May 31 2006
Genesis 19:9-11
וַיֹּאמְר֣וּ ׀ גֶּשׁ־הָ֗לְאָה וַיֹּֽאמְרוּ֙ הָאֶחָ֤ד בָּֽא־לָגוּר֙ וַיִּשְׁפֹּ֣ט שָׁפ֔וֹט עַתָּ֕ה נָרַ֥ע לְךָ֖ מֵהֶ֑ם וַיִּפְצְר֨וּ בָאִ֤ישׁ בְּלוֹט֙ מְאֹ֔ד וַֽיִּגְּשׁ֖וּ לִשְׁבֹּ֥ר הַדָּֽלֶת׃ 10 וַיִּשְׁלְח֤וּ הָֽאֲנָשִׁים֙ אֶת־יָדָ֔ם וַיָּבִ֧יאוּ אֶת־ל֛וֹט אֲלֵיהֶ֖ם הַבָּ֑יְתָה וְאֶת־הַדֶּ֖לֶת סָגָֽרוּ׃ 11 וְֽאֶת־הָאֲנָשִׁ֞ים אֲשֶׁר־פֶּ֣תַח הַבַּ֗יִת הִכּוּ֙ בַּסַּנְוֵרִ֔ים מִקָּטֹ֖ן וְעַד־גָּד֑וֹל וַיִּלְא֖וּ לִמְצֹ֥א הַפָּֽתַח׃
Vocabulary
Verse 9
נגשׁ verb (Qal imperative ms): “approach, come near”
הלאה “out there, onward” (BDB, 229)
פצר verb: “press” (BDB, 823)
שׁבר verb: “break, shatter”
דלת “door, gate”
Verse 10
סגר verb: “shut, close”
Verse 11
סנורים “sudden blindness” (BDB, 703)
לאה verb: “be weary” (BDB, 521)
Syntax & Misc.
Verse 9
- Sentence Typology 1 (וַיֹּאמְר֣וּ ׀ גֶּשׁ־הָ֗לְאָה): S-O
- The object clause is direct speech.
- Embedded Typology 1 (גֶּשׁ־הָ֗לְאָה):
- I-nun (R1 נ) verbs loose the first root radical in the imperative (called aphaeresis). According to Gesenius, the imperative is more commonly formed with a paragogic he, גְּשָׁה (66c).
- Sentence Typology 2 (וַיֹּֽאמְרוּ֙ הָאֶחָ֤ד בָּֽא־לָגוּר֙ וַיִּשְׁפֹּ֣ט שָׁפ֔וֹט עַתָּ֕ה נָרַ֥ע לְךָ֖ מֵהֶ֑ם): S-O
- The object clause is direct speech.
- Embedded Typology 1 (הָאֶחָ֤ד בָּֽא־לָגוּר֙): S-V
- A prefixed הָ ּ can mark the article or a demonstrative—“this.”
- Embedded Typology 2 (וַיִּשְׁפֹּ֣ט שָׁפ֔וֹט): V
- The infinitive absolute intensifies the waw-consecutive (GKC, 113r).
- The zaqeph marks the end of the clause.
- Embedded Typology 3 (עַתָּ֕ה נָרַ֥ע לְךָ֖ מֵהֶ֑ם): M-V-O
- The hireq of the מִן is lengthened to sere by compensatory lengthening.
- The comparative can be marked with a verbal followed by מִן.
- Sentence Typology 3 (וַיִּפְצְר֨וּ בָאִ֤ישׁ בְּלוֹט֙ מְאֹ֔ד): V-O-M
- The proper name, לוט, is appositional to אישׁ.
- Sentence Typology 4 (וַֽיִּגְּשׁ֖וּ לִשְׁבֹּ֥ר הַדָּֽלֶת): V-M
- The infinitive phrase is modifying the finite verb.
- Sentence Typology 1 (לִשְׁבֹּ֥ר הַדָּֽלֶת): V-O
- The word, דלת, plays a pivotal roll in this narrative occurring 18 times in chapter 19.
Verse 10
- Sentence Typology 1 (וַיִּשְׁלְח֤וּ הָֽאֲנָשִׁים֙ אֶת־יָדָ֔ם): V-S-O
- Sentence Typology 2 (וַיָּבִ֧יאוּ אֶת־ל֛וֹט אֲלֵיהֶ֖ם הַבָּ֑יְתָה): V-O-IO
- The suffix, qames he, on בית “house” is the directive he.
- Sentence Typology 3 (וְאֶת־הַדֶּ֖לֶת סָגָֽרוּ): O-V
Verse 11
- Sentence Typology 1 (וְֽאֶת־הָאֲנָשִׁ֞ים אֲשֶׁר־פֶּ֣תַח הַבַּ֗יִת הִכּוּ֙ בַּסַּנְוֵרִ֔ים מִקָּטֹ֖ן וְעַד־גָּד֑וֹל): O-V
- The word, הִכּוּ֙, comes from the Hiphil verbal root, נכה “smite.”
- The merismatic phrase, מִקָּטֹ֖ן וְעַד־גָּד֑וֹל, is similar to the one used in verse 4, מִנַּ֖עַר וְעַד־זָקֵ֑ן.
- Embedded Typoloy 1 (אֲשֶׁר־פֶּ֣תַח הַבַּ֗יִת): S-P
- This relative clause is also a verbless clause.
- Sentence Typology 2 (וַיִּלְא֖וּ לִמְצֹ֥א הַפָּֽתַח): V-M
- The infinitive phrase modifies the finite verb, לאה.
- Embedded Typology 1 (לִמְצֹ֥א הַפָּֽתַח): V-O
[...] 19:9-11 [...]