּמָּה כִּ֣י ׀ עַתָּ֣ה יָדַ֗עְתִּי כִּֽי־יְרֵ֤א אֱלֹהִים֙ אַ֔תָּה וְלֹ֥א חָשַׂ֛כְתָּ אֶת־בִּנְךָ֥ אֶת־יְחִידְךָ֖ מִמֶּֽנִּי׃ 13 וַיִּשָּׂ֨א אַבְרָהָ֜ם אֶת־עֵינָ֗יו וַיַּרְא֙ וְהִנֵּה־אַ֔יִל אַחַ֕ר נֶאֱחַ֥ז בַּסְּבַ֖ךְ בְּקַרְנָ֑יו וַיֵּ֤לֶךְ אַבְרָהָם֙ וַיִּקַּ֣ח אֶת־הָאַ֔יִל וַיַּעֲלֵ֥הוּ לְעֹלָ֖ה תַּ֥חַת בְּנֽוֹ׃ 14 וַיִּקְרָ֧א אַבְרָהָ֛ם שֵֽׁם־הַמָּק֥וֹם הַה֖וּא יְהוָ֣ה ׀ יִרְאֶ֑ה אֲשֶׁר֙ יֵאָמֵ֣ר הַיּ֔וֹם בְּהַ֥ר יְהוָ֖ה יֵרָאֶֽה׃

Vocabulary

Verse 9

            ערך  verb: “arrange”

            עקד  verb: “bind” (BDB, 785)

            ממעל  “on top of” (BDB, 751)

Verse 10

            מאכלת  “knife” (BDB, 38)

            שׁחט  verb (Qal infinitive construct): “slaughter (a sacrifice)”

Verse 12

            מאומה  “anything” (BDB, 548)

            ירא  “fearing” (BDB, 431)

            חשֹך  verb: “withhold (BDB, 362)

            יחיד  “only” (BDB, 402)

Verse 13

            איל  noun: “ram”

            אחז  verb (Niphal perfect 3ms): “caught”

            סבך  “thicket” (BDB, 687)

            קדן  “horn”

            עלה  noun: “burnt offering”

Syntax & Misc.

Verse 9

• Sentence Typology 1 (וַיָּבֹ֗אוּ אֶֽל־הַמָּקוֹם֮ אֲשֶׁ֣ר אָֽמַר־ל֣וֹ הָאֱלֹהִים֒): V-M
• Embedded Typology 1 (אָֽמַר־ל֣וֹ הָאֱלֹהִים֒): V-IO-M-[O]
• Sentence Typology 2 (וַיִּ֨בֶן שָׁ֤ם אַבְרָהָם֙ אֶת־הַמִּזְבֵּ֔חַ): V-M-S-O
• The English translator may choose to use an indefinite article where the Hebrew expresses definiteness, המזבח.
• Sentence Typology 3 (וַֽיַּעֲרֹ֖ךְ אֶת־הָעֵצִ֑ים): V-O
• The plural form of עץ indicates “pieces of wood.”
• Sentence Typology 4 (וַֽיַּעֲקֹד֙ אֶת־יִצְחָ֣ק בְּנ֔וֹ): V-O
• The familial relation, בְּנוֹ, continues to be repeated.
• Sentence Typology 5 (וַיָּ֤שֶׂם אֹתוֹ֙ עַל־הַמִּזְבֵּ֔חַ מִמַּ֖עַל לָעֵצִֽים): V-O-M

Verse 10

• Sentence Typology 1 (וַיִּשְׁלַ֤ח אַבְרָהָם֙ אֶת־יָד֔וֹ): V-S-O
• Sentence Typology 2 (וַיִּקַּ֖ח אֶת־הַֽמַּאֲכֶ֑לֶת לִשְׁחֹ֖ט אֶת־בְּנֽוֹ): V-O
• Embedded Typology 1 (לִשְׁחֹ֖ט אֶת־בְּנֽוֹ): V-O

Verse 11

• Sentence Typology 1 (וַיִּקְרָ֨א אֵלָ֜יו מַלְאַ֤ךְ יְהוָה֙ מִן־הַשָּׁמַ֔יִם): V-M-S-M
• The final phrase is designated as an adverbial modifier (“he spoke from heaven”); however one may consider it adjectival that is describing the location from which the messenger came (“the messenger from heaven”).  The accent יְהוָה֙ is pashta, a postpositive disjunctive.
• Sentence Typology 2 (וַיֹּ֖אמֶר אַבְרָהָ֣ם ׀ אַבְרָהָ֑ם): V-O
• The object is the direct speech the repetition of Abraham.
• Sentence Typology 3 (וַיֹּ֖אמֶר הִנֵּֽנִי): V-O
• The object is direct speech.
• Embedded Typology 1 (הִנֵּֽנִי): S-P
• The copula in a verbless clause may be הנה (or הן); the subject is the pronominal suffix attached to the enclitic (cf. GKC 147b).

Verse 12

• Sentence Typology 1 (וַיֹּ֗אמֶר אַל־תִּשְׁלַ֤ח יָֽדְךָ֙ אֶל־הַנַּ֔עַר וְאַל־תַּ֥עַשׂ ל֖וֹ מְא֑וּמָּה כִּ֣י ׀ עַתָּ֣ה יָדַ֗עְתִּי כִּֽי־יְרֵ֤א אֱלֹהִים֙ אַ֔תָּה וְלֹ֥א חָשַׂ֛כְתָּ אֶת־בִּנְךָ֥ אֶת־יְחִידְךָ֖ מִמֶּֽנִּי): V-O
• The object is direct speech.
• Sentence Typology 1 (אַל־תִּשְׁלַ֤ח יָֽדְךָ֙ אֶל־הַנַּ֔עַר): V-O-M
• The negative, אַל, is used to negate a jussive.
• Several witnesses (Samaritan Pentateuch, LXX & Vulgate) demonstrate in their Vorlage the preposition, עַל “against,” instead of אֶל.
• Sentence Typology 2 (וְאַל־תַּ֥עַשׂ ל֖וֹ מְא֑וּמָּה): V-IO-O
• Sentence Typology 3 (כִּ֣י ׀ עַתָּ֣ה יָדַ֗עְתִּי כִּֽי־יְרֵ֤א אֱלֹהִים֙ אַ֔תָּה): M-V-O
• The object is the embedded clause marked by the second כִּי.
• Sentence Typology 4 (כִּֽי־יְרֵ֤א אֱלֹהִים֙ אַ֔תָּה): P-S
• The participle, יְרֵא, serves as a verbal adjective in construct with אלהים “one fearing God” (GKC 116g).
• Sentence Typology 5 (וְלֹ֥א חָשַׂ֛כְתָּ אֶת־בִּנְךָ֥ אֶת־יְחִידְךָ֖ מִמֶּֽנִּי): V-O-M
• The initial waw designates a causal arraignment—“for” (GKC 158a).
• The repetition of direct object marks appositional objects.

Verse 13

• Sentence Typology 1 (וַיִּשָּׂ֨א אַבְרָהָ֜ם אֶת־עֵינָ֗יו): V-S-O
• Sentence Typology 2 (וַיַּרְא֙): V
• Sentence Typology 3 (וְהִנֵּה־אַ֔יִל אַחַ֕ר נֶאֱחַ֥ז בַּסְּבַ֖ךְ בְּקַרְנָ֑יו): S-V-M
• The Niphal verb is passive.
• Sentence Typology 4 (וַיֵּ֤לֶךְ אַבְרָהָם֙):V-S
• Sentence Typology 5 (וַיִּקַּ֣ח אֶת־הָאַ֔יִל): V-O
• Sentence Typology 6 (וַיַּעֲלֵ֥הוּ לְעֹלָ֖ה תַּ֥חַת בְּנֽוֹ): V-O-M
• The object of עלה is the 3ms inseparable suffix.
• The term תחת is used as “instead of.”

Verse 14

• Sentence Typology 1 (וַיִּקְרָ֧א אַבְרָהָ֛ם שֵֽׁם־הַמָּק֥וֹם הַה֖וּא יְהוָ֣ה ׀ יִרְאֶ֑ה): V-S-O-OC
• ההוא serves as a demonstrative agreeing in person, number and definiteness.
• The object complement (OC) is the clause, יהוה יראה.
• Embedded Typology 1 (יְהוָ֣ה ׀ יִרְאֶ֑ה): S-V
• Sentence Typology 2 (אֲשֶׁר֙ יֵאָמֵ֣ר הַיּ֔וֹם בְּהַ֥ר יְהוָ֖ה יֵרָאֶֽה): V-M-O
• The particle, אשׁר, is used as a conjunction meaning “because” (GKC 166b).
• The Niphal is used passively as reported speech, “it was said that.”
• The object is the reported speech.
• Embedded Typology 1 (בְּהַ֥ר יְהוָ֖ה יֵרָאֶֽה): M-S-V
• Notice the change in stem from Qal in the previous clause to Niphal (see comment above).

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בַּיּ֣וֹם הַשְּׁלִישִׁ֗י וַיִּשָּׂ֨א אַבְרָהָ֧ם אֶת־עֵינָ֛יו וַיַּ֥רְא אֶת־הַמָּק֖וֹם מֵרָחֹֽק׃ 5 וַיֹּ֨אמֶר אַבְרָהָ֜ם אֶל־נְעָרָ֗יו שְׁבוּ־לָכֶ֥ם פֹּה֙ עִֽם־הַחֲמ֔וֹר וַאֲנִ֣י וְהַנַּ֔עַר נֵלְכָ֖ה עַד־כֹּ֑ה וְנִֽשְׁתַּחֲוֶ֖ה וְנָשׁ֥וּבָה אֲלֵיכֶֽם׃ 6 וַיִּקַּ֨ח אַבְרָהָ֜ם אֶת־עֲצֵ֣י הָעֹלָ֗ה וַיָּ֙שֶׂם֙ עַל־יִצְחָ֣ק בְּנ֔וֹ וַיִּקַּ֣ח בְּיָד֔וֹ אֶת־הָאֵ֖שׁ וְאֶת־הַֽמַּאֲכֶ֑לֶת וַיֵּלְכ֥וּ שְׁנֵיהֶ֖ם יַחְדָּֽו׃ 7 וַיֹּ֨אמֶר יִצְחָ֜ק אֶל־אַבְרָהָ֤ם אָבִיו֙ וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אָבִ֔י וַיֹּ֖אמֶר הִנֶּ֣נִּֽי בְנִ֑י וַיֹּ֗אמֶר הִנֵּ֤ה הָאֵשׁ֙ וְהָ֣עֵצִ֔ים וְאַיֵּ֥ה הַשֶּׂ֖ה לְעֹלָֽה׃ 8 וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙ אַבְרָהָ֔ם אֱלֹהִ֞ים יִרְאֶה־לּ֥וֹ הַשֶּׂ֛ה לְעֹלָ֖ה בְּנִ֑י וַיֵּלְכ֥וּ שְׁנֵיהֶ֖ם יַחְדָּֽו׃

Vocabulary

Verse 4

            שׁלישׁי  ordinal number: “third”

            רחוק  noun: “distance”

Verse 5

            פה  “here’ (BDB, 805)

            חמור  “male donkey”

            שׁחה  verb (Hishtafal waw-consecutive imperfect 1cpl): “bow down, worship”

Verse 6

            מאכלת  “knife” (BDB, 38)

            יחדו  adverb: “together”

Verse 7

            איה  “where?” (BDB, 32)

            שֹה  “sheep” (BDB, 961)

Verse 8

            שׁה  “sheep” (BDB, 961)

Syntax & Misc.

Verse 4

• Sentence Typology 1 (בַּיּ֣וֹם הַשְּׁלִישִׁ֗י וַיִּשָּׂ֨א אַבְרָהָ֧ם אֶת־עֵינָ֛יו): M-V-S-O
• A waw-consecutive imperfect typically marks the initiation of a clause; however it may follow an expression of time (cf. GKC 111b).  Other examples of this sequence include Isaiah 6:1 בִּשְׁנַת־מוֹת֙ הַמֶּ֣לֶךְ עֻזִּיָּ֔הוּ וָאֶרְאֶ֧ה “In the year of King Uzziah’s death, I saw…”  This construction (Latin grammarians would label it as casus pendens) may be used to denote the backbone of the narrative (van der Merwe 21.2.2.2.c), produce a narrative “soft” pause/disjunction or merely indicate a shift in time no different than using ויהי.
• Sentence Typology 2 (וַיַּ֥רְא אֶת־הַמָּק֖וֹם מֵרָחֹֽק): V-O-M

Verse 5

• Sentence Typology 1 (וַיֹּ֨אמֶר אַבְרָהָ֜ם אֶל־נְעָרָ֗יו שְׁבוּ־לָכֶ֥ם פֹּה֙ עִֽם־הַחֲמ֔וֹר וַאֲנִ֣י וְהַנַּ֔עַר נֵלְכָ֖ה עַד־כֹּ֑ה וְנִֽשְׁתַּחֲוֶ֖ה וְנָשׁ֥וּבָה אֲלֵיכֶֽם): V-S-IO-O
• The object is direct speech.
• Embedded Typology 1 (שְׁבוּ־לָכֶ֥ם פֹּה֙ עִֽם־הַחֲמ֔וֹר): V-M
• The use of lamed plus pronominal suffix marks dativus commodi (action for someone) commonly used with the imperative (GKC 119s; cf. 22:2).
• Embedded Typology 2 (וַאֲנִ֣י וְהַנַּ֔עַר נֵלְכָ֖ה עַד־כֹּ֑ה): S-V-M
• The sequencing of conjunctions וְ … וְ producing a compound subject—“both I and the boy shall go.”
• The נער mentioned here is Isaac and not one of the נערים from the first clause.
• The verb, נלכה, has a modal (or cohortative) force.
• Embedded Typology 3 (וְנִֽשְׁתַּחֲוֶ֖ה): V
• Embedded Typology 4 (וְנָשׁ֥וּבָה אֲלֵיכֶֽם): V-M
• The verb, נשׁובה, is modal/cohortative.

Verse 6

• Sentence Typology 1 (וַיִּקַּ֨ח אַבְרָהָ֜ם אֶת־עֲצֵ֣י הָעֹלָ֗ה): V-S-O
• The plural of עץ connotes “pieces of wood.”
• Sentence Typology 2 (וַיָּ֙שֶׂם֙ עַל־יִצְחָ֣ק בְּנ֔וֹ): V-M
• The continued apposition of בְּנוֹ is marked in this narrative.
• Sentence Typology 3 (וַיִּקַּ֣ח בְּיָד֔וֹ אֶת־הָאֵ֖שׁ וְאֶת־הַֽמַּאֲכֶ֑לֶת): V-M-O
• The idea of הָאֵשׁ is probably a flame or torch.
• Sentence Typology 4 (וַיֵּלְכ֥וּ שְׁנֵיהֶ֖ם יַחְדָּֽו): V-S-M

Verse 7

• Sentence Typology 1 (וַיֹּ֨אמֶר יִצְחָ֜ק אֶל־אַבְרָהָ֤ם אָבִיו֙): V-S-IO
• Again note the familial title in apposition to a name.
• Sentence Typology 2 (וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אָבִ֔י): V-O
• The object is direct speech.
• Sentence Typology 3 (וַיֹּ֖אמֶר הִנֶּ֣נִּֽי בְנִ֑י): V-O
• The shift in speaker is marked by the repetition of ויאמר.
• Embedded Typology 1 (הִנֶּ֣נִּֽי בְנִ֑י): S-P
• The copula in a verbless clause may be הנה (or הן).  Here the subject is the pronominal suffix attached to the enclitic (cf. GKC 147b).
• Sentence Typology 1 (וַיֹּ֗אמֶר הִנֵּ֤ה הָאֵשׁ֙ וְהָ֣עֵצִ֔ים וְאַיֵּ֥ה הַשֶּׂ֖ה לְעֹלָֽה): V-O
• The object is direct speech.
• Embedded Typology 1 (הִנֵּ֤ה הָאֵשׁ֙ וְהָ֣עֵצִ֔ים): S-P
• Embedded Typology 2 (וְאַיֵּ֥ה הַשֶּׂ֖ה לְעֹלָֽה): S-P
• The interrogative is a verbless clause.
• The lamed is marking purpose—“for the burnt offering.”

Verse 8

• Sentence Typology 1 (וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙ אַבְרָהָ֔ם אֱלֹהִ֞ים יִרְאֶה־לּ֥וֹ הַשֶּׂ֛ה לְעֹלָ֖ה בְּנִ֑י): V-S-O
• The object is direct speech.
• Embedded Typology 1 (אֱלֹהִ֞ים יִרְאֶה־לּ֥וֹ הַשֶּׂ֛ה לְעֹלָ֖ה בְּנִ֑י): S-V-M
• The 3ms suffix, לּוֹ, points cataphoricly to השֹה.
• בְּנִי functions as a vocative of address.
• Sentence Typology 2 (וַיֵּלְכ֥וּ שְׁנֵיהֶ֖ם יַחְדָּֽו): V-S-M

וַיְהִ֗י אַחַר֙ הַדְּבָרִ֣ים הָאֵ֔לֶּה וְהָ֣אֱלֹהִ֔ים נִסָּ֖ה אֶת־אַבְרָהָ֑ם וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֵלָ֔יו אַבְרָהָ֖ם וַיֹּ֥אמֶר הִנֵּֽנִי׃ 2 וַיֹּ֡אמֶר קַח־נָ֠א אֶת־בִּנְךָ֙ אֶת־יְחִֽידְךָ֤ אֲשֶׁר־אָהַ֙בְתָּ֙ אֶת־יִצְחָ֔ק וְלֶךְ־לְךָ֔ אֶל־אֶ֖רֶץ הַמֹּרִיָּ֑ה וְהַעֲלֵ֤הוּ שָׁם֙ לְעֹלָ֔ה עַ֚ל אַחַ֣ד הֶֽהָרִ֔ים אֲשֶׁ֖ר אֹמַ֥ר אֵלֶֽיךָ׃ 3 וַיַּשְׁכֵּ֨ם אַבְרָהָ֜ם בַּבֹּ֗קֶר וַֽיַּחֲבֹשׁ֙ אֶת־חֲמֹר֔וֹ וַיִּקַּ֞ח אֶת־שְׁנֵ֤י נְעָרָיו֙ אִתּ֔וֹ וְאֵ֖ת יִצְחָ֣ק בְּנ֑וֹ וַיְבַקַּע֙ עֲצֵ֣י עֹלָ֔ה וַיָּ֣קָם וַיֵּ֔לֶךְ אֶל־הַמָּק֖וֹם אֲשֶׁר־אָֽמַר־ל֥וֹ הָאֱלֹהִֽים׃

Vocabulary

Verse 1

            נסה  verb (Niphal perfect 3ms): “test” (BDB, 650)

Verse 2

            יחיד  “only” (BDB, 402)

            אהב  verb: “love”

            יצחק  name: “Isaac”

            מריה  name: “Moriah”

Verse 3

            שׁכם  verb (Hiphil waw-consecutive imperfect 3ms): “rise early”

            חבשׁ  verb: “bind, saddle” (BDB, 289)

            חמור  noun: “male donkey”

            בקע  verb (Piel waw-consecutive imperfect 3ms): “cut into pieces, chop”

            עלה  noun: “burnt offering”

Syntax & Misc.

Verse 1

• Sentence Typology 1 (וַיְהִ֗י אַחַר֙ הַדְּבָרִ֣ים הָאֵ֔לֶּה): V-SC
• See GKC 111f for more information on the use of this introduction clause.
• Sentence Typology 2 (וְהָ֣אֱלֹהִ֔ים נִסָּ֖ה אֶת־אַבְרָהָ֑ם): S-V-O
• Sentence Typology 3 (וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֵלָ֔יו אַבְרָהָ֖ם): V-IO-O
• The subject, אלהים, remains the same from the previous clause; whereas the direct speech includes only the name, אברהם.
• Sentence Typology 4 (וַיֹּ֥אמֶר הִנֵּֽנִי): V-O
• Marked by the reiteration of אמר the subject shifts to Abraham’s response.

Verse 2

• Sentence Typology 1 (וַיֹּ֡אמֶר קַח־נָ֠א אֶת־בִּנְךָ֙ אֶת־יְחִֽידְךָ֤ אֲשֶׁר־אָהַ֙בְתָּ֙ אֶת־יִצְחָ֔ק וְלֶךְ־לְךָ֔ אֶל־אֶ֖רֶץ הַמֹּרִיָּ֑ה וְהַעֲלֵ֤הוּ שָׁם֙ לְעֹלָ֔ה עַ֚ל אַחַ֣ד הֶֽהָרִ֔ים אֲשֶׁ֖ר אֹמַ֥ר אֵלֶֽיךָ): V-O
• The subject shifts back to אלהים with the speech marker, אמר.
• The object is direct speech.
• Embedded Typology 1 (קַח־נָ֠א אֶת־בִּנְךָ֙ אֶת־יְחִֽידְךָ֤ אֲשֶׁר־אָהַ֙בְתָּ֙ אֶת־יִצְחָ֔ק): V-O-M
• The repetition of את marks apposition to the direct object, בִּנְךָ (GKC 131h).
• Embedded Typology A (אָהַ֙בְתָּ֙): V-[O]
• The object of Abraham’s love is the relative marker whose antecedent is יחיד.
• Embedded Typology 2 (וְלֶךְ־לְךָ֔ אֶל־אֶ֖רֶץ הַמֹּרִיָּ֑ה): V-M-O
• The use of lamed plus pronominal suffix marks dativus commodi (action for someone) commonly used with the imperative (GKC 119s; cf. 22:2).
• The proper name, מריה or מראה (cf. Targum Pseudo-Jonathan) or מוראה (cf. Samaritan Pentateuch), is used only here and in 1 Chronicles 3:1 as the site of Solomon’s Temple.
• Embedded Typology 3 (וְהַעֲלֵ֤הוּ שָׁם֙ לְעֹלָ֔ה עַ֚ל אַחַ֣ד הֶֽהָרִ֔ים אֲשֶׁ֖ר אֹמַ֥ר אֵלֶֽיךָ): V-O-M
• Embedded Typology A (אֹמַ֥ר אֵלֶֽיךָ): V-IO-[O]
• The object refers to the mountain, אחד ההרים.
• אֹמַר is pointed as a first person imperfect verb.

Verse 3

• Sentence Typology 1 (וַיַּשְׁכֵּ֨ם אַבְרָהָ֜ם בַּבֹּ֗קֶר): V-S-M
• The Hiphil of שׁכם is regularly used in conjunction with a following verb to form a verbal hendiadys (one meaning through two verbs).
• Sentence Typology 2 (וַֽיַּחֲבֹשׁ֙ אֶת־חֲמֹר֔וֹ): V-O
• Sentence Typology 3 (וַיִּקַּ֞ח אֶת־שְׁנֵ֤י נְעָרָיו֙ אִתּ֔וֹ וְאֵ֖ת יִצְחָ֣ק בְּנ֑וֹ): V-O-M-O
• נער in this context means clearly servant.
• The first and third אֵת mark the compound direct objects; whereas, the second אִתוֹ is the preposition with 3ms pronominal suffix (GKC 135i).
• בְּנוֹ is in apposition to the proper name, יצחק.
• Sentence Typology 4 (וַיְבַקַּע֙ עֲצֵ֣י עֹלָ֔ה): V-O
• The object is a construct phrase.
• The plural of עץ is used commonly to indicate pieces of wood.
• Sentence Typology 5 (וַיָּ֣קָם): V
• Sentence Typology 6 (וַיֵּ֔לֶךְ אֶל־הַמָּק֖וֹם אֲשֶׁר־אָֽמַר־ל֥וֹ הָאֱלֹהִֽים): V-M
• Embedded Typology 1 (אָֽמַר־ל֥וֹ הָאֱלֹהִֽים): V-IO-S-[O]