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וַאֲבִימֶ֕לֶךְ לֹ֥א קָרַ֖ב אֵלֶ֑יהָ וַיֹּאמַ֕ר אֲדֹנָ֕י הֲג֥וֹי גַּם־צַדִּ֖יק תַּהֲרֹֽג׃ 5 הֲלֹ֨א ה֤וּא אָֽמַר־לִי֙ אֲחֹ֣תִי הִ֔וא וְהִֽיא־גַם־הִ֥וא אָֽמְרָ֖ה אָחִ֣י ה֑וּא בְּתָם־לְבָבִ֛י וּבְנִקְיֹ֥ן כַּפַּ֖י עָשִׂ֥יתִי זֹֽאת׃ 6 וַיֹּאמֶר֩ אֵלָ֨יו הָֽאֱלֹהִ֜ים בַּחֲלֹ֗ם גַּ֣ם אָנֹכִ֤י יָדַ֙עְתִּי֙ כִּ֤י בְתָם־לְבָבְךָ֙ עָשִׂ֣יתָ זֹּ֔את וָאֶחְשֹׂ֧ךְ גַּם־אָנֹכִ֛י אֽוֹתְךָ֖ מֵחֲטוֹ־לִ֑י עַל־כֵּ֥ן לֹא־נְתַתִּ֖יךָ לִנְגֹּ֥עַ אֵלֶֽיהָ׃ 7 וְעַתָּ֗ה הָשֵׁ֤ב אֵֽשֶׁת־הָאִישׁ֙ כִּֽי־נָבִ֣יא ה֔וּא וְיִתְפַּלֵּ֥ל בַּֽעַדְךָ֖ וֶֽחְיֵ֑ה וְאִם־אֵֽינְךָ֣ מֵשִׁ֗יב דַּ֚ע כִּי־מ֣וֹת תָּמ֔וּת אַתָּ֖ה וְכָל־אֲשֶׁר־לָֽךְ׃

Vocabulary

Verse 4

            אבימלך  name: “Abimelech”

            הרג  verb (Qal imperfect 2ms): “kill”

Verse 5

            תם  “integrity” (BDB, 1070)

            נקיון  “innocency” (BDB, 667)

            כף  noun: “hand”

Verse 6

            חלום  noun: “dream”

            תם  “integrity” (BDB, 1070)

            חשֹך  verb (Qal imperfect 1cs): “withhold” (BDB, 362)

            חטא  verb (Qal infinitive construct with מִן preposition): “sin”

            על־כן  “therefore”

            נגע  verb: “touch”

Verse 7

            פלל  verb (Hithpael waw-consecutive imperfect 3ms): “pray”

            בעד  preposition: “for, on behalf of”

Syntax & Misc.

Verse 4

• Sentence Typology 1 (וַאֲבִימֶ֕לֶךְ לֹ֥א קָרַ֖ב אֵלֶ֑יהָ): S-V-O
• The waw + nonverb construction marks a disjunctive.
• The Qal perfect verb functions as a pluperfect קָרַב “had come” (GKC 142a).
• Sentence Typology 2 (וַיֹּאמַ֕ר אֲדֹנָ֕י הֲג֥וֹי גַּם־צַדִּ֖יק תַּהֲרֹֽג): V-S-O
• The object is direct speech.
• Embedded Typology 1 (הֲג֥וֹי גַּם־צַדִּ֖יק תַּהֲרֹֽג): O-M-V
• The initial prefixed הֲ is an interrogative he.

Verse 5

• Sentence Typology 1 (הֲלֹ֨א ה֤וּא אָֽמַר־לִי֙ אֲחֹ֣תִי הִ֔וא): S-V-IO-O
• The initial prefixed הֲ is an interrogative he.
• The object is direct speech.
• Embedded Typology 1 (אֲחֹ֣תִי הִ֔וא): P-S
• The Kethib Qere perpetuum is read as הִיא (GKC 32l).
• Sentence Typology 2 (וְהִֽיא־גַם־הִ֥וא אָֽמְרָ֖ה אָחִ֣י ה֑וּא): S-V-O
• The closeness of הִיא and הִיא (cf. Genesis 38:25; Numbers 5:13, 14) should be noted (GKC 32l).
• The repetition is used as a reflexive—“herself.”
• This report of her speech was not relayed in the previous account.
• Embedded Typology 1 (אָחִ֣י ה֑וּא): P-S
• This phrase is distinguished consonantally from the last embedded clause only by the addition of a ת (אחתי vs. אחי), because of the plene spelling of אחות “sister.”
• Sentence Typology 3 (בְּתָם־לְבָבִ֛י וּבְנִקְיֹ֥ן כַּפַּ֖י עָשִׂ֥יתִי זֹֽאת): M-V-O
• The modifying phrase is compound.

Verse 6

• Sentence Typology 1 (וַיֹּאמֶר֩ אֵלָ֨יו הָֽאֱלֹהִ֜ים בַּחֲלֹ֗ם גַּ֣ם אָנֹכִ֤י יָדַ֙עְתִּי֙ כִּ֤י בְתָם־לְבָבְךָ֙ עָשִׂ֣יתָ זֹּ֔את וָאֶחְשֹׂ֧ךְ גַּם־אָנֹכִ֛י אֽוֹתְךָ֖ מֵחֲטוֹ־לִ֑י עַל־כֵּ֥ן לֹא־נְתַתִּ֖יךָ לִנְגֹּ֥עַ אֵלֶֽיהָ): V-IO-S-M-O
• The designation of הָֽאֱלֹהִ֜ים (not merely אלהים) is interesting as God is speaking to a foreigner.
• The prepositional phrase, בַּחֲלֹ֗ם, elicits the instrument through which God used to speak to Abimelech.
• The object is direct speech.
• Embedded Typology 1 (גַּ֣ם אָנֹכִ֤י יָדַ֙עְתִּי֙): M-S-V
• Embedded Typology 2 (כִּ֤י בְתָם־לְבָבְךָ֙ עָשִׂ֣יתָ זֹּ֔את): M-V-O
• Embedded Typology 3 (וָאֶחְשֹׂ֧ךְ גַּם־אָנֹכִ֛י אֽוֹתְךָ֖ מֵחֲטוֹ־לִ֑י): V-S-O-M
• The infinitive construct is functioning as a participle, “from sinning.”
• See GKC 75qq (note n) for an explanation of the final waw of the infinitive מחטו.
• The lamed preposition is adversative “against.”
• Embedded Typology 5 (עַל־כֵּ֥ן לֹא־נְתַתִּ֖יךָ לִנְגֹּ֥עַ אֵלֶֽיהָ): V-O-M
• נתן with an accusative of person means to permit or allow someone to do something (GKC 114m).
• The modifier is an infinitival clause.
• Embedded Typology 6 (לִנְגֹּ֥עַ אֵלֶֽיהָ): V-O

Verse 7

• Sentence Typology 1 (וְעַתָּ֗ה הָשֵׁ֤ב אֵֽשֶׁת־הָאִישׁ֙): V-O
• The verb השׁב is a Hiphil imperative from the root, שׁוב.
• Sentence Typology 2 (כִּֽי־נָבִ֣יא ה֔וּא): P-S
• This clause connects with the following clause to understand the כִּי.
• Sentence Typology 3 (וְיִתְפַּלֵּ֥ל בַּֽעַדְךָ֖): V-M
• Sentence Typology 4 (וֶֽחְיֵ֑ה): V
• For more on the form of חיה with prefixed syllables see GKC 63q.
• The function of the imperative, וֶֽחְיֵ֑ה, is describing certainty or intention (GKC 110i).
• Sentence Typology 5 (וְאִם־אֵֽינְךָ֣ מֵשִׁ֗יב): V-S
• The circumstantial clause begins with the particle אין functioning periphrastically with the Hiphil participle (GKC 159v).
• The 2ms suffix functions as the subject.
• Sentence Typology 6 (דַּ֚ע כִּי־מ֣וֹת תָּמ֔וּת אַתָּ֖ה וְכָל־אֲשֶׁר־לָֽךְ): V-O
• The apodosis is asyndetic (not marked by waw).
• The particle, כִּי, is functioning as a relative “that.”
• Sentence Typology 1 (כִּי־מ֣וֹת תָּמ֔וּת אַתָּ֖ה וְכָל־אֲשֶׁר־לָֽךְ): M-V-S
• The sequencing of an infinitive absolute and finite verb with the same root is used to heighten or emphasis the verbal idea—“surely you will die.”

1 וַיִּסַּ֨ע מִשָּׁ֤ם אַבְרָהָם֙ אַ֣רְצָה הַנֶּ֔גֶב וַיֵּ֥שֶׁב בֵּין־קָדֵ֖שׁ וּבֵ֣ין שׁ֑וּר וַיָּ֖גָר בִּגְרָֽר׃ 2 וַיֹּ֧אמֶר אַבְרָהָ֛ם אֶל־שָׂרָ֥ה אִשְׁתּ֖וֹ אֲחֹ֣תִי הִ֑וא וַיִּשְׁלַ֗ח אֲבִימֶ֙לֶךְ֙ מֶ֣לֶךְ גְּרָ֔ר וַיִּקַּ֖ח אֶת־שָׂרָֽה׃ 3 וַיָּבֹ֧א אֱלֹהִ֛ים אֶל־אֲבִימֶ֖לֶךְ בַּחֲל֣וֹם הַלָּ֑יְלָה וַיֹּ֣אמֶר ל֗וֹ הִנְּךָ֥ מֵת֙ עַל־הָאִשָּׁ֣ה אֲשֶׁר־לָקַ֔חְתָּ וְהִ֖וא בְּעֻ֥לַת בָּֽעַל׃

Vocabulary

Verse 1

            נסע  verb (Qal waw-consecutive imperfect 3ms): “depart, leave”

            נגב  name: “Negev (southern desert)”

            קדשׁ  name: “Kadesh”

            שׁור  name: “Shur”

            גור  verb: “sojourn”

            גרר  name: “Gerar”

Verse 2

            שֹרה  name: “Sarah”

            אבימלך  name: “Abimelech”

            גרר  name: “Gerar”

Verse 3

            חלום  noun: “dream”

            בעל  verb (Qal passive particle fs): “marry” (BDB, 127)          

Syntax & Misc.

Verse 1

• Sentence Typology 1 (וַיִּסַּ֨ע מִשָּׁ֤ם אַבְרָהָם֙ אַ֣רְצָה הַנֶּ֔גֶב): V-M-S-M
• The verb, נסע, connotes the pulling up of tent pegs or departing on a journey.
• The first noun of the final construct phrase, אַ֣רְצָה, is marked with a directive he suffix denoting the destination/goal of the journey (GKC 90c).
• The word, נגב, can indicate the cardinal direction or designate a particular southern region.  In this context, the latter is specified.
• Sentence Typology 2 (וַיֵּ֥שֶׁב בֵּין־קָדֵ֖שׁ וּבֵ֣ין שׁ֑וּר): V-M
• The sequencing of וּבֵין … בֵּין indicates proximity “between … and …”
• Sentence Typology 3 (וַיָּ֖גָר בִּגְרָֽר): V-M
• Notice the word play (aural similarity).

Verse 2

• Sentence Typology 1 (וַיֹּ֧אמֶר אַבְרָהָ֛ם אֶל־שָׂרָ֥ה אִשְׁתּ֖וֹ אֲחֹ֣תִי הִ֑וא): V-S-IO-O
• The appellation, אִשְׁתּוֹ, is in apposition to the proper name, שׁרה.
• The object is direct speech.
• Embeded Typology 1 (אֲחֹ֣תִי הִ֑וא): P-S
• The particle, הִוא, is pointed as a 3fs pronoun; the perpetual Kethib Qere reads הִיא and not הוּא.
• Sentence Typology 2 (וַיִּשְׁלַ֗ח אֲבִימֶ֙לֶךְ֙ מֶ֣לֶךְ גְּרָ֔ר): V-S
• The construct phrase, מֶ֣לֶךְ גְּרָ֔ר, is appositional to the proper name, אֲבִימֶ֙לֶךְ֙.
• Sentence Typology 3 (וַיִּקַּ֖ח אֶת־שָׂרָֽה): V-O
• The verb, לקח, indicates taking into his house/harem.

Verse 3

• Sentence Typology 1 (וַיָּבֹ֧א אֱלֹהִ֛ים אֶל־אֲבִימֶ֖לֶךְ בַּחֲל֣וֹם הַלָּ֑יְלָה): V-S-O-M
• The article functions as a demonstrative, הלילה “that night.”
• Sentence Typology 2 (וַיֹּ֣אמֶר ל֗וֹ הִנְּךָ֥ מֵת֙ עַל־הָאִשָּׁ֣ה אֲשֶׁר־לָקַ֔חְתָּ וְהִ֖וא בְּעֻ֥לַת בָּֽעַל): V-IO-O
• The object is direct speech.
• Embedded Typology 1 (הִנְּךָ֥ מֵת֙ עַל־הָאִשָּׁ֣ה אֲשֶׁר־לָקַ֔חְתָּ): S-V-M
• The a pronominal suffix attached to the particle הנה functioning as the subject of the clause can be used with a participle to denote future time/events, so-called futurum instans (GKC 116p).
• The preposition, עַל, is functioning as a causal, “because.”
• Embedded Typology 2 (אֲשֶׁר־לָקַ֔חְתָּ): O-V
• Embedded Typology 3 (וְהִ֖וא בְּעֻ֥לַת בָּֽעַל):
• See note on הִיא in verse 2.
• The passive particle is used in a periphrastic construct—“was married.”
• The term, בָּעַל, is used of “husband.”

וַֽיְהִי֙ מִֽמָּחֳרָ֔ת וַתֹּ֤אמֶר הַבְּכִירָה֙ אֶל־הַצְּעִירָ֔ה הֵן־שָׁכַ֥בְתִּי אֶ֖מֶשׁ אֶת־אָבִ֑י נַשְׁקֶ֨נּוּ יַ֜יִן גַּם־הַלַּ֗יְלָה וּבֹ֙אִי֙ שִׁכְבִ֣י עִמּ֔וֹ וּנְחַיֶּ֥ה מֵאָבִ֖ינוּ זָֽרַע׃ 35 וַתַּשְׁקֶ֜יןָ גַּ֣ם בַּלַּ֧יְלָה הַה֛וּא אֶת־אֲבִיהֶ֖ן יָ֑יִן וַתָּ֤קָם הַצְּעִירָה֙ וַתִּשְׁכַּ֣ב עִמּ֔וֹ וְלֹֽא־יָדַ֥ע בְּשִׁכְבָ֖הּ וּבְקֻמָֽהּ׃ 36 וַֽתַּהֲרֶ֛יןָ שְׁתֵּ֥י בְנֽוֹת־ל֖וֹט מֵאֲבִיהֶֽן׃ 37 וַתֵּ֤לֶד הַבְּכִירָה֙ בֵּ֔ן וַתִּקְרָ֥א שְׁמ֖וֹ מוֹאָ֑ב ה֥וּא אֲבִֽי־מוֹאָ֖ב עַד־הַיּֽוֹם׃ 38 וְהַצְּעִירָ֤ה גַם־הִוא֙ יָ֣לְדָה בֵּ֔ן וַתִּקְרָ֥א שְׁמ֖וֹ בֶּן־עַמִּ֑י ה֛וּא אֲבִ֥י בְנֵֽי־עַמּ֖וֹן עַד־הַיּֽוֹם׃ ס

Vocabulary

Verse 34

            מחרת  “tomorrow” (BDB, 564)

            בכירה  “firstborn” (BDB, 114)

            צעיר  “young” (BDB, 859)

            שׁכב  verb: “lie down”

            אמשׁ  “yesterday” (BDB, 57)

            שׁקה  verb (Hiphil jussive 1cpl with 3ms suffix): “cause to drink”

Verse 35

            צעיר  “young” (BDB, 859)

Verse 36

            חרח  verb (Hiphil waw-consecutive imperfect 3fpl): “conceive” (BDB, 247)

Verse 37

            בכירה  “firstborn” (BDB, 114)

            מואב  name: “Moab”

Verse 38

            צעיר  “young” (BDB, 859)

            אמון  name: “Ammon”

Syntax & Misc.

Verse 34

• Sentence Typology 1 (וַֽיְהִי֙ מִֽמָּחֳרָ֔ת): V-SC
• The verbal construction, ויהי, is oft used to express time (GKC 111g).
• Sentence Typology 2 (וַתֹּ֤אמֶר הַבְּכִירָה֙ אֶל־הַצְּעִירָ֔ה הֵן־שָׁכַ֥בְתִּי אֶ֖מֶשׁ אֶת־אָבִ֑י נַשְׁקֶ֨נּוּ יַ֜יִן גַּם־הַלַּ֗יְלָה וּבֹ֙אִי֙ שִׁכְבִ֣י עִמּ֔וֹ וּנְחַיֶּ֥ה מֵאָבִ֖ינוּ זָֽרַע): V-S-IO-O
• The adjective, צעיר, is used as a substantive (GKC 133f).
• The object is direct speech.
• Embedded Typology 1 (הֵן־שָׁכַ֥בְתִּי אֶ֖מֶשׁ אֶת־אָבִ֑י): V-M-O
• The verb, שׁכב, can imply sexual relations.
• Embedded Typology 2 (נַשְׁקֶ֨נּוּ יַ֜יִן גַּם־הַלַּ֗יְלָה): V-O-O-M
• The imperfect in first position (asyndetic) is jussive or modal (“Let us make him drink”).
• The definite article is functioning as a demonstrative, הַלַּ֗יְלָה “this night/tonight” (GKC 126b).
• Embedded Typology 3 (וּבֹ֙אִי֙): V
• The two imperatives without copula denote a joint verbal idea.
• Embedded Typology 4 (שִׁכְבִ֣י עִמּ֔וֹ): V-M
• Embedded Typology 5 (וּנְחַיֶּ֥ה מֵאָבִ֖ינוּ זָֽרַע): V-M-O
• The Piel verb, חיה, is transitive.

Verse 35

• Sentence Typology 1 (וַתַּשְׁקֶ֜יןָ גַּ֣ם בַּלַּ֧יְלָה הַה֛וּא אֶת־אֲבִיהֶ֖ן יָ֑יִן): V-M-O-O
• The Hiphil of שׁקה takes two objects.
• Unlike verse 33, the demonstrative, הַה֛וּא, takes the article.
• Sentence Typology 2 (וַתָּ֤קָם הַצְּעִירָה֙): V-S
• Sentence Typology 3 (וַתִּשְׁכַּ֣ב עִמּ֔וֹ): V-M
• Sentence Typology 4 (וְלֹֽא־יָדַ֥ע בְּשִׁכְבָ֖הּ וּבְקֻמָֽהּ): V-M-M
• The modifiers are infinitive clauses.
• Embedded Typology 1 (בְּשִׁכְבָ֖הּ): V-S
• The beth is temporal—“when.”
• The pronominal suffix is subjective.
• Embedded Typology 2 (וּבְקֻמָֽהּ): V-s

Verse 36

• Sentence Typology 1 (וַֽתַּהֲרֶ֛יןָ שְׁתֵּ֥י בְנֽוֹת־ל֖וֹט מֵאֲבִיהֶֽן): V-S-M
• The feminine plural ending נָה of the verb is reduced to ןָ (GKC 47l).
• The subject clause is a three member construct phrase, שְׁתֵּ֥י בְנֽוֹת־ל֖וֹט “the two daughters of Lot.”
• The מִן phrase denotes instrumentation, “by.”

Verse 37

• Sentence Typology 1 (וַתֵּ֤לֶד הַבְּכִירָה֙ בֵּ֔ן): V-S-O
• Sentence Typology 2 (וַתִּקְרָ֥א שְׁמ֖וֹ מוֹאָ֑ב): V-O-OC
• The object complement is understood as the predication of the object clause.
• Sentence Typology 3 (ה֥וּא אֲבִֽי־מוֹאָ֖ב עַד־הַיּֽוֹם): S-P
• Asyndeton is used to explain the significance of the name.
• The naming formula designates the patronage of this people group.
• The prefixed article, הַיּֽוֹם, is used as a demonstrative, “this day/today.”

Verse 38

• Sentence Typology 1 (וְהַצְּעִירָ֤ה גַם־הִוא֙ יָ֣לְדָה בֵּ֔ן): S-V-O
• The appellation of the younger daughter, וְהַצְּעִירָ֤ה, is fronted and replaced in the clause by the pronoun, הוא.
• The pronoun is pointed as if the consonantal text was היא “she” and not חוא “he.”  This is a perpetual Kethib Qere like the divine name.
• Sentence Typology 2 (וַתִּקְרָ֥א שְׁמ֖וֹ בֶּן־עַמִּ֑י): V-O-OC
• The moniker, בֶּן־עַמִּ֑י (son of my father), is appropriate.
• Sentence Typology 3 (ה֛וּא אֲבִ֥י בְנֵֽי־עַמּ֖וֹן עַד־הַיּֽוֹם): S-P
• Asyndeton again is used in this naming formula.
• The predicate of the verbless clause is made up of the three member construct phrase, אֲבִ֥י בְנֵֽי־עַמּ֖וֹן.
• The prefixed article, הַיּֽוֹם, is used as a demonstrative, “this day/today.”

וַיַּעַל֩ ל֨וֹט מִצּ֜וֹעַר וַיֵּ֣שֶׁב בָּהָ֗ר וּשְׁתֵּ֤י בְנֹתָיו֙ עִמּ֔וֹ כִּ֥י יָרֵ֖א לָשֶׁ֣בֶת בְּצ֑וֹעַר וַיֵּ֙שֶׁב֙ בַּמְּעָרָ֔ה ה֖וּא וּשְׁתֵּ֥י בְנֹתָֽיו׃ 31 וַתֹּ֧אמֶר הַבְּכִירָ֛ה אֶל־הַצְּעִירָ֖ה אָבִ֣ינוּ זָקֵ֑ן וְאִ֨ישׁ אֵ֤ין בָּאָ֙רֶץ֙ לָב֣וֹא עָלֵ֔ינוּ כְּדֶ֖רֶךְ כָּל־הָאָֽרֶץ׃ 32 לְכָ֨ה נַשְׁקֶ֧ה אֶת־אָבִ֛ינוּ יַ֖יִן וְנִשְׁכְּבָ֣ה עִמּ֑וֹ וּנְחַיֶּ֥ה מֵאָבִ֖ינוּ זָֽרַע׃ 33 וַתַּשְׁקֶ֧יןָ אֶת־אֲבִיהֶ֛ן יַ֖יִן בַּלַּ֣יְלָה ה֑וּא וַתָּבֹ֤א הַבְּכִירָה֙ וַתִּשְׁכַּ֣ב אֶת־אָבִ֔יהָ וְלֹֽא־יָדַ֥ע בְּשִׁכְבָ֖הּ וּבְקוּׅמָֽהּ׃

Vocabulary

Verse 30

            לוט  name: “Lot”

            צוער  name: “Zoar”

            מערה  “cave” (BDB, 792)

Verse 31

            בכירה  “firstborn” (BDB, 114)

            צעיר  “young” (BDB, 859)

            זקן  verb (Qal perfect 3ms): “be old” (BDB, 278)

Verse 32

            שׁקה  verb (Hiphil imperfect 1cpl): “cause to drink”          

            שׁכב  verb (Qal waw-consecutive cohortative 1cpl): “lie down”

Verse 33

            בכירה  “firstborn” (BDB, 114)

Syntax & Misc.

Verse 30

• Sentence Typology 1 (וַיַּעַל֩ ל֨וֹט מִצּ֜וֹעַר): V-S-M
• The verb, עלה “go up,” when in the waw-consecutive imperfect drops the final he (apocopation) because of the retraction of stress.
• The nun of the prepostion מִן is assimilated to the sade causing the dagesh forte.
• Sentence Typology 2 (וַיֵּ֣שֶׁב בָּהָ֗ר): V-M
• The subject, Lot, continues from the previous clause.
• Sentence Typology 3 (וּשְׁתֵּ֤י בְנֹתָיו֙ עִמּ֔וֹ): S-P
• The waw is disjunctive indicating that this clause is giving background information.
• The subject of this verbless clause is the three member construct phrase, וּשְׁתֵּ֤י בְנֹתָיו֙.
• Sentence Typology 4 (כִּ֥י יָרֵ֖א לָשֶׁ֣בֶת בְּצ֑וֹעַר): V-M
• The verbal modifier is an infinitival phrase.
• Embedded Typology 1 (לָשֶׁ֣בֶת בְּצ֑וֹעַר): V-M
• First yod verbs (ישׁב) form their infinitive constructs by adding ת with segholate pointing, לָשֶׁ֣בֶת.
• Sentence Typology 5 (וַיֵּ֙שֶׁב֙ בַּמְּעָרָ֔ה ה֖וּא וּשְׁתֵּ֥י בְנֹתָֽיו): V-M-S
• The sequencing of a כִּי clause with a waw-consecutive is understood as “because…then…”
• The definite article with בַּמְּעָרָ֔ה denotes a specific location of which the author has not described; it is best translated in English with the indefinite article (GKC 126r).
• Continuing the subject of the previous clauses, the 3ms verb refers only to the first member of the compound subject, ה֖וּא וּשְׁתֵּ֥י בְנֹתָֽיו “he and his two daughters.”

Verse 31

• Sentence Typology 1 (וַתֹּ֧אמֶר הַבְּכִירָ֛ה אֶל־הַצְּעִירָ֖ה אָבִ֣ינוּ זָקֵ֑ן וְאִ֨ישׁ אֵ֤ין בָּאָ֙רֶץ֙ לָב֣וֹא עָלֵ֔ינוּ כְּדֶ֖רֶךְ כָּל־הָאָֽרֶץ): V-S-IO-O
• The adjective, צעיר, is used with the article as a substantive—“the younger [daughter].”
• The object is direct speech.
• Embedded Typology 1 (אָבִ֣ינוּ זָקֵ֑ן): S-V
• Embedded Typology 2 (וְאִ֨ישׁ אֵ֤ין בָּאָ֙רֶץ֙ לָב֣וֹא עָלֵ֔ינוּ כְּדֶ֖רֶךְ כָּל־הָאָֽרֶץ): S-V-SC-M
• אֵין is used as a negation between the subject and the predicate/subject compliment (GKC 152o).
• The verbal modifier includes an infinitivial clause.
• Embedded Typology 1 (לָב֣וֹא עָלֵ֔ינוּ כְּדֶ֖רֶךְ כָּל־הָאָֽרֶץ): V-M
• The idiom, בוא עלינו, is used of sexual intercourse.

Verse 32

• Embedded Typology 3 (לְכָ֨ה): V
• The direct speech introduced in the last verse continues with the imperative form.
• The verb, הלך, functions as a first waw (R1 ו) verb, particularly with the above lengthened imperative form (GKC 69x).
• Embedded Typology 4 (נַשְׁקֶ֧ה אֶת־אָבִ֛ינוּ יַ֖יִן): V-O-O
• The asyndetic sequencing of an imperative with an imperfect is similar to the use of double command forms to combine the two verbal ideas into one unit.
• The Hiphil can be used with two objects, one a person and the other an object; thus שׁקה is understood as to “cause someone to drink something.”
• Embedded Typology 5 (וְנִשְׁכְּבָ֣ה עִמּ֑וֹ): V-M
• The cohortative indicates wish or desire, “let us.”
• The verbal idea of שׁכב also indicates sexual relations.
• Embedded Typology 6 (וּנְחַיֶּ֥ה מֵאָבִ֖ינוּ זָֽרַע): V-M
• The Piel verb is transitive and takes the object, זָֽרַע.

Verse 33

• Sentence Typology 1 (וַתַּשְׁקֶ֧יןָ אֶת־אֲבִיהֶ֛ן יַ֖יִן בַּלַּ֣יְלָה ה֑וּא): V-O-O-M
• The form נָה is shortened to ןָ (GKC 47l).
• The particle, הוּא, is used as a demonstrative.  GKC (126y) suggests that the article is omitted for euphony.
• Sentence Typology 2 (וַתָּבֹ֤א הַבְּכִירָה֙): V-S
• Sentence Typology 3 (וַתִּשְׁכַּ֣ב אֶת־אָבִ֔יהָ): V-M
• אֵת is the preposition “with.”
• Sentence Typology 4 (וְלֹֽא־יָדַ֥ע בְּשִׁכְבָ֖הּ וּבְקוּׅמָֽהּ): V-M
• The subject of the 3ms verb is לוט.
• The modifiers are infinitive clauses.
• Embedded Typology 1 (בְּשִׁכְבָ֖הּ): V-S
• The beth is temporal—“when.”
• The pronominal suffix is subjective.
• Embedded Typology 2 (וּבְקוּׅמָֽהּ): V-S