Jun 27 2006

Genesis 21:12-14

Published by Hardy at 6:33 am under Genesis, Grammar

וַיֹּ֨אמֶר אֱלֹהִ֜ים אֶל־אַבְרָהָ֗ם אַל־יֵרַ֤ע בְּעֵינֶ֙יךָ֙ עַל־הַנַּ֣עַר וְעַל־אֲמָתֶ֔ךָ כֹּל֩ אֲשֶׁ֨ר תֹּאמַ֥ר אֵלֶ֛יךָ שָׂרָ֖ה שְׁמַ֣ע בְּקֹלָ֑הּ כִּ֣י בְיִצְחָ֔ק יִקָּרֵ֥א לְךָ֖ זָֽרַע׃ 13 וְגַ֥ם אֶת־בֶּן־הָאָמָ֖ה לְג֣וֹי אֲשִׂימֶ֑נּוּ כִּ֥י זַרְעֲךָ֖ הֽוּא׃ 14 וַיַּשְׁכֵּ֣ם אַבְרָהָ֣ם ׀ בַּבֹּ֡קֶר וַיִּֽקַּֽח־לֶחֶם֩ וְחֵ֨מַת מַ֜יִם וַיִּתֵּ֣ן אֶל־הָ֠גָר שָׂ֧ם עַל־שִׁכְמָ֛הּ וְאֶת־הַיֶּ֖לֶד וַֽיְשַׁלְּחֶ֑הָ וַתֵּ֣לֶךְ וַתֵּ֔תַע בְּמִדְבַּ֖ר בְּאֵ֥ר שָֽׁבַע׃

Vocabulary

Verse 12

            רעע  verb (Qal jussive 3ms): “be evil, distress”

            אמה  “maidservant”

            זרע  “seed, descendents”

Verse 13

            שֹים  verb (Hiphil imperfect 1cs with 3ms suffix): “make”

Verse 14

            שׁכם  verb: “awake early”

            חמת  “waterskin” (BDB, 332)

            הגר  name: “Hagar”

            שׁכם  “shoulder” (BDB, 1014)

            תעה  verb (Qal waw-consecutive imperfect 3fs): “wander about” (BDB, 1073)

            מדבר  “desert”

            באר שׁבע  name: “Beersheba”

Syntax & Misc.

Verse 12

  • Sentence Typology 1 (וַיֹּ֨אמֶר אֱלֹהִ֜ים אֶל־אַבְרָהָ֗ם אַל־יֵרַ֤ע בְּעֵינֶ֙יךָ֙ עַל־הַנַּ֣עַר וְעַל־אֲמָתֶ֔ךָ כֹּל֩ אֲשֶׁ֨ר תֹּאמַ֥ר אֵלֶ֛יךָ שָׂרָ֖ה שְׁמַ֣ע בְּקֹלָ֑הּ כִּ֣י בְיִצְחָ֔ק יִקָּרֵ֥א לְךָ֖ זָֽרַע׃ וְגַ֥ם אֶת־בֶּן־הָאָמָ֖ה לְג֣וֹי אֲשִׂימֶ֑נּוּ כִּ֥י זַרְעֲךָ֖ הֽוּא): V-S-IO-O
    • The object is direct speech.
  • Embedded Typology 1 (אַל־יֵרַ֤ע בְּעֵינֶ֙יךָ֙ עַל־הַנַּ֣עַר וְעַל־אֲמָתֶ֔ךָ כֹּל֩ אֲשֶׁ֨ר תֹּאמַ֥ר אֵלֶ֛יךָ שָׂרָ֖ה): V-M-S
    • The negative, אַל, is used to negate jussive verbs.
    • The order of child and mother is reversed from verse ten,הָאָמָ֥ה הַזֹּ֖את וְאֶת־בְּנָ֑הּ.
    • The subject includes the following relative clause.
  • Embedded Typology 2 (אֲשֶׁ֨ר תֹּאמַ֥ר אֵלֶ֛יךָ שָׂרָ֖ה): [O]-V-IO-S
  • Embedded Typology 3 (שְׁמַ֣ע בְּקֹלָ֑הּ): V-M
    • The imperative clause is asyndetic.
    • The final dagesh, בְּקֹלָהּ, distinguishes the 3fs pronominal suffix from a feminine noun ending.
  • Embedded Typology 4 (כִּ֣י בְיִצְחָ֔ק יִקָּרֵ֥א לְךָ֖ זָֽרַע): M-V-O-S
    • The clause marked by the Niphal verb is passive.
    • The noun, זָרַע, is used as a collective singular (descendents) similar to the word “seed” in English.

Verse 13

  • Sentence Typology 5 (וְגַ֥ם אֶת־בֶּן־הָאָמָ֖ה לְג֣וֹי אֲשִׂימֶ֑נּוּ): M-V-O
    • The particle, אֵת, is functioning as a preposition.
  • Sentence Typology 6 (כִּ֥י זַרְעֲךָ֖ הֽוּא): P-S
    • This clause is verbless.

Verse 14

  • Sentence Typology 1 (וַיַּשְׁכֵּ֣ם אַבְרָהָ֣ם ׀ בַּבֹּ֡קֶר): V-S-M
  • Sentence Typology 2 (וַיִּֽקַּֽח־לֶחֶם֩ וְחֵ֨מַת מַ֜יִם): V-O
    • See GKC 95l for information on the construct phrase, חֵ֨מַת מַ֜יִם.
  • Sentence Typology 3 (וַיִּתֵּ֣ן אֶל־הָ֠גָר שָׂ֧ם עַל־שִׁכְמָ֛הּ וְאֶת־הַיֶּ֖לֶד): V-IO-[O]-M
    • The compound object from the previous clause is implied.
    • The final dagesh, שִׁכְמָ֛הּ, distinguishes the 3fs pronominal suffix from a feminine noun ending.
  • Sentence Typology 4 (וַֽיְשַׁלְּחֶ֑הָ): V-O
    • The object of the verb is the 3fs suffix.
  • Sentence Typology 5 (וַתֵּ֣לֶךְ): V
  • Sentence Typology 6 (וַתֵּ֔תַע בְּמִדְבַּ֖ר בְּאֵ֥ר שָֽׁבַע): V-M

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