May 30 2006

Genesis 19:4-8

Published by Hardy at 3:57 am under Genesis, Grammar

טֶרֶם֮ יִשְׁכָּבוּ֒ וְאַנְשֵׁ֨י הָעִ֜יר אַנְשֵׁ֤י סְדֹם֙ נָסַ֣בּוּ עַל־הַבַּ֔יִת מִנַּ֖עַר וְעַד־זָקֵ֑ן כָּל־הָעָ֖ם מִקָּצֶֽה׃ 5 וַיִּקְרְא֤וּ אֶל־לוֹט֙ וַיֹּ֣אמְרוּ ל֔וֹ אַיֵּ֧ה הָאֲנָשִׁ֛ים אֲשֶׁר־בָּ֥אוּ אֵלֶ֖יךָ הַלָּ֑יְלָה הוֹצִיאֵ֣ם אֵלֵ֔ינוּ וְנֵדְעָ֖ה אֹתָֽם׃ 6 וַיֵּצֵ֧א אֲלֵהֶ֛ם ל֖וֹט הַפֶּ֑תְחָה וְהַדֶּ֖לֶת סָגַ֥ר אַחֲרָֽיו׃ 7 וַיֹּאמַ֑ר אַל־נָ֥א אַחַ֖י תָּרֵֽעוּ׃ 8 הִנֵּה־נָ֨א לִ֜י שְׁתֵּ֣י בָנ֗וֹת אֲשֶׁ֤ר לֹֽא־יָדְעוּ֙ אִ֔ישׁ אוֹצִֽיאָה־נָּ֤א אֶתְהֶן֙ אֲלֵיכֶ֔ם וַעֲשׂ֣וּ לָהֶ֔ן כַּטּ֖וֹב בְּעֵינֵיכֶ֑ם רַ֠ק לָֽאֲנָשִׁ֤ים הָאֵל֙ אַל־תַּעֲשׂ֣וּ דָבָ֔ר כִּֽי־עַל־כֵּ֥ן בָּ֖אוּ בְּצֵ֥ל קֹרָתִֽי׃

Vocabulary

Verse 4

            טרם  adverb: “not yet” (BDB, 382)

            שׁכב  verb: “lie down”

            סבב  verb (Niphal perfect 3mpl): “surround”

            קצה  “end, extremity”

Verse 5

            איה  “where?” (BDB, 32)

Verse 6

            פתח  “door, doorway, opening”

            דלת  “door, gate”

            סגר  verb: “shut, close”

Verse 7

            רעע  verb (Hiphil jussive 3mpl): “act wickedly, do evil”

Verse 8

            אל  “these” (BDB, 41)

            עַל־כֵּן  “therefore”

            צל  “protection, shadow”

            קורה  “roof” (BDB, 900)

Syntax & Misc.

Verse 4

  • Sentence Typology 1 (טֶרֶם֮ יִשְׁכָּבוּ֒): M-V
    • The adverb, טֶרֶם, is best understood temporally—“before” (cf. GKC 107c).
  • Sentence Typology 2 (וְאַנְשֵׁ֨י הָעִ֜יר אַנְשֵׁ֤י סְדֹם֙ נָסַ֣בּוּ עַל־הַבַּ֔יִת מִנַּ֖עַר וְעַד־זָקֵ֑ן כָּל־הָעָ֖ם מִקָּצֶֽה): S-V-O
    • The initial waw continues the temporal idea “when” from the previous clause.
    • The construct phrase, אַנְשֵׁ֨י הָעִ֜יר, is appositional to אַנְשֵׁ֤י סְדֹם֙.
    • The sequencing of וְ … מִן is merismatic, “from young to old.”
    • The last phrase further explains that everyone was there through apposition, כָּל־הָעָ֖ם מִקָּצֶֽה “all the people from the ends [of the city].”

Verse 5

  • Sentence Typology 1 (וַיִּקְרְא֤וּ אֶל־לוֹט֙): V-IO-[O]
  • Sentence Typology 2 (וַיֹּ֣אמְרוּ ל֔וֹ אַיֵּ֧ה הָאֲנָשִׁ֛ים אֲשֶׁר־בָּ֥אוּ אֵלֶ֖יךָ הַלָּ֑יְלָה הוֹצִיאֵ֣ם אֵלֵ֔ינוּ וְנֵדְעָ֖ה אֹתָֽם): V-IO-O
    • The object is the quotation.
  • Embedded Typology 1 (אַיֵּ֧ה הָאֲנָשִׁ֛ים אֲשֶׁר־בָּ֥אוּ אֵלֶ֖יךָ הַלָּ֑יְלָה): S-P
    • This verbless clause begins with an interrogative (i.e. question, where?).
  • Embedded Typology 2 (בָּ֥אוּ אֵלֶ֖יךָ הַלָּ֑יְלָ): V-O-M
    • The verb, בוא, can mean, “going away from,” or in this case, “coming.”
    • The adverbial modifier, הַלָּ֑יְלָ, with the definite article means “tonight.”
  • Sentence Typology 1 (הוֹצִיאֵ֣ם אֵלֵ֔ינוּ): V-O-IO
    • יצא in the Hiphil, imperative form is “Bring.”
  • Embeded Typology 4 (וְנֵדְעָ֖ה אֹתָֽם): V-O
    • The verb, ידע, connotes “sexual relations” as in Genesis 4:1.

Verse 6

  • Sentence Typology 1 (וַיֵּצֵ֧א אֲלֵהֶ֛ם ל֖וֹט הַפֶּ֑תְחָה): V-O-S-M
    • The final word is used adverbially with a directive he suffix, “at the door.”
  • Sentence Typology 2 (וְהַדֶּ֖לֶת סָגַ֥ר אַחֲרָֽיו): O-V-M

Verse 7

  • Sentence Typology 1 (וַיֹּאמַ֑ר אַל־נָ֥א אַחַ֖י תָּרֵֽעוּ): V-O
    • The object clause is direct speech.
  • Sentence Typology 1 (אַל־נָ֥א אַחַ֖י תָּרֵֽעוּ):
    • The negation, אַל, is used with a jussive (modal) form.
    • The first person singular suffix attached to a plural noun is patah yod, אַחַי “my brothers.”

Verse 8

  • Sentence Typology 1 (הִנֵּה־נָ֨א לִ֜י שְׁתֵּ֣י בָנ֗וֹת אֲשֶׁ֤ר לֹֽא־יָדְעוּ֙ אִ֔ישׁ): S-P
    • This verse continues the quotation begun in verse seven.
    • In English, one might render “there are to me two daughters” as “I have two daughters.”
  • Embedded Typology 1 (אֲשֶׁ֤ר לֹֽא־יָדְעוּ֙ אִ֔ישׁ): V-O
    • The relative particle, אשׁר, refers to the “two daughters.”
  • Sentence Typology 2 (אוֹצִֽיאָה־נָּ֤א אֶתְהֶן֙ אֲלֵיכֶ֔ם): V-O-IO
    • The word, אתהן, is the 3fs pronominal suffix attached to the direct object marker, אֵת.
  • Sentence Typology 1 (וַעֲשׂ֣וּ לָהֶ֔ן כַּטּ֖וֹב בְּעֵינֵיכֶ֑ם): V-O-M
    • The word, להן, is the 3fs pronominal suffix attached to the lamed preposition.
  • Sentence Typology 3 (רַ֠ק לָֽאֲנָשִׁ֤ים הָאֵל֙ אַל־תַּעֲשׂ֣וּ דָבָ֔ר): M-IO-V-O
    • The phrase begins with an adverbial restriction, רַק  “only, lest.”
    • The adjective follows the noun agreeing in gender, number and definiteness, לָֽאֲנָשִׁ֤ים הָאֵל֙, is “these men.”
    • The word, דָּבָר, can mean word, matter or deed.
  • Sentence Typology 4 (כִּֽי־עַל־כֵּ֥ן בָּ֖אוּ בְּצֵ֥ל קֹרָתִֽי): V

·        The pronominal suffix on the final word is1cs.

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