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וַ֠יָּבֹאוּ שְׁנֵ֨י הַמַּלְאָכִ֤ים סְדֹ֙מָה֙ בָּעֶ֔רֶב וְל֖וֹט יֹשֵׁ֣ב בְּשַֽׁעַר־סְדֹ֑ם וַיַּרְא־לוֹט֙ וַיָּ֣קָם לִקְרָאתָ֔ם וַיִּשְׁתַּ֥חוּ אַפַּ֖יִם אָֽרְצָה׃ 2 וַיֹּ֜אמֶר הִנֶּ֣ה נָּא־אֲדֹנַ֗י ס֣וּרוּ נָ֠א אֶל־בֵּ֨ית עַבְדְּכֶ֤ם וְלִ֙ינוּ֙ וְרַחֲצ֣וּ רַגְלֵיכֶ֔ם וְהִשְׁכַּמְתֶּ֖ם וַהֲלַכְתֶּ֣ם לְדַרְכְּכֶ֑ם וַיֹּאמְר֣וּ לֹּ֔א כִּ֥י בָרְח֖וֹב נָלִֽין׃ 3 וַיִּפְצַר־בָּ֣ם מְאֹ֔ד וַיָּסֻ֣רוּ אֵלָ֔יו וַיָּבֹ֖אוּ אֶל־בֵּית֑וֹ וַיַּ֤עַשׂ לָהֶם֙ מִשְׁתֶּ֔ה וּמַצּ֥וֹת אָפָ֖ה וַיֹּאכֵֽלוּ׃

Vocabulary

Verse 1

            סדם  name: “Sodom”

            ערב  “evening”

            השׁתחוה  verb (waw-consecutive imperfect 3ms): “bow oneself down, worship”

Verse 2

            סור = שור verb (Qal imperative mpl): “turn aside”

            לון  verb (Qal imperative mpl): “lodge, spend the night”

            רחץ  verb (Qal imperative mpl): “wash, bathe”

            שׁכם  verb (Hiphil waw-consecutive perfect 2mpl): “rise early”

            רחוב  “plaza, open place” (BDB, 932)

Verse 3

            פצר  verb: “urge” (BDB, 823)

            משׁתה  “meal, drink, feast” (BDB, 1059)

            מצה  “unleavened bread”

            אפה  verb: “bake” (BDB, 66)

Syntax & Misc.

Verse 1

• Sentence Typology 1 (וַ֠יָּבֹאוּ שְׁנֵ֨י הַמַּלְאָכִ֤ים סְדֹ֙מָה֙ בָּעֶ֔רֶב): V-S
• The suffixed ה on the proper name, סְדֹ֙מָה֙, is the directive he.
• Sentence Typology 2 (וְל֖וֹט יֹשֵׁ֣ב בְּשַֽׁעַר־סְדֹ֑ם): S-V
• The waw disjunctive, וְל֖וֹט, marks this clause as a parenthetical or background remark (cf. GKC 141e).
• The verb is a periphrastic construction without an explicit היה.
• Sentence Typology 3 (וַיַּרְא־לוֹט֙): V-S
• The sequencing of waw + verb continues the narrative from the first clause.
• Sentence Typology 4 (וַיָּ֣קָם לִקְרָאתָ֔ם): V-M
• The subject, לוט, is continued from the last clause.
• The 3mpl suffix refers to the מלאכים.
• Sentence Typology 5 (וַיִּשְׁתַּ֥חוּ אַפַּ֖יִם אָֽרְצָה): V-M
• The adverbial modifier, אַפַּ֖יִם, may be rendered “with face (nostrils).”
• The suffixed ה on  is the directive he—“to the ground.”

Verse 2

• Sentence Typology 1 (וַיֹּ֜אמֶר הִנֶּ֣ה נָּא־אֲדֹנַ֗י ס֣וּרוּ נָ֠א אֶל־בֵּ֨ית עַבְדְּכֶ֤ם וְלִ֙ינוּ֙ וְרַחֲצ֣וּ רַגְלֵיכֶ֔ם וְהִשְׁכַּמְתֶּ֖ם וַהֲלַכְתֶּ֣ם לְדַרְכְּכֶ֑ם): V-O
• The object clause is the direct speech.
• Embedded Typology 1 (הִנֶּ֣ה נָּא־אֲדֹנַ֗י ס֣וּרוּ נָ֠א אֶל־בֵּ֨ית עַבְדְּכֶ֤ם): V-O
• Notice the deep rhetorical plea: נָ֠א … הִנֶּ֣ה נָּא (GKC 100 o).
• The first נָּא is connected to the preceding word with a conjunctive dagesh (GKC 20d).
• The suffix of אדון is 1cpl, אֲדֹנַי “my lords,” and not אֲדֹנָי “Lord.”
• Embedded Typology 2 (וְלִ֙ינוּ֙): V
• Embedded Typology 3 (וְרַחֲצ֣וּ רַגְלֵיכֶ֔ם): V-O
• Embedded Typology 4 (וְהִשְׁכַּמְתֶּ֖ם): V
• Embedded Typology 4 (וַהֲלַכְתֶּ֣ם לְדַרְכְּכֶ֑ם): V-M
• Sentence Typology 2 (וַיֹּאמְר֣וּ לֹּ֔א כִּ֥י בָרְח֖וֹב נָלִֽין): V-O
• The object clause is a quotation.
• Embedded Typology 1 (לֹּ֔א כִּ֥י בָרְח֖וֹב נָלִֽין):
• The negative stands on its own (GKC 150n) or as an absolute negative (GKC 152c) with the adversative explanation following כִּי (GKC 163a).

Verse 3

• Sentence Typology 1 (וַיִּפְצַר־בָּ֣ם מְאֹ֔ד): V-O-M
• The object is marked by beth preposition.
• Sentence Typology 2 (וַיָּסֻ֣רוּ אֵלָ֔יו): V-O
• Sentence Typology 3 (וַיָּבֹ֖אוּ אֶל־בֵּית֑וֹ): V-O
• Sentence Typology 4 (וַיַּ֤עַשׂ לָהֶם֙ מִשְׁתֶּ֔ה): V-IO-O
• Sentence Typology 5 (וּמַצּ֥וֹת אָפָ֖ה): O-V
• Sentence Typology 6 (וַיֹּאכֵֽלוּ): V

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