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וְאַבְרָהָ֖ם בֶּן־מְאַ֣ת שָׁנָ֑ה בְּהִוָּ֣לֶד ל֔וֹ אֵ֖ת יִצְחָ֥ק בְּנֽוֹ׃ 6 וַתֹּ֣אמֶר שָׂרָ֔ה צְחֹ֕ק עָ֥שָׂה לִ֖י אֱלֹהִ֑ים כָּל־הַשֹּׁמֵ֖עַ יִֽצְחַק־לִֽי׃ 7 וַתֹּ֗אמֶר מִ֤י מִלֵּל֙ לְאַבְרָהָ֔ם הֵינִ֥יקָה בָנִ֖ים שָׂרָ֑ה כִּֽי־יָלַ֥דְתִּי בֵ֖ן לִזְקֻנָֽיו׃ 8 וַיִּגְדַּ֥ל הַיֶּ֖לֶד וַיִּגָּמַ֑ל וַיַּ֤עַשׂ אַבְרָהָם֙ מִשְׁתֶּ֣ה גָד֔וֹל בְּי֖וֹם הִגָּמֵ֥ל אֶת־יִצְחָֽק׃

Vocabulary

Verse 5

            יצחק  name: “Isaac”

Verse 6

            צחק  noun: “laughter” (BDB, 850)

            צחק  verb: “laugh” (BDB, 850)

Verse 7

            מלל  verb (Piel perfect 3ms): “speak” (BDB, 576)

            ינק  verb (Hiphil perfect 3fs): “nurse” (BDB, 413)

            זקנים  “old age” (BDB, 279)

Verse 8

            גדל  verb: “grow up”

            גמל  verb (Niphal waw-consecutive imperfect 3ms): “be weaned” (BDB, 168)

            משׁתה  “feast” (BDB, 1059)

            גמל  verb (Niphal infinitive construct): “be weaned” (BDB, 168)

Syntax & Misc.

Verse 5

• Sentence Typology 1 (וְאַבְרָהָ֖ם בֶּן־מְאַ֣ת שָׁנָ֑ה): S-P
• The disjunctive waw serves to mark a parenthetical/divergent comment.
• The clause is a verbless clause.
• The idiom describing someone’s age is to say he is “a son of X years” (GKC 128v).
• Sentence Typology 2 (בְּהִוָּ֣לֶד ל֔וֹ אֵ֖ת יִצְחָ֥ק בְּנֽוֹ): V-M-O
• The beth preposition is temporal—“when”—subordinating this clause to its predecessor.
• This clause is a passive (Niphal) transform, “unto him was born Isaac” (GKC 121b).
• בְּנוֹ is in apposition to the proper name יצחק.

Verse 6

• Sentence Typology 1 (וַתֹּ֣אמֶר שָׂרָ֔ה צְחֹ֕ק עָ֥שָׂה לִ֖י אֱלֹהִ֑ים כָּל־הַשֹּׁמֵ֖עַ יִֽצְחַק־לִֽי): V-S-O
• The object is direct speech.
• Embedded Typology 1 (צְחֹ֕ק עָ֥שָׂה לִ֖י אֱלֹהִ֑ים): O-V-IO-S
• Embedded Typology 2 (כָּל־הַשֹּׁמֵ֖עַ יִֽצְחַק־לִֽי): S-V-M
• This asyndetic clause expands the proposition of the last clause.
• The participle is a substantive, “he who laughs.”

Verse 7

• Sentence Typology 1 (וַתֹּ֗אמֶר מִ֤י מִלֵּל֙ לְאַבְרָהָ֔ם הֵינִ֥יקָה בָנִ֖ים שָׂרָ֑ה כִּֽי־יָלַ֥דְתִּי בֵ֖ן לִזְקֻנָֽיו): V-O
• The object is direct speech.
• Embedded Typology 1 (מִ֤י מִלֵּל֙ לְאַבְרָהָ֔ם הֵינִ֥יקָה בָנִ֖ים שָׂרָ֑ה): S-V-IO-O
• The perfect expresses astonishment—“who would have said” (GKC 106p & 151a).
• The object is second level direct speech.
• Embedded Typology A (הֵינִ֥יקָה בָנִ֖ים שָׂרָ֑ה): V-O-S
• The plural noun, בָּנִים, indicates a class, “children” (GKC 124o).
• Sentence Typology 2 (כִּֽי־יָלַ֥דְתִּי בֵ֖ן לִזְקֻנָֽיו): V-S-M
• The thematic repetition of this idea should be noted.

Verse 8

• Sentence Typology 1 (וַיִּגְדַּ֥ל הַיֶּ֖לֶד): V-S
• Sentence Typology 2 (וַיִּגָּמַ֑ל): V
• The above pausal form, וַיִּגָּמַ֑ל, has a patah in the final syllable and not the expected sere (GKC 51m).
• Sentence Typology 3 (וַיַּ֤עַשׂ אַבְרָהָם֙ מִשְׁתֶּ֣ה גָד֔וֹל): V-S-O
• The absolute form, משׁתה, is followed by an adjective.
• Sentence Typology 4 (בְּי֖וֹם הִגָּמֵ֥ל אֶת־יִצְחָֽק): M-V-O
• The Niphal verb is passive.

וְאַבְרָהָ֣ם זָקֵ֔ן בָּ֖א בַּיָּמִ֑ים וַֽיהוָ֛ה בֵּרַ֥ךְ אֶת־אַבְרָהָ֖ם בַּכֹּֽל׃ 2 וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אַבְרָהָ֗ם אֶל־עַבְדּוֹ֙ זְקַ֣ן בֵּית֔וֹ הַמֹּשֵׁ֖ל בְּכָל־אֲשֶׁר־ל֑וֹ שִֽׂים־נָ֥א יָדְךָ֖ תַּ֥חַת יְרֵכִֽי׃ 3 וְאַשְׁבִּ֣יעֲךָ֔ בַּֽיהוָה֙ אֱלֹהֵ֣י הַשָּׁמַ֔יִם וֵֽאלֹהֵ֖י הָאָ֑רֶץ אֲשֶׁ֨ר לֹֽא־תִקַּ֤ח אִשָּׁה֙ לִבְנִ֔י מִבְּנוֹת֙ הַֽכְּנַעֲנִ֔י אֲשֶׁ֥ר אָנֹכִ֖י יוֹשֵׁ֥ב בְּקִרְבּֽוֹ׃ 4 כִּ֧י אֶל־אַרְצִ֛י וְאֶל־מוֹלַדְתִּ֖י תֵּלֵ֑ךְ וְלָקַחְתָּ֥ אִשָּׁ֖ה לִבְנִ֥י לְיִצְחָֽק׃

Vocabulary

Verse 1

            זקן  verb: “be old” (BDB, 278)

Verse 2

            משׁל  verb (Qal participle ms): “rule”

            ירך  “thigh, loins” (BDB, 437)

Verse 3

            כנעני  name: “Canaanites”

Verse 4

            מולדת  “kindred” (BDB, 409)

Syntax & Misc.

Verse 1

• Sentence Typology 1 (וְאַבְרָהָ֣ם זָקֵ֔ן בָּ֖א בַּיָּמִ֑ים): S-P
• The initial waw is disjunctive (waw + nonverb).
• The verb represents a state (GKC 142b).
• The participle, בָּא, is a nominal.
• Sentence Typology 2 (וַֽיהוָ֛ה בֵּרַ֥ךְ אֶת־אַבְרָהָ֖ם בַּכֹּֽל): S-V-O-M

Verse 2

• Sentence Typology A (וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אַבְרָהָ֗ם אֶל־עַבְדּוֹ֙ זְקַ֣ן בֵּית֔וֹ הַמֹּשֵׁ֖ל בְּכָל־אֲשֶׁר־ל֑וֹ שִֽׂים־נָ֥א יָדְךָ֖ תַּ֥חַת יְרֵכִֽי): V-S-IO-O
• The object, עבדו, is followed by two appositional clauses designating to which servant is spoken.
• The second appositional clause contains the substantival participle, המשׁל “one ruling.”
• The object is direct speech that continues through the next two verses.
• Embedded Typology B (שִֽׂים־נָ֥א יָדְךָ֖ תַּ֥חַת יְרֵכִֽי): V-O-M
• The particle, נָא, is used frequently to soften the force of an imperative; it is sometimes translated as “please” (GKC 110d).

Verse 3

• Embedded Typology C (וְאַשְׁבִּ֣יעֲךָ֔ בַּֽיהוָה֙ אֱלֹהֵ֣י הַשָּׁמַ֔יִם וֵֽאלֹהֵ֖י הָאָ֑רֶץ אֲשֶׁ֨ר לֹֽא־תִקַּ֤ח אִשָּׁה֙ לִבְנִ֔י מִבְּנוֹת֙ הַֽכְּנַעֲנִ֔י אֲשֶׁ֥ר אָנֹכִ֖י יוֹשֵׁ֥ב בְּקִרְבּֽוֹ): V-IO-M-O
• The appellations, אלהי השׁמים and אלהי הארץ, are in apposition to the divine name.
• The object is the following clause marked by אשׁר (GKC 165b).
• Embedded Typology i (לֹֽא־תִקַּ֤ח אִשָּׁה֙ לִבְנִ֔י מִבְּנוֹת֙ הַֽכְּנַעֲנִ֔י אֲשֶׁ֥ר אָנֹכִ֖י יוֹשֵׁ֥ב בְּקִרְבּֽוֹ): V-O-M
• The lamed preposition shows purpose, לבני “for my son.”
• The final suffix of כנען is the gentilic ending.
• Embedded Typology α (אָנֹכִ֖י יוֹשֵׁ֥ב בְּקִרְבּֽוֹ): S-V-M
• This periphrastic verbal construction omits (or implies) היה.
• The 3ms final suffix refers to הכנעני.

Verse 4

• Embedded Typology ii (כִּ֧י אֶל־אַרְצִ֛י וְאֶל־מוֹלַדְתִּ֖י תֵּלֵ֑ךְ): M-V
• The particle, כִּי, demonstrates the purpose for the action required by the previous clause.
• GKC notes “When the nota accusativi (אֵת, אֶת־) or a preposition precedes the first substantive, it may be repeated before the noun in apposition (131h).
• Embedded Typology iii (וְלָקַחְתָּ֥ אִשָּׁ֖ה לִבְנִ֥י לְיִצְחָֽק): V-O-IO
• The waw-consecutive perfect (GKC 112q) followed by two appositional substantives with repeated prepositions forms a chiastic structure—ABBA—with the first clause (ii).

וַיִּקַּ֨ח אֲבִימֶ֜לֶךְ צֹ֣אן וּבָקָ֗ר וַעֲבָדִים֙ וּשְׁפָחֹ֔ת וַיִּתֵּ֖ן לְאַבְרָהָ֑ם וַיָּ֣שֶׁב ל֔וֹ אֵ֖ת שָׂרָ֥ה אִשְׁתּֽוֹ׃ 15 וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֲבִימֶ֔לֶךְ הִנֵּ֥ה אַרְצִ֖י לְפָנֶ֑יךָ בַּטּ֥וֹב בְּעֵינֶ֖יךָ שֵֽׁב׃ 16 וּלְשָׂרָ֣ה אָמַ֗ר הִנֵּ֨ה נָתַ֜תִּי אֶ֤לֶף כֶּ֙סֶף֙ לְאָחִ֔יךְ הִנֵּ֤ה הוּא־לָךְ֙ כְּס֣וּת עֵינַ֔יִם לְכֹ֖ל אֲשֶׁ֣ר אִתָּ֑ךְ וְאֵ֥ת כֹּ֖ל וְנֹכָֽחַת׃ 17 וַיִּתְפַּלֵּ֥ל אַבְרָהָ֖ם אֶל־הָאֱלֹהִ֑ים וַיִּרְפָּ֨א אֱלֹהִ֜ים אֶת־אֲבִימֶ֧לֶךְ וְאֶת־אִשְׁתּ֛וֹ וְאַמְהֹתָ֖יו וַיֵּלֵֽדוּ׃ 18 כִּֽי־עָצֹ֤ר עָצַר֙ יְהוָ֔ה בְּעַ֥ד כָּל־רֶ֖חֶם לְבֵ֣ית אֲבִימֶ֑לֶךְ עַל־דְּבַ֥ר שָׂרָ֖ה אֵ֥שֶׁת אַבְרָהָֽם׃ ס

Vocabulary

Verse 14

            אבימלך  name: “Abimelech”

            בקר  noun: “cattle”

            שׁפחה  noun: “maidservant”

Verse 16

            כסות  noun: “covering” (BDB, 492)

            יכח  verb (Niphal participle* fs): “decide, judge”

Verse 17

            פלל  verb (Hithpael waw-consecutive imperfect 3ms): “intercede”

            רפא  verb: “heal”

            אמה  noun: “maidservant”

Verse 18

            עצר  verb: “shut up” (BDB, 783)

            רחם  “womb” (BDB, 933)

Syntax & Misc.

Verse 14

• Sentence Typology 1 (וַיִּקַּ֨ח אֲבִימֶ֜לֶךְ צֹ֣אן וּבָקָ֗ר וַעֲבָדִים֙ וּשְׁפָחֹ֔ת): V-S-O
• The compound object clause includes four elements joined by waw.
• Sentence Typology 2 (וַיִּתֵּ֖ן לְאַבְרָהָ֑ם): V-IO-[O]
• The implied object is the same as the compound object in the previous clause.
• Sentence Typology 3 (וַיָּ֣שֶׁב ל֔וֹ אֵ֖ת שָׂרָ֥ה אִשְׁתּֽוֹ): V-IO-O
• The final word, אִשְׁתּֽוֹ, is in apposition to the proper name, שָׂרָ֥ה “Sarah.”

Verse 15

• Sentence Typology 1 (וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֲבִימֶ֔לֶךְ הִנֵּ֥ה אַרְצִ֖י לְפָנֶ֑יךָ בַּטּ֥וֹב בְּעֵינֶ֖יךָ שֵֽׁב): V-S-O
• The object is direct speech.
• Embedded Typology 1 (הִנֵּ֥ה אַרְצִ֖י לְפָנֶ֑יךָ): M-S-P
• The verbless clause, “My land is before you,” uses an idiom to express possession.
• Embedded Typology 2 (בַּטּ֥וֹב בְּעֵינֶ֖יךָ שֵֽׁב): M-V
• The asyndetic construction epexegetically explains the previous clause.
• The verb, ישׁב “dwell,” sequenced with בְּ preposition marks a location.

Verse 16

• Sentence Typology 1 (וּלְשָׂרָ֣ה אָמַ֗ר הִנֵּ֨ה נָתַ֜תִּי אֶ֤לֶף כֶּ֙סֶף֙ לְאָחִ֔יךְ הִנֵּ֤ה הוּא־לָךְ֙ כְּס֣וּת עֵינַ֔יִם לְכֹ֖ל אֲשֶׁ֣ר אִתָּ֑ךְ וְאֵ֥ת כֹּ֖ל וְנֹכָֽחַת): IO-V-O
• The implied subject, Abimelech, continues from the previous verse.
• The object is direct speech.
• Embedded Typology 1 (הִנֵּ֨ה נָתַ֜תִּי אֶ֤לֶף כֶּ֙סֶף֙ לְאָחִ֔יךְ): M-V-O-IO
• The phrase, אֶ֤לֶף כֶּ֙סֶף֙, omits the exact measurement, i.e. shekels (GKC 134n).
• Embedded Typology 2 (הִנֵּ֤ה הוּא־לָךְ֙ כְּס֣וּת עֵינַ֔יִם לְכֹ֖ל אֲשֶׁ֣ר אִתָּ֑ךְ): M-S-P
• The clause is a verbless clause.
• The meaning of כְּס֣וּת עֵינַ֔יִם is dubious; yet it implies protection or vindication.
• Embedded Typology A (אֲשֶׁ֣ר אִתָּ֑ךְ): S-P
• The relative clause is verbless.
• Embedded Typology 3 (וְאֵ֥ת כֹּ֖ל וְנֹכָֽחַת):
• The particle, אֵת, is serving as the preposition—“with.”
• Some read the verbal as a Perfect 2fs, וְנֹכַחַתְּ “and thou art set right, righted, justified” (cf. BDB 407; GKC 116s).

Verse 17

• Sentence Typology 1 (וַיִּתְפַּלֵּ֥ל אַבְרָהָ֖ם אֶל־הָאֱלֹהִ֑ים): V-S-M
• Sentence Typology 2 (וַיִּרְפָּ֨א אֱלֹהִ֜ים אֶת־אֲבִימֶ֧לֶךְ וְאֶת־אִשְׁתּ֛וֹ וְאַמְהֹתָ֖יו): V-S-O
• The direct object marker follows each of the first three elements of the compound object; however, the final element does not include אֵת.  This deletion may be explained by grouping the final two elements together (אִשְׁתּ֛וֹ וְאַמְהֹתָ֖יו) or by euphony.
• Sentence Typology 3 (וַיֵּלֵֽדוּ): V

Verse 18

• Sentence Typology 1 (כִּֽי־עָצֹ֤ר עָצַר֙ יְהוָ֔ה בְּעַ֥ד כָּל־רֶ֖חֶם לְבֵ֣ית אֲבִימֶ֑לֶךְ עַל־דְּבַ֥ר שָׂרָ֖ה אֵ֥שֶׁת אַבְרָהָֽם): M-V-S-O
• The infinitive absolute used with a verb of the same root is used to intensify the verbal idea (GKC 113n).
• בעד is used idiomatically of shutting something.
• The final noun clause, אֵ֥שֶׁת אַבְרָהָֽם, is in apposition to the proper name, שָׂרָ֖ה.

וַיֹּ֥אמֶר אֲבִימֶ֖לֶךְ אֶל־אַבְרָהָ֑ם מָ֣ה רָאִ֔יתָ כִּ֥י עָשִׂ֖יתָ אֶת־הַדָּבָ֥ר הַזֶּֽה׃ 11 וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙ אַבְרָהָ֔ם כִּ֣י אָמַ֗רְתִּי רַ֚ק אֵין־יִרְאַ֣ת אֱלֹהִ֔ים בַּמָּק֖וֹם הַזֶּ֑ה וַהֲרָג֖וּנִי עַל־דְּבַ֥ר אִשְׁתִּֽי׃ 12 וְגַם־אָמְנָ֗ה אֲחֹתִ֤י בַת־אָבִי֙ הִ֔וא אַ֖ךְ לֹ֣א בַת־אִמִּ֑י וַתְּהִי־לִ֖י לְאִשָּֽׁה׃ 13 וַיְהִ֞י כַּאֲשֶׁ֧ר הִתְע֣וּ אֹתִ֗י אֱלֹהִים֮ מִבֵּ֣ית אָבִי֒ וָאֹמַ֣ר לָ֔הּ זֶ֣ה חַסְדֵּ֔ךְ אֲשֶׁ֥ר תַּעֲשִׂ֖י עִמָּדִ֑י אֶ֤ל כָּל־הַמָּקוֹם֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר נָב֣וֹא שָׁ֔מָּה אִמְרִי־לִ֖י אָחִ֥י הֽוּא׃

Vocabulary

Verse 10

            אבימלך  name: “Abimelech”

Verse 11

            רק  adverb: “surely”

            יראה  noun (construct singular): “fear, reverence” (BDB, 432)

            הרג  verb (Qal perfect 3cpl with 1cs suffix): “kill”

Verse 12

            אמנה  “truly, indeed” (BDB, 53)

            אחות  noun (with 1cs suffix): “sister”

Verse 13

            תעה  verb (Hiphil perfect 3mp): “cause to wander” (BDB, 1073)

Syntax & Misc.

Verse 10

• Sentence Typology 1 (וַיֹּ֥אמֶר אֲבִימֶ֖לֶךְ אֶל־אַבְרָהָ֑ם): V-S-IO-O
• The object is direct speech.
• Embedded Typology 1 (מָ֣ה רָאִ֔יתָ): O-V
• מָה is used as an interrogative—“what?”
• The intended connotation of ראה may be that of perception and not mere sight.
• Embedded Typology 2 (כִּ֥י עָשִׂ֖יתָ אֶת־הַדָּבָ֥ר הַזֶּֽה): V-O
• The particle, כִּי, can function as a causation marker or to identify purpose, “that” (cf. GKC 166b).
• The demonstrative modifies the nominal as an adjective with equivalent gender, number and definiteness.

Verse 11

• Sentence Typology 1 (וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙ אַבְרָהָ֔ם): V-S-O
• The object is direct speech.
• The implied indirect object is Abimelech.
• Embedded Typology 1 (כִּ֣י אָמַ֗רְתִּי): V-O
• Embedded Typology A (רַ֚ק אֵין־יִרְאַ֣ת אֱלֹהִ֔ים בַּמָּק֖וֹם הַזֶּ֑ה): M-P
• This clause represents the second level of discourse (“he said that I said…”).
• See GKC 153 for more information on the particle רַק.
• The negative existence marker, אין, designates the predicate.
• Embedded Typology B (וַהֲרָג֖וּנִי עַל־דְּבַ֥ר אִשְׁתִּֽי): V-O-M
• The waw, וַהֲרָג֖וּנִי, connotes result, i.e. “therefore (GKC 112x).
• In this context the preposition, עַל, means “on account of.”
• The noun, דְּבַר, is in construct (reduction of first syllable vowel from qames to shewa) with the following noun, אשׁתי “my wife.”

Verse 12

• Sentence Typology 1 (וְגַם־אָמְנָ֗ה אֲחֹתִ֤י בַת־אָבִי֙ הִ֔וא): M-SC-S
• The construct phrase, בת־אבי, is in apposition to אחתי “my sister.”
• Sentence Typology 2 (אַ֖ךְ לֹ֣א בַת־אִמִּ֑י): [S]-M-SC
• The particle, אך, is restrictive—“yet.”
• The pronoun הִוא is gapped (i.e. implied) in this clause.
• Sentence Typology 3 (וַתְּהִי־לִ֖י לְאִשָּֽׁה): [S]-P
• The first lamed is a lamed ascriptionis; the second is a lamed revaluationis (cf. Jenni, E., Die hebräischen Präpositionen. Band 3: Die Präposition Lamed [Stuttgart/Berlin: Kohlhammer, 2000]).

Verse 13

• Sentence Typology 1 (וַיְהִ֞י כַּאֲשֶׁ֧ר): V
• This construct/sequencing designates a temporal clause—“and it happened when…” (GKC 111g).
• Sentence Typology 2 (הִתְע֣וּ אֹתִ֗י אֱלֹהִים֮ מִבֵּ֣ית אָבִי֒): V-O-S-M
• The noun, אלהים, sometimes takes a plural verb (GKC 145i).
• Sentence Typology 3 (וָאֹמַ֣ר לָ֔הּ זֶ֣ה חַסְדֵּ֔ךְ אֲשֶׁ֥ר תַּעֲשִׂ֖י עִמָּדִ֑י אֶ֤ל כָּל־הַמָּקוֹם֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר נָב֣וֹא שָׁ֔מָּה אִמְרִי־לִ֖י אָחִ֥י הֽוּא): V-IO-O
• The 1cs imperfect verb is sequenced with a waw—“that”—expressing a fact.
• The object is direct speech.
• Embedded Typology 1 (זֶ֣ה חַסְדֵּ֔ךְ): S-P
• This clause is a verbless clause.
• Embedded Typology 2 (אֲשֶׁ֥ר תַּעֲשִׂ֖י עִמָּדִ֑י): O-V-M
• Embedded Typology 3 (אֶ֤ל כָּל־הַמָּקוֹם֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר נָב֣וֹא שָׁ֔מָּה אִמְרִי־לִ֖י אָחִ֥י הֽוּא): M-V-O
• The clause, אֶ֤ל כָּל־הַמָּקוֹם֙, seems to mean “in the whole place” and not “every place” (GKC 127e).
• The lamed, לִ֖י, follows a verbum dicendi meaning “in reference to” (GKC 119t).
• The object is direct speech.
• Embedded Typology A (אֲשֶׁ֣ר נָב֣וֹא שָׁ֔מָּה): V-M
• The final he, שָׁ֔מָּה, is a directive he.
• Embedded Typology B (אָחִ֥י הֽוּא): P-S

וַיַּשְׁכֵּ֨ם אֲבִימֶ֜לֶךְ בַּבֹּ֗קֶר וַיִּקְרָא֙ לְכָל־עֲבָדָ֔יו וַיְדַבֵּ֛ר אֶת־כָּל־הַדְּבָרִ֥ים הָאֵ֖לֶּה בְּאָזְנֵיהֶ֑ם וַיִּֽירְא֥וּ הָאֲנָשִׁ֖ים מְאֹֽד׃ 9 וַיִּקְרָ֨א אֲבִימֶ֜לֶךְ לְאַבְרָהָ֗ם וַיֹּ֨אמֶר ל֜וֹ מֶֽה־עָשִׂ֤יתָ לָּ֙נוּ֙ וּמֶֽה־חָטָ֣אתִי לָ֔ךְ כִּֽי־הֵבֵ֧אתָ עָלַ֛י וְעַל־מַמְלַכְתִּ֖י חֲטָאָ֣ה גְדֹלָ֑ה מַעֲשִׂים֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר לֹא־יֵֽעָשׂ֔וּ עָשִׂ֖יתָ עִמָּדִֽי׃

Vocabulary

Verse 8

            שׁכם  verb (Hiphil waw-consecutive imperfect 3ms): “rise early”

            אבימלך  name: “Abimelech”

Verse 9

            חטאה  noun: “sin”

Syntax & Misc.

Verse 8

• Sentence Typology 1 (וַיַּשְׁכֵּ֨ם אֲבִימֶ֜לֶךְ בַּבֹּ֗קֶר): V-S-M
• Sentence Typology 2 (וַיִּקְרָא֙ לְכָל־עֲבָדָ֔יו): V-O
• The subject continues from the previous clause.
• קרא sequenced with ל oft indicates a request for service from a servant (cf. 2 Kings 4:36; Job 19:16).
• Sentence Typology 3 (וַיְדַבֵּ֛ר אֶת־כָּל־הַדְּבָרִ֥ים הָאֵ֖לֶּה בְּאָזְנֵיהֶ֑ם): V-O-M
• The demonstrative, אלה, modifies the preceding noun as an adjective agreeing in gender, number and definiteness.
• Sentence Typology 4 (וַיִּֽירְא֥וּ הָאֲנָשִׁ֖ים מְאֹֽד): V-S-M
• The final clause shifts subjects to the ones previously spoken to.

Verse 9

• Sentence Typology 1 (וַיִּקְרָ֨א אֲבִימֶ֜לֶךְ לְאַבְרָהָ֗ם): V-S-IO-[O]
• The object is found in the second clause.
• Sentence Typology 1 (וַיֹּ֨אמֶר ל֜וֹ מֶֽה־עָשִׂ֤יתָ לָּ֙נוּ֙ וּמֶֽה־חָטָ֣אתִי לָ֔ךְ כִּֽי־הֵבֵ֧אתָ עָלַ֛י וְעַל־מַמְלַכְתִּ֖י חֲטָאָ֣ה גְדֹלָ֑ה מַעֲשִׂים֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר לֹא־יֵֽעָשׂ֔וּ עָשִׂ֖יתָ עִמָּדִֽי): V-IO-O
• The object is direct speech.
• Embedded Typology 1 (מֶֽה־עָשִׂ֤יתָ לָּ֙נוּ֙): O-V-M
• The particle מה could indicate an interrogative, “What have you done to us?”, or exclamation, “Oh what you have done to us!” (GKC 148b).
• Embedded Typology 2 (וּמֶֽה־חָטָ֣אתִי לָ֔ךְ): O-V-M
• Embedded Typology 3 (כִּֽי־הֵבֵ֧אתָ עָלַ֛י וְעַל־מַמְלַכְתִּ֖י חֲטָאָ֣ה גְדֹלָ֑ה): V-M-O
• The causative (Hiphil) stem of בוא means to “cause to come” or “bring.”
• Embedded Typology 4 (מַעֲשִׂים֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר לֹא־יֵֽעָשׂ֔וּ עָשִׂ֖יתָ עִמָּדִֽי): O-V-M
• The asyndetic clause further explains the חטאה גדלה “great sin” of the previous clause.
• The Niphal imperfect of עשֹה is functioning as a jussive.
• Embedded Typology 5 (אֲשֶׁ֣ר לֹא־יֵֽעָשׂ֔וּ): O-V