Apr 24 2006

Joshua 6:6-11

Published by Hardy at 6:56 am under Grammar, Joshua

 וַיִּקְרָ֞א יְהוֹשֻׁ֤עַ בִּן־נוּן֙ אֶל־הַכֹּ֣הֲנִ֔ים וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֲלֵהֶ֔ם שְׂא֖וּ אֶת־אֲר֣וֹן הַבְּרִ֑ית וְשִׁבְעָ֣ה כֹֽהֲנִ֗ים יִשְׂאוּ֙ שִׁבְעָ֤ה שֽׁוֹפְרוֹת֙ יוֹבְלִ֔ים לִפְנֵ֖י אֲר֥וֹן יְהוָֽה׃ [וַיֹּאמְרוּ] אֶל־הָעָ֔ם עִבְר֖וּ וְסֹ֣בּוּ אֶת־הָעִ֑יר וְהֶ֣חָל֔וּץ יַעֲבֹ֕ר לִפְנֵ֖י אֲר֥וֹן יְהוָֽה׃ וַיְהִ֗י כֶּאֱמֹ֣ר יְהוֹשֻׁעַ֮ אֶל־הָעָם֒ וְשִׁבְעָ֣ה הַכֹּהֲנִ֡ים נֹשְׂאִים֩ שִׁבְעָ֨ה שׁוֹפְר֤וֹת הַיּֽוֹבְלִים֙ לִפְנֵ֣י יְהוָ֔ה עָבְר֕וּ וְתָקְע֖וּ בַּשּֽׁוֹפָר֑וֹת וַֽאֲרוֹן֙ בְּרִ֣ית יְהוָ֔ה הֹלֵ֖ךְ אַחֲרֵיהֶֽם׃ וְהֶחָל֣וּץ הֹלֵ֔ךְ לִפְנֵי֙ הַכֹּ֣הֲנִ֔ים [תָּקְעוּ] הַשּֽׁוֹפָר֑וֹת וְהַֽמְאַסֵּ֗ף הֹלֵךְ֙ אַחֲרֵ֣י הָאָר֔וֹן הָל֖וֹךְ וְתָק֥וֹעַ בַּשּׁוֹפָרֽוֹת׃ 10 וְאֶת־הָעָם֩ צִוָּ֨ה יְהוֹשֻׁ֜עַ לֵאמֹ֗ר לֹ֤א תָרִ֙יעוּ֙ וְלֹֽא־תַשְׁמִ֣יעוּ אֶת־קוֹלְכֶ֔ם וְלֹא־יֵצֵ֥א מִפִּיכֶ֖ם דָּבָ֑ר עַ֠ד י֣וֹם אָמְרִ֧י אֲלֵיכֶ֛ם הָרִ֖יעוּ וַהֲרִיעֹתֶֽם׃ 11 וַיַּסֵּ֤ב אֲרוֹן־יְהוָה֙ אֶת־הָעִ֔יר הַקֵּ֖ף פַּ֣עַם אֶחָ֑ת וַיָּבֹ֙אוּ֙ הַֽמַּחֲנֶ֔ה וַיָּלִ֖ינוּ בַּֽמַּחֲנֶֽה׃ פ

Vocabulary

Verse 6

            נון  name: “Nun (Joshua’s father)”

            שׁופר  “horn”

            יובל  noun: “ram” (BDB, 385)

Syntax & Miscellaneous

  • First nun imperatives in the Qal stem lose the first root radical, שְׂא֖וּ (root: נשֹא).
  • Parenthetically, the narrative inserts the clause: וְשִׁבְעָ֣ה כֹֽהֲנִ֗ים יִשְׂאוּ֙ שִׁבְעָ֤ה שֽׁוֹפְרוֹת֙ יוֹבְלִ֔ים לִפְנֵ֖י אֲר֥וֹן יְהוָֽה.

Vocabulary

Verse 7

            חלוץ  noun: “warrior” (BDB, 323)

            סבב  verb (Qal imperative mp): “go around, surround”

Verse 8

            שׁופר  “horn”

            יובל  noun: “ram” (BDB, 385)

            תקע  verb: “blow, give a blast”

Verse 9

            חלוץ  noun: “warrior” (BDB, 323)

            מְאַסֵּ֗ף  verb (Piel participle ms): “rear guard”

Verse 10

            רוע  verb (Hiphil imperfect 2mpl): “shout a war cry” (BDB, 929)

Verse 11

            נקף  verb: “go around” (BDB, 668)

            לון  verb (Hiphil waw-consecutive imperfect 3mpl): “spend the night, lodge”

Syntax & Misc.

Verse 7

  • Qere: וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙.  The Kethib says that they (priests) said; the Qere continues with Joshua as the subject (“He said”).

Verse 8

  • The phrase, ַאֲרוֹן֙ בְּרִ֣ית יְהוָ֔ה, is a three-member construct phrase.
  • The obedience of the people to God’s command is authenticated by the near exact repetition of verse four.

Verse 9

  • Qere: תֹּקְעֵ֖י.  The Kethib is a finite verb; the Qere is a participle form in construct.
  • The participle מְאַסֵּ֗ף is a substantive.
  • The infinitive absolute can function as an adverb meaning “continually” (GKC 113u).

Verse 10

  • The direct object of the first clause is fronted.  This sequence places the verb in the non-initial position functioning as an adversative “but.”
  • The Hiphil of שׁמע is causative: “Do not let (your voice) be heard.”

Verse 11

  • The asyndetic clause, הַקֵּ֖ף פַּ֣עַם אֶחָ֑ת, functions to explain the previous statement (epexegesis).
  • The idiom, פַּ֣עַם אֶחָ֑ת, means “one time (occurrence).”

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Apr 24 2006

Joshua 6:6-11

Published by Hardy at 6:56 am under Grammar, Joshua

 וַיִּקְרָ֞א יְהוֹשֻׁ֤עַ בִּן־נוּן֙ אֶל־הַכֹּ֣הֲנִ֔ים וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֲלֵהֶ֔ם שְׂא֖וּ אֶת־אֲר֣וֹן הַבְּרִ֑ית וְשִׁבְעָ֣ה כֹֽהֲנִ֗ים יִשְׂאוּ֙ שִׁבְעָ֤ה שֽׁוֹפְרוֹת֙ יוֹבְלִ֔ים לִפְנֵ֖י אֲר֥וֹן יְהוָֽה׃ [וַיֹּאמְרוּ] אֶל־הָעָ֔ם עִבְר֖וּ וְסֹ֣בּוּ אֶת־הָעִ֑יר וְהֶ֣חָל֔וּץ יַעֲבֹ֕ר לִפְנֵ֖י אֲר֥וֹן יְהוָֽה׃ וַיְהִ֗י כֶּאֱמֹ֣ר יְהוֹשֻׁעַ֮ אֶל־הָעָם֒ וְשִׁבְעָ֣ה הַכֹּהֲנִ֡ים נֹשְׂאִים֩ שִׁבְעָ֨ה שׁוֹפְר֤וֹת הַיּֽוֹבְלִים֙ לִפְנֵ֣י יְהוָ֔ה עָבְר֕וּ וְתָקְע֖וּ בַּשּֽׁוֹפָר֑וֹת וַֽאֲרוֹן֙ בְּרִ֣ית יְהוָ֔ה הֹלֵ֖ךְ אַחֲרֵיהֶֽם׃ וְהֶחָל֣וּץ הֹלֵ֔ךְ לִפְנֵי֙ הַכֹּ֣הֲנִ֔ים [תָּקְעוּ] הַשּֽׁוֹפָר֑וֹת וְהַֽמְאַסֵּ֗ף הֹלֵךְ֙ אַחֲרֵ֣י הָאָר֔וֹן הָל֖וֹךְ וְתָק֥וֹעַ בַּשּׁוֹפָרֽוֹת׃ 10 וְאֶת־הָעָם֩ צִוָּ֨ה יְהוֹשֻׁ֜עַ לֵאמֹ֗ר לֹ֤א תָרִ֙יעוּ֙ וְלֹֽא־תַשְׁמִ֣יעוּ אֶת־קוֹלְכֶ֔ם וְלֹא־יֵצֵ֥א מִפִּיכֶ֖ם דָּבָ֑ר עַ֠ד י֣וֹם אָמְרִ֧י אֲלֵיכֶ֛ם הָרִ֖יעוּ וַהֲרִיעֹתֶֽם׃ 11 וַיַּסֵּ֤ב אֲרוֹן־יְהוָה֙ אֶת־הָעִ֔יר הַקֵּ֖ף פַּ֣עַם אֶחָ֑ת וַיָּבֹ֙אוּ֙ הַֽמַּחֲנֶ֔ה וַיָּלִ֖ינוּ בַּֽמַּחֲנֶֽה׃ פ

Vocabulary

Verse 6

            נון  name: “Nun (Joshua’s father)”

            שׁופר  “horn”

            יובל  noun: “ram” (BDB, 385)

Syntax & Miscellaneous

  • First nun imperatives in the Qal stem lose the first root radical, שְׂא֖וּ (root: נשֹא).
  • Parenthetically, the narrative inserts the clause: וְשִׁבְעָ֣ה כֹֽהֲנִ֗ים יִשְׂאוּ֙ שִׁבְעָ֤ה שֽׁוֹפְרוֹת֙ יוֹבְלִ֔ים לִפְנֵ֖י אֲר֥וֹן יְהוָֽה.

Vocabulary

Verse 7

            חלוץ  noun: “warrior” (BDB, 323)

            סבב  verb (Qal imperative mp): “go around, surround”

Verse 8

            שׁופר  “horn”

            יובל  noun: “ram” (BDB, 385)

            תקע  verb: “blow, give a blast”

Verse 9

            חלוץ  noun: “warrior” (BDB, 323)

            מְאַסֵּ֗ף  verb (Piel participle ms): “rear guard”

Verse 10

            רוע  verb (Hiphil imperfect 2mpl): “shout a war cry” (BDB, 929)

Verse 11

            נקף  verb: “go around” (BDB, 668)

            לון  verb (Hiphil waw-consecutive imperfect 3mpl): “spend the night, lodge”

Syntax & Misc.

Verse 7

  • Qere: וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙.  The Kethib says that they (priests) said; the Qere continues with Joshua as the subject (“He said”).

Verse 8

  • The phrase, ַאֲרוֹן֙ בְּרִ֣ית יְהוָ֔ה, is a three-member construct phrase.
  • The obedience of the people to God’s command is authenticated by the near exact repetition of verse four.

Verse 9

  • Qere: תֹּקְעֵ֖י.  The Kethib is a finite verb; the Qere is a participle form in construct.
  • The participle מְאַסֵּ֗ף is a substantive.
  • The infinitive absolute can function as an adverb meaning “continually” (GKC 113u).

Verse 10

  • The direct object of the first clause is fronted.  This sequence places the verb in the non-initial position functioning as an adversative “but.”
  • The Hiphil of שׁמע is causative: “Do not let (your voice) be heard.”

Verse 11

  • The asyndetic clause, הַקֵּ֖ף פַּ֣עַם אֶחָ֑ת, functions to explain the previous statement (epexegesis).
  • The idiom, פַּ֣עַם אֶחָ֑ת, means “one time (occurrence).”

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