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לֹֽא־יִתְיַצֵּ֥ב אִישׁ֙ לְפָנֶ֔יךָ כֹּ֖ל יְמֵ֣י חַיֶּ֑יךָ כַּֽאֲשֶׁ֨ר הָיִ֤יתִי עִם־מֹשֶׁה֙ אֶהְיֶ֣ה עִמָּ֔ךְ לֹ֥א אַרְפְּךָ֖ וְלֹ֥א אֶעֶזְבֶֽךָּ׃ 6 חֲזַ֖ק וֶאֱמָ֑ץ כִּ֣י אַתָּ֗ה תַּנְחִיל֙ אֶת־הָעָ֣ם הַזֶּ֔ה אֶת־הָאָ֕רֶץ אֲשֶׁר־נִשְׁבַּ֥עְתִּי לַאֲבוֹתָ֖ם לָתֵ֥ת לָהֶֽם׃ 7 רַק֩ חֲזַ֨ק וֶֽאֱמַ֜ץ מְאֹ֗ד לִשְׁמֹ֤ר לַעֲשׂוֹת֙ כְּכָל־הַתּוֹרָ֗ה אֲשֶׁ֤ר צִוְּךָ֙ מֹשֶׁ֣ה עַבְדִּ֔י אַל־תָּס֥וּר מִמֶּ֖נּוּ יָמִ֣ין וּשְׂמֹ֑אול לְמַ֣עַן תַּשְׂכִּ֔יל בְּכֹ֖ל אֲשֶׁ֥ר תֵּלֵֽךְ׃ 8 לֹֽא־יָמ֡וּשׁ סֵפֶר֩ הַתּוֹרָ֨ה הַזֶּ֜ה מִפִּ֗יךָ וְהָגִ֤יתָ בּוֹ֙ יוֹמָ֣ם וָלַ֔יְלָה לְמַ֙עַן֙ תִּשְׁמֹ֣ר לַעֲשׂ֔וֹת כְּכָל־הַכָּת֖וּב בּ֑וֹ כִּי־אָ֛ז תַּצְלִ֥יחַ אֶת־דְּרָכֶ֖ךָ וְאָ֥ז תַּשְׂכִּֽיל׃ 9 הֲל֤וֹא צִוִּיתִ֙יךָ֙ חֲזַ֣ק וֶאֱמָ֔ץ אַֽל־תַּעֲרֹ֖ץ וְאַל־תֵּחָ֑ת כִּ֤י עִמְּךָ֙ יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֶ֔יךָ בְּכֹ֖ל אֲשֶׁ֥ר תֵּלֵֽךְ׃ פ

Vocabulary

Verse  5

יתיצב  verb (Hithpael imperfect 3ms): “take one’s stand” (BDB, 426)

חי  noun: “life”

רפה  verb (Hiphil imperfect 1cs | 2ms suffix): “abandon” (BDB, 951)

עזב   verb (Qal imperfect 1cs | 2ms suffix): “forsake” 

Syntax & Miscellaneous

• The prepositional phrase, לְפָנֶ֔יךָ, is used idiomatically to mean “against/before you.”  The noun, פנים, does not indicate a face, but can be used for presence or the entire person as in this verse.
• The relative clause, הָיִ֤יתִי עִם־מֹשֶׁה֙ אֶהְיֶ֣ה עִמָּ֔ךְ, demonstrates the temporal (tense) difference between the perfect and imperfect.  The same construction and verb is used with different aspect/tense verbal forms.  It juxtaposes the perfect (past), “as I was with Moses,” with the imperfect (non-past), “I will be with you.” 

Vocabulary

Verse 6

אמץ  verb (Qal imperative ms): “be bold, courageous” (BDB, 54)

נחיל  verb (Hiphil): “possess (land)”

שׁבע  verb: “swore”

לָתֵ֥ת  verb (Qal infinitive construct of נתן): “give”

Verse 7

רק adverb: “only”

שׁמר  verb: “guard, be careful”

צוה  verb: “command”

סור  verb (Qal jussive 3ms): “turn”

ימין  “right”

שׂמאול  “left”

למען  “so that”

שׂכל  verb (Hiphil imperfect 2ms): “have success”

Verse 8

מוש  verb (Qal imperfect): “depart” (BDB, 559)

הגה verb: “mediate” (BDB, 211)

יומם adverb: “daily, day-by-day”

אז “then”

צלח  verb (Hiphil): “make prosperous”

Verse 9

ערץ  verb: “tremble” (BDB, 792)

תחת  verb: “dismayed” 

Syntax & Misc.

Verse 6

• Sometimes a Hiphil (causative) verbal stem takes two objects with the direct object marker: “He will make/cause object 1 to do object 2.”  In verse 6, “You will make this people possess the land.”

Verse 7

• The negation, אַל, is used only with modals (i.e. jussives).  For those who know Greek it is similar to the constructions with μη; whereas, לֹֽא corresponds to ουκ.

Verse 8

• Intertexuality is the study of semantically similar verses in the Bible.  Most people think of this principle as relating to the use of the OT in the NT; however, there are many similar verses within the Hebrew Bible.  Consider the relation of Joshua 1:8 to Psalm 1:2, וּֽבְתֹורָתֹ֥ו יֶהְגֶּ֗ה יֹומָ֥ם וָלָֽיְלָה .

Verse 9

• The he attached to the negation at the beginning of the sentence is the he interrogative.  It marks a question in the first clause.
• The final clause is a verbless clause.

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וַיֹּ֤אמֶר יְהוָה֙ אֶל־אַבְרָ֔ם לֶךְ־לְךָ֛ מֵאַרְצְךָ֥ וּמִמּֽוֹלַדְתְּךָ֖ וּמִבֵּ֣ית אָבִ֑יךָ אֶל־הָאָ֖רֶץ אֲשֶׁ֥ר אַרְאֶֽךָּ׃ 2 וְאֶֽעֶשְׂךָ֙ לְג֣וֹי גָּד֔וֹל וַאֲבָ֣רֶכְךָ֔ וַאֲגַדְּלָ֖ה שְׁמֶ֑ךָ וֶהְיֵ֖ה בְּרָכָֽה׃ 3 וַאֲבָֽרֲכָה֙ מְבָ֣רְכֶ֔יךָ וּמְקַלֶּלְךָ֖ אָאֹ֑ר וְנִבְרְכ֣וּ בְךָ֔ כֹּ֖ל מִשְׁפְּחֹ֥ת הָאֲדָמָֽה׃

Vocabulary

Verse 1

            יהוה  divine name: “YHWH”

אברם  name: “Abram”

מולדת  noun: “kindred” (BDB 409)

Verse 2

            גוי  noun: “people”

            ברך  verb: “bless”

            גדל  verb (Piel waw-consecutive cohortative 1cs): “make great” (BDB 152)

            ברכה noun: “blessing”

Verse 3

            ארר  verb: “curse” (BDB 76)

            קלל  verb (Piel participle ms w/ 2ms suffix): “curse” (BDB 886)

            משׁפחה  noun: “family, kin-group”

Syntax & Miscellaneous

• Sentence Typology 1 (וַיֹּ֤אמֶר יְהוָה֙ אֶל־אַבְרָ֔ם לֶךְ־לְךָ֛ מֵאַרְצְךָ֥ וּמִמֹּֽולַדְתְּךָ֖ וּמִבֵּ֣ית אָבִ֑יךָ אֶל־הָאָ֖רֶץ אֲשֶׁ֥ר אַרְאֶֽךָּ): V-S-IO-O
• The waw-consecutive continues the narrative sequence from the previous section.
• The object of the clause is a quotation containing an embedded clause.  Direct quotes in BH are marked by asyndeton.
• Embedded Typology A (לֶךְ־לְךָ֛ מֵאַרְצְךָ֥ וּמִמֹּֽולַדְתְּךָ֖ וּמִבֵּ֣ית אָבִ֑יךָ אֶל־הָאָ֖רֶץ אֲשֶׁ֥ר אַרְאֶֽךָּ): V-O
• The imperative verb form לֶךְ of הָלַךְ is easily confused with לְךָ֛, the inseparable preposition with the 2ms pronominal suffix, that follows.
• The preposition מִן has different effects when combined with ארץ (nun assimilates and aleph cannot be doubled thus hireq lengths to sere), מולדת (nun assimilates causing the mem to be doubled) and בית (nun assimilates with doubling of beth).
• Embedded Typology i (אַרְאֶֽךָּ):: V-O
• Third he (R3 ה) verbs loose their final he with the addition of suffixes, thus ראה becomes אַרְאֶךָּ.
• The object, ארץ, is replaced by the relative particle אשׁר.

Verse 2

• Sentence Typology 1 (וְאֶֽעֶשְׂךָ֙ לְגֹ֣וי גָּדֹ֔ול): V-IO-O
• Some have attempted to bifurcate the semantic domains of the words גּוֹי and עָם into absolute categories.  Although there is some divergence in usage, their semantic domains of each overlap substantially.  The interpreter should not be influence by the modern negative connotation of the term, goy.
• Sentence Typology 2 (וַאֲבָ֣רֶכְךָ֔): V-O
• The 2ms pronominal suffix serving as the object of the clause is attached to the cohortative, Piel stem verb.
• Sentence Typology 3 (וַאֲגַדְּלָ֖ה שְׁמֶ֑ךָ): V-O
• Sentence Typology 4 (וֶהְיֵ֖ה בְּרָכָֽה): V-SC
• How should the last clause וֶהְיֵ֖ה בְּרָכָֽה be rendered?  The editor of BHS wants the verb to be read as a 3ms perfect.

Verse 3

• Sentence Typology 1 (וַאֲבָֽרֲכָה֙ מְבָ֣רְכֶ֔יךָ): V-O
• Sentence Typology 2 (וּמְקַלֶּלְךָ֖ אָאֹ֑ר): O-V
• The sequencing of similar root verbs with parallel substantive participles “those who bless you” || “those who curse you” is highlighted by the chiastic arrangement of the first two clauses.
• Sentence Typology 3 (וְנִבְרְכ֣וּ בְךָ֔ כֹּ֖ל מִשְׁפְּחֹ֥ת הָאֲדָמָֽה): V-S-O
• The Niphal verb is used as a passive.
• The last clause begins with a Niphal verb whose subject is not found in the normal second position after the verb but at the end of the clause.  This subordination continues the emphasis upon God’s blessing through Abram.
  

   ה֕וּא מַרְאֵ֖ה דְּמ֣וּת כְּבוֹד־יְהוָ֑ה וָֽאֶרְאֶה֙ וָאֶפֹּ֣ל עַל־פָּנַ֔י וָאֶשְׁמַ֖ע ק֥וֹל מְדַבֵּֽר׃ ס          1 וַיֹּ֖אמֶר אֵלָ֑י בֶּן־אָדָם֙ עֲמֹ֣ד עַל־רַגְלֶ֔יךָ וַאֲדַבֵּ֖ר אֹתָֽךְ׃ 2 וַתָּ֧בֹא בִ֣י ר֗וּחַ כַּֽאֲשֶׁר֙ דִּבֶּ֣ר אֵלַ֔י וַתַּעֲמִדֵ֖נִי עַל־רַגְלָ֑י וָאֶשְׁמַ֕ע אֵ֖ת מִדַּבֵּ֥ר אֵלָֽי׃ פ
3 וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֵלַ֗י בֶּן־אָדָם֙ שׁוֹלֵ֨חַ אֲנִ֤י אֽוֹתְךָ֙ אֶל־בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל אֶל־גּוֹיִ֥ם הַמּוֹרְדִ֖ים אֲשֶׁ֣ר מָרְדוּ־בִ֑י הֵ֤מָּה וַאֲבוֹתָם֙ פָּ֣שְׁעוּ בִ֔י עַד־עֶ֖צֶם הַיּ֥וֹם הַזֶּֽה׃ 4 וְהַבָּנִ֗ים קְשֵׁ֤י פָנִים֙ וְחִזְקֵי־לֵ֔ב אֲנִ֛י שׁוֹלֵ֥חַ אוֹתְךָ֖ אֲלֵיהֶ֑ם וְאָמַרְתָּ֣ אֲלֵיהֶ֔ם כֹּ֥ה אָמַ֖ר אֲדֹנָ֥י יְהוִֹֽה׃ 5 וְהֵ֙מָּה֙ אִם־יִשְׁמְע֣וּ וְאִם־יֶחְדָּ֔לוּ כִּ֛י בֵּ֥ית מְרִ֖י הֵ֑מָּה וְיָ֣דְע֔וּ כִּ֥י נָבִ֖יא הָיָ֥ה בְתוֹכָֽם׃ פ

Vocabulary

Verse  28b

דמות   noun: “likeness” (BDB, 198)

מראה   noun: “vision”

Verse 1

עמד   verb (Qal imperative ms): “stand”

לירג   noun: “feet”

Verse 2

תעמד   verb (Hiphil, waw-consecutive imperfect [past], 3fs w/ 1cs suffix): “it caused me to stand”

Syntax & Miscellaneous

• The use of two verbs fronted in a phrase separated by a waw as in verse 28, וָֽאֶרְאֶה֙ וָאֶפֹּ֣ל, can indicate one verbal idea: “Seeing I fell” or “Upon seeing, I fell.”
• The appositional expression בֶּן־אָדָם֙ is extremely common in the book of Ezekiel.

Verse 3

מורדים   participle (mpl): “rebel” (BDB, 597)

מרד   verb: “disobedient, rebel” (BDB, 597)

המה   pronoun (3mpl): “they”

פשׁע   “transgress” (BDB, 833)

עַד־עֶ֖צֶם הַיֹּ֥ום הַזֶּֽה  idiomatic phrase: “on that very day”

Verse 4

קשׁי  noun: “stubborn” (BDB, 904)

חזק   noun: “harden”

Verse  5

מרי noun: “rebellion” (BDB, 598)

חדל verb: “cease, desist”

Syntax & Misc.

Verse 3

• The disjunctive accent athnach, מָרְדוּ־בִ֑י, denote the middle of the line and normally the end of a clause.

Verse 4

• The declaration phrase, כֹּ֥ה אָמַ֖ר אֲדֹנָ֥י יְהֹוִֽה, regularly indicates the initiation of a divine proclamation.  Here it refers to this familiar idiom of divine prophetic speech.

Verse 5

• The repetition of אִם is understood as “whether…or not” or “either…or.”

וְאֵ֗לֶּה שְׁמֹות֙ בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל הַבָּאִ֖ים מִצְרָ֑יְמָה אֵ֣ת יַעֲקֹ֔ב אִ֥ישׁ וּבֵיתֹ֖ו בָּֽאוּ׃ 2 רְאוּבֵ֣ן שִׁמְעֹ֔ון לֵוִ֖י וִיהוּדָֽה׃ 3 יִשָּׂשכָ֥ר זְבוּלֻ֖ן וּבְנְיָמִֽן׃ 4 דָּ֥ן וְנַפְתָּלִ֖י גָּ֥ד וְאָשֵֽׁר׃ 5 וַֽיְהִ֗י כָּל־נֶ֛פֶשׁ יֹצְאֵ֥י יֶֽרֶךְ־יַעֲקֹ֖ב שִׁבְעִ֣ים נָ֑פֶשׁ וְיֹוסֵ֖ף הָיָ֥ה בְמִצְרָֽיִם׃ 6 וַיָּ֤מָת יֹוסֵף֙ וְכָל־אֶחָ֔יו וְכֹ֖ל הַדֹּ֥ור הַהֽוּא׃ 7 וּבְנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל פָּר֧וּ וַֽיִּשְׁרְצ֛וּ וַיִּרְבּ֥וּ וַיַּֽעַצְמ֖וּ בִּמְאֹ֣ד מְאֹ֑ד וַתִּמָּלֵ֥א הָאָ֖רֶץ אֹתָֽם׃ פ

Vocabulary

Verse 1-4

מצרים name: “Egypt”

יעקב  name: “Jacob”

Names (in order): “Reuben, Simeon, Levi and Judah; Issachar, Zebulon and Benjamin; Dan and Naphtali; Gad and Asher”

Syntax & Miscellaneous

• The order of a noun-demonstrative combination differentiates between a verbless class and a noun phrase.  If a noun is preceded by a demonstrative as in verse 1, then it is rendered as a verbless clause: “This is the man.”  If a noun is followed by a demonstrative that agrees in person, number, and defines, then it is rendered as a noun phrase: “this man.” 
• The particle, את, serves as both a preposition (7.5% of the time [890x] in MT) the direct object marker (10,978x).  The prepositional use is normally translated “with, beside.”
• Notice the usage of waw in verses 2 & 3.  In a three (or more) component series, the conjunction frequently is included with the last nominal and not with the middle nominals.  This construction is similar to the English: “lock, stock, and barrel” or “Tom, Dick and Harry.”

Verse 5

ירך noun: “loins” (BDB, 437)

שׁבעים numeral: “seventy”

דור noun: “generation”

Verse 7

פרה verb: “be fruitful” (BDB, 826)

שׁרץ verb: “swarm” (BDB, 1056)

רבה verb: “multiply, become numerous”

עצם verb: “be numerous” (BDB, 782)

מאד “very much, exceedingly”

מלא verb (Niphal impf 3fs): “be filled”

Syntax & Misc.

Verse 5

• The participle (mpl construct) יֹצְאֵי is a substantival participle.
• The plural form of the number seven,שׁבע , is seventy, שׁבעים .
• The word is commonly understood as “soul” but has a broader range of meanings, such as “person” in this context.  See the article in BDB or HALOT for further description.

Verse 6

• הוא is functioning as a demonstrative.

Verse 7

• Notice the continuous verbal sequence Qal perfect + waw-consecutive imperfect (3x).