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וַאֲבִימֶ֕לֶךְ לֹ֥א קָרַ֖ב אֵלֶ֑יהָ וַיֹּאמַ֕ר אֲדֹנָ֕י הֲג֥וֹי גַּם־צַדִּ֖יק תַּהֲרֹֽג׃ 5 הֲלֹ֨א ה֤וּא אָֽמַר־לִי֙ אֲחֹ֣תִי הִ֔וא וְהִֽיא־גַם־הִ֥וא אָֽמְרָ֖ה אָחִ֣י ה֑וּא בְּתָם־לְבָבִ֛י וּבְנִקְיֹ֥ן כַּפַּ֖י עָשִׂ֥יתִי זֹֽאת׃ 6 וַיֹּאמֶר֩ אֵלָ֨יו הָֽאֱלֹהִ֜ים בַּחֲלֹ֗ם גַּ֣ם אָנֹכִ֤י יָדַ֙עְתִּי֙ כִּ֤י בְתָם־לְבָבְךָ֙ עָשִׂ֣יתָ זֹּ֔את וָאֶחְשֹׂ֧ךְ גַּם־אָנֹכִ֛י אֽוֹתְךָ֖ מֵחֲטוֹ־לִ֑י עַל־כֵּ֥ן לֹא־נְתַתִּ֖יךָ לִנְגֹּ֥עַ אֵלֶֽיהָ׃ 7 וְעַתָּ֗ה הָשֵׁ֤ב אֵֽשֶׁת־הָאִישׁ֙ כִּֽי־נָבִ֣יא ה֔וּא וְיִתְפַּלֵּ֥ל בַּֽעַדְךָ֖ וֶֽחְיֵ֑ה וְאִם־אֵֽינְךָ֣ מֵשִׁ֗יב דַּ֚ע כִּי־מ֣וֹת תָּמ֔וּת אַתָּ֖ה וְכָל־אֲשֶׁר־לָֽךְ׃

Vocabulary

Verse 4

            אבימלך  name: “Abimelech”

            הרג  verb (Qal imperfect 2ms): “kill”

Verse 5

            תם  “integrity” (BDB, 1070)

            נקיון  “innocency” (BDB, 667)

            כף  noun: “hand”

Verse 6

            חלום  noun: “dream”

            תם  “integrity” (BDB, 1070)

            חשֹך  verb (Qal imperfect 1cs): “withhold” (BDB, 362)

            חטא  verb (Qal infinitive construct with מִן preposition): “sin”

            על־כן  “therefore”

            נגע  verb: “touch”

Verse 7

            פלל  verb (Hithpael waw-consecutive imperfect 3ms): “pray”

            בעד  preposition: “for, on behalf of”

Syntax & Misc.

Verse 4

• Sentence Typology 1 (וַאֲבִימֶ֕לֶךְ לֹ֥א קָרַ֖ב אֵלֶ֑יהָ): S-V-O
• The waw + nonverb construction marks a disjunctive.
• The Qal perfect verb functions as a pluperfect קָרַב “had come” (GKC 142a).
• Sentence Typology 2 (וַיֹּאמַ֕ר אֲדֹנָ֕י הֲג֥וֹי גַּם־צַדִּ֖יק תַּהֲרֹֽג): V-S-O
• The object is direct speech.
• Embedded Typology 1 (הֲג֥וֹי גַּם־צַדִּ֖יק תַּהֲרֹֽג): O-M-V
• The initial prefixed הֲ is an interrogative he.

Verse 5

• Sentence Typology 1 (הֲלֹ֨א ה֤וּא אָֽמַר־לִי֙ אֲחֹ֣תִי הִ֔וא): S-V-IO-O
• The initial prefixed הֲ is an interrogative he.
• The object is direct speech.
• Embedded Typology 1 (אֲחֹ֣תִי הִ֔וא): P-S
• The Kethib Qere perpetuum is read as הִיא (GKC 32l).
• Sentence Typology 2 (וְהִֽיא־גַם־הִ֥וא אָֽמְרָ֖ה אָחִ֣י ה֑וּא): S-V-O
• The closeness of הִיא and הִיא (cf. Genesis 38:25; Numbers 5:13, 14) should be noted (GKC 32l).
• The repetition is used as a reflexive—“herself.”
• This report of her speech was not relayed in the previous account.
• Embedded Typology 1 (אָחִ֣י ה֑וּא): P-S
• This phrase is distinguished consonantally from the last embedded clause only by the addition of a ת (אחתי vs. אחי), because of the plene spelling of אחות “sister.”
• Sentence Typology 3 (בְּתָם־לְבָבִ֛י וּבְנִקְיֹ֥ן כַּפַּ֖י עָשִׂ֥יתִי זֹֽאת): M-V-O
• The modifying phrase is compound.

Verse 6

• Sentence Typology 1 (וַיֹּאמֶר֩ אֵלָ֨יו הָֽאֱלֹהִ֜ים בַּחֲלֹ֗ם גַּ֣ם אָנֹכִ֤י יָדַ֙עְתִּי֙ כִּ֤י בְתָם־לְבָבְךָ֙ עָשִׂ֣יתָ זֹּ֔את וָאֶחְשֹׂ֧ךְ גַּם־אָנֹכִ֛י אֽוֹתְךָ֖ מֵחֲטוֹ־לִ֑י עַל־כֵּ֥ן לֹא־נְתַתִּ֖יךָ לִנְגֹּ֥עַ אֵלֶֽיהָ): V-IO-S-M-O
• The designation of הָֽאֱלֹהִ֜ים (not merely אלהים) is interesting as God is speaking to a foreigner.
• The prepositional phrase, בַּחֲלֹ֗ם, elicits the instrument through which God used to speak to Abimelech.
• The object is direct speech.
• Embedded Typology 1 (גַּ֣ם אָנֹכִ֤י יָדַ֙עְתִּי֙): M-S-V
• Embedded Typology 2 (כִּ֤י בְתָם־לְבָבְךָ֙ עָשִׂ֣יתָ זֹּ֔את): M-V-O
• Embedded Typology 3 (וָאֶחְשֹׂ֧ךְ גַּם־אָנֹכִ֛י אֽוֹתְךָ֖ מֵחֲטוֹ־לִ֑י): V-S-O-M
• The infinitive construct is functioning as a participle, “from sinning.”
• See GKC 75qq (note n) for an explanation of the final waw of the infinitive מחטו.
• The lamed preposition is adversative “against.”
• Embedded Typology 5 (עַל־כֵּ֥ן לֹא־נְתַתִּ֖יךָ לִנְגֹּ֥עַ אֵלֶֽיהָ): V-O-M
• נתן with an accusative of person means to permit or allow someone to do something (GKC 114m).
• The modifier is an infinitival clause.
• Embedded Typology 6 (לִנְגֹּ֥עַ אֵלֶֽיהָ): V-O

Verse 7

• Sentence Typology 1 (וְעַתָּ֗ה הָשֵׁ֤ב אֵֽשֶׁת־הָאִישׁ֙): V-O
• The verb השׁב is a Hiphil imperative from the root, שׁוב.
• Sentence Typology 2 (כִּֽי־נָבִ֣יא ה֔וּא): P-S
• This clause connects with the following clause to understand the כִּי.
• Sentence Typology 3 (וְיִתְפַּלֵּ֥ל בַּֽעַדְךָ֖): V-M
• Sentence Typology 4 (וֶֽחְיֵ֑ה): V
• For more on the form of חיה with prefixed syllables see GKC 63q.
• The function of the imperative, וֶֽחְיֵ֑ה, is describing certainty or intention (GKC 110i).
• Sentence Typology 5 (וְאִם־אֵֽינְךָ֣ מֵשִׁ֗יב): V-S
• The circumstantial clause begins with the particle אין functioning periphrastically with the Hiphil participle (GKC 159v).
• The 2ms suffix functions as the subject.
• Sentence Typology 6 (דַּ֚ע כִּי־מ֣וֹת תָּמ֔וּת אַתָּ֖ה וְכָל־אֲשֶׁר־לָֽךְ): V-O
• The apodosis is asyndetic (not marked by waw).
• The particle, כִּי, is functioning as a relative “that.”
• Sentence Typology 1 (כִּי־מ֣וֹת תָּמ֔וּת אַתָּ֖ה וְכָל־אֲשֶׁר־לָֽךְ): M-V-S
• The sequencing of an infinitive absolute and finite verb with the same root is used to heighten or emphasis the verbal idea—“surely you will die.”

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