Nov 23 2005

1 Samuel 1:20-25

Published by Hardy at 8:48 am under Grammar,Samuel

וַיְהִי֙ לִתְקֻפֹ֣ות הַיָּמִ֔ים וַתַּ֥הַר חַנָּ֖ה וַתֵּ֣לֶד בֵּ֑ן וַתִּקְרָ֤א אֶת־שְׁמֹו֙ שְׁמוּאֵ֔ל כִּ֥י מֵיְהוָ֖ה שְׁאִלְתִּֽיו׃ 21 וַיַּ֛עַל הָאִ֥ישׁ אֶלְקָנָ֖ה וְכָל־בֵּיתֹ֑ו לִזְבֹּ֧חַ לַֽיהוָ֛ה אֶת־זֶ֥בַח הַיָּמִ֖ים וְאֶת־נִדְרֹֽו׃ 22 וְחַנָּ֖ה לֹ֣א עָלָ֑תָה כִּֽי־אָמְרָ֣ה לְאִישָׁ֗הּ עַ֣ד יִגָּמֵ֤ל הַנַּ֙עַר֙ וַהֲבִאֹתִ֗יו וְנִרְאָה֙ אֶת־פְּנֵ֣י יְהוָ֔ה וְיָ֥שַׁב שָׁ֖ם עַד־עֹולָֽם׃ 23 וַיֹּ֣אמֶר לָהּ֩ אֶלְקָנָ֨ה אִישָׁ֜הּ עֲשִׂ֧י הַטֹּ֣וב בְּעֵינַ֗יִךְ שְׁבִי֙ עַד־גָּמְלֵ֣ךְ אֹתֹ֔ו אַ֛ךְ יָקֵ֥ם יְהוָ֖ה אֶת־דְּבָרֹ֑ו וַתֵּ֤שֶׁב הָֽאִשָּׁה֙ וַתֵּ֣ינֶק אֶת־בְּנָ֔הּ עַד־גָמְלָ֖הּ אֹתֹֽו׃ 24 וַתַּעֲלֵ֨הוּ עִמָּ֜הּ כַּאֲשֶׁ֣ר גְּמָלַ֗תּוּ בְּפָרִ֤ים שְׁלֹשָׁה֙ וְאֵיפָ֨ה אַחַ֥ת קֶ֙מַח֙ וְנֵ֣בֶל יַ֔יִן וַתְּבִאֵ֥הוּ בֵית־יְהוָ֖ה שִׁלֹ֑ו וְהַנַּ֖עַר נָֽעַר׃ 25 וַֽיִּשְׁחֲט֖וּ אֶת־הַפָּ֑ר וַיָּבִ֥יאוּ אֶת־הַנַּ֖עַר אֶל־עֵלִֽי׃

Vocabulary

Verse 20

תקפות  noun: “circuit” (BDB, 880)

הרה  verb: “conceive” (BDB, 247)

שׁמואל  name: “Samuel”

שׁאל  verb: “ask, inquire”

Verse 21

אלקנה  name: “Elkanah”

נדר  noun: “vow”

Syntax & Miscellaneous

  • The compound noun phrase, אֶלְקָנָ֖ה וְכָל־בֵּיתֹ֑ו, is in apposition to the subject of the first clause הָאִ֥ישׁ.
  • The noun phrase, זֶ֥בַח הַיָּמִ֖ים, refers to a regular sacrifice (most likely the yearly sacrifice).  The second noun is functioning as an adverbial idiom (“daily” = “regular”).

Vocabulary

Verse 22

גמל  verb (Niphal imperfect 3ms):  “be weaned”

בא  verb (Hiphil waw-consecutive perfect 1cs with 3ms suffix): “cause to go, bring”

Verse 23

שׁבי  verb: “stay, remain”

גמל  verb:  “wean (a baby/child)”

אך  “only”

יָקֵם  verb (Hiphil jussive 3ms): “carry out”

הינק  verb (Hiphil): “nurse” (BDB, 413)

Verse 24

פר  noun: “bull”

קמח  איפה  noun: “ephah (of flour)” (BDB, 35)

יין  נבל  noun: “skin (of wine)”

שׁלו  name (of place): “Shiloh”

Verse 25

שׁחט  verb: “sacrifice”

עלי  name: “Eli”

Syntax & Misc.

Verse 22

  • The disjunctive waw (waw + non-verb) indicates a parenthetical, or background, remark.

Verse 23

  • The repetition of אֶלְקָנָ֨ה אִישָׁ֜הּ “Elkanah, her husband” is notable.  Not only this, but he is subordinated to the final position in the first clause (V-O-S).  One would expect  וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֶלְקָנָה לָהּand not the present order.

Verse 24

  • The last two words of verse 24, וְהַנַּ֖עַר נָֽעַר, form a verbless clause.  The subject is marked by the article.  This example has the typology S-P.

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